ASTM C1260-94
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method permits detection within 16 days of the potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of aggregate in mortar bars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in inch-pound units are shown in parentheses, and are for informational purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in the section on Reagents.
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Designation: C 1260 – 94
Standard Test Method for
Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1260; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
1.1 This test method permits detection within 16 days of the
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of aggregate in
2.2 CSA Standards:
mortar bars.
CAN/CSA-A23.2-14A-M90 Test Methods for Potential Ex-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
pansivity of Cement-Aggregate Combination (Concrete
standard. The values in inch-pound units are shown in paren-
Prism Expansion Method)
theses, and are for informational purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 This test method provides a means of detecting the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
potential of an aggregate intended for use in concrete for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
undergoing alkali-silica reaction resulting in potentially delete-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
rious internal expansion. It is based on the NBRI Accelerated
tionary statement is given in 5.3.1.
Test Method (1-4). It may be especially useful for aggregates
2. Referenced Documents that react slowly or produce expansion late in the reaction.
However, it does not evaluate combinations of aggregates with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cementitious materials nor are the test conditions representa-
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
tive of those encountered by concrete in service.
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube
2 3.2 Because the specimens are exposed to a NaOH solution,
Specimens)
,
3 2
the alkali content of the cement is not a significant factor in
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
affecting expansions.
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
3.3 When excessive expansions (see appendix)Appendix
Cement
X1 are developed, it is recommended that supplementary
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
information be developed to confirm that the expansion is
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
actually due to alkali-silica reaction. Sources of such supple-
C 295 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates
mentary information include: (1) petrographic examination of
for Concrete
the aggregate (Practice C 295) to determine if known reactive
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
constituents are present; (2) examination of the specimens after
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
tests (Practice C 856) to identify the products of alkali reaction;
C 490 Specification for Apparatus for Use in Measurement
and (3) where available, field service records can be used in the
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
3,2
assessment of performance.
Concrete
3.4 When it has been concluded from the results of tests
C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
performed using this test method and supplementary informa-
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
,
3 2 tion that a given aggregate should be considered potentially
Cements and Concretes
deleteriously reactive, the use of mitigative measures such as
C 856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
3 low-alkali portland cement, mineral admixtures, or ground
Concrete
granulated blast-furnace slag should be evaluated (see last
sentence of 3.1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Chemical Reactions. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Current edition approved March 15, 1994. Published May 1994. Formerly Available from National Standards of Canada, Canadian Standards Association,
published as Proposal P 214. 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ont. Canada M9W 1R3.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. the text.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1260
4. Apparatus materials at not less than 20°C (68°F) and not more than
27.5°C (81.5°F). The temperature of the mixing water, and of
4.1 The apparatus shall conform to Specification C 490,
the moist closet or moist room, shall not vary from 23°C
except as follows:
(73.4°F) by more than 1.7°C (3°F).
4.2 Sieves—Square hole, woven-wire cloth sieves, shall
6.2 Maintain the relative humidity of the molding room at
conform to Specification E 11.
not less than 50 %. The moist closet or room shall conform to
4.3 Mixer, Paddle, and Mixing Bowl—Mixer, paddle, and
Specification C 511.
mixing bowl shall conform to the requirements of Practice
6.3 Maintain the storage oven or water bath in which the
C 305, except that the clearance between the lower end of the
specimens are stored in the containers at a temperature of 80 6
paddle and the bottom of the bowl shall be 5.1 6 0.3 mm (0.20
2.0°C (176 6 3.6°F).
6 0.01 in.).
4.4 Tamper and Trowel—The tamper and trowel shall con-
7. Sampling and Preparation of Test Specimens
form to Test Method C 109.
7.1 Selection of Aggregate—Process materials proposed for
4.5 Containers—The containers must be of such a nature
use as fine aggregate in concrete as described in 7.2 with a
that the bars can be totally immersed in either the water or 1N
minimum of crushing. Process materials proposed for use as
NaOH solution. The containers must be made of material that
coarse aggregate in concrete by crushing to produce as nearly
can withstand prolonged exposure to 80°C (176°F) and must
as practical a graded product from which a sample can be
be inert to a 1N NaOH solution (see Note 1). The containers
obtained. Grade the sample as prescribed in 7.2. The sample
must be so constructed that when used for storing specimens,
shall represent the composition of the coarse aggregate as
the loss or gain of moisture is prevented by tight-fitting covers,
proposed for use.
by sealing, or both (see Note 2). The bars in the solution must
7.1.1 When a given quarried material is proposed for use
be placed and supported so that the solution has access to the
both as coarse and as fine aggregate, test it only by selection of
whole of the bar; therefore, it should be ensured that the
an appropriate sample crushed to the fine aggregates sizes,
specimens do not touch the sides of the container or each other.
unless there is reason to expect that the coarser size fractions
The specimens, if stood upright in the solution, shall not be
have a different composition that the finer sizes and that these
supported by the metal gage stud.
differences might significantly affect expansion due to reaction
NOTE 1—The NaOH solution will corrode glass or metal containers.
with the alkalies in cement. In this case test the coarser size
NOTE 2—Some microwave-proof food storage containers made of
fractions in a manner similar to that employed in testing the
polypropylene or high-density polythylene have been found to be accept-
fine aggregate sizes.
able.
7.2 Preparation of Aggregate—Grade all aggregates to
4.6 Oven, or Water Bath—A convection oven or water bath
which this test method is applied in accordance with the
with temperature control maintaining 80 6 2.0°C (176 6
requirements prescribed in Table 1. Crush aggregates in which
3.6°F).
sufficient quantities of the sizes specified in Table 1 do not exist
until the required material has been produced. In the case of
5. Reagents
aggregates containing insufficient amounts of one or more of
5.1 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)—USP or technical grade
+ − the larger sizes listed in Table 1, and if no larger material is
may be used, provided the Na and OH concentrations are
available for crushing, the first size in which sufficient material
shown by chemical analysis to lie between 0.99N and 1.01N.
is available shall contain the cumulative percentage of material
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
down to that size as determined from the grading specified in
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
Table 1. When such procedures are required, make a special
to Type IV of Specification D 1193.
note thereof in the test report. After the aggregate has been
5.3 Sodium Hydroxide Solution—Each litre of solution shall
separated into the various sieve sizes, wash each size with a
contain 40.0 g of NaOH dissolved in 900 mL of water, and
water spray over the sieve to remove adhering dust and fine
shall be diluted with additional distilled or deionized water to
particles from the aggregate. Dry the portions retained on the
obtain 1.0 L of solution. The volume proportion of sodium
various sieves and, unless used immediately, store each such
hydroxide solution to mortar bars in a storage container shall
portion individually in a clean container provided with a
be 4 6 0.5 volumes of solution to 1 volume of mortar bars. The
tight-fitting cover.
volume of a mortar bar may be taken as 184 mL.
7.3 Selection and Preparation of Cement:
5.3.1 Precaution—Before using NaOH, review: (1) the
7.3.1 Reference Cement—Use the portland cement meeting
safety precautions for using NaOH; (2) first aid for burns; and
the requirements of Specification C 150. In addition, the
(3) the emergency response to spills, as described in the
manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheet or other reliable
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
safety literature. NaOH can cause very severe burns and injury
Sieve Size
to unprotected skin and eyes. Suitable personal protective
Mass, %
Passing Retained on
equipment should always be used. These should include
4.75 mm (No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 10
full-face shields, rubber aprons, and gloves impervious to
2.36 mm (No. 8) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 25
NaOH. Gloves should be checked periodically for pin holes.
1.18 mm (No. 16) 600 μm (No. 30) 25
600 μm (No. 30) 300 μm (No. 50) 25
6. Conditioning
300 μm (No. 50) 150 μm (No. 100) 15
6.1 Maintain the temperature of the molding room and dry
C 1260
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