ASTM F1896-16
(Test Method)Test Method for Determining the Electrical Resistivity of a Printed Conductive Material (Withdrawn 2023)
Test Method for Determining the Electrical Resistivity of a Printed Conductive Material (Withdrawn 2023)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Resistivity is useful to suppliers and manufacturers as follows:
3.1.1 when designing membrane switch interface circuitry,
3.1.2 when selecting the appropriate conductive material,
3.1.3 for conductive material quality verification, and
3.1.4 for conductive material cure optimization and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the electrical resistivity of a conductive material as used in the manufacture of a membrane switch.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for measuring force sensitive conductive materials.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the electrical resistivity of a conductive material as used in the manufacture of a membrane switch.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this test method was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because Committee F01 was disbanded.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1896 − 16
Test Method for
Determining the Electrical Resistivity of a Printed
1
Conductive Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 for conductive material cure optimization and quality
control.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elec-
trical resistivity of a conductive material as used in the
4. Interferences
manufacture of a membrane switch.
4.1 The accuracy of the resistivity determination will be
1.2 This test method is not suitable for measuring force
improved as the number of squares of the resistance test strip
sensitive conductive materials.
is increased. The accuracy of the resistivity determination will
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
be improved as the width (W) of the circuitry test pattern is
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
increased. Some conductive materials’ resistivity are sensitive
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
to temperature.
and are not considered standard.
5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Resistance Measuring Device, (that is, ohm meter)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
equipped with test leads and probes. The device should be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
capable of measuring resistances up to 100 MΩ with an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
accuracyofgreaterthan1.5 %offullscalereading.Testprobes
should have tips that are 25 to 250 % of the width (W)ofthe
2. Terminology
printed conductor test pattern. If your device is not equipped
2.1 Definitions:
with a feature that allows the resistance of the leads to be
2.1.1 membrane switch—a momentary switching device in
negated then measure the lead resistance and subtract that from
which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible
the resistance measurements.
substrate.
5.2 Test Surface, to be flat, smooth, unyielding and larger
2.1.2 circuit/test pattern resistance—electrical resistance as
than circuit under test.
measured between two terminations of a circuit trace.
5.3 Thickness Measuring Device, capable of measuring to
2.1.3 square—A geometric unit of a printed conductive
the nearest 0.00005 in. (1.25 µm).
circuit trace/pattern obtained by dividing the length (L)ofthe
5.4 Dimensional Measuring Device, capable of measuring
printed conductive circuit trace/pattern by its width (W).
to the nearest 0.001 in. (25 µm).
2.1.4 resistivity—ohms per square per mil of a conductive
material.
6. Procedure
6.1 Pre-Test Setup:
3. Significance and Use
6.1.1 Secure circuit (that is, printed and cured conductive
3.1 Resistivity is useful to suppliers and manufacturers as
material) on the test surface.
follows:
6.1.2 Measure the geometry of the test pattern as follows:
3.1.1 when designing membrane switch interface circuitry,
6.1.2.1 Measure the length (L) of the printed test pattern. (L)
3.1.2 when selecting the appropriate conductive material,
is the length of the conductive path between test probes.
3.1.3 for conductive material quality verification, and
NOTE 1—It is possible that (L) is smaller than (W).
6.1.2.2 Measure the width (W) of the printed test pattern.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, and
6.1.2.3 Divide the length (L) by the width (W) to calculate
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Printed Electronics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
the number of squares of the printed test pattern.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1896 - 10. DOI:
10.1520/F1896-16. NOTE 2—Measuring the length (L) and width (W) of the actual printed
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1896 − 16
pattern checks the accuracy of the actual number of squares printed versus
6.3.4.1 Example No. 1 is as follows:
the artwork.
Resistance Measurement: 3.0Ω
Thickness (t) Measurement: 0.50 mils (12.5 µm)
6.2 In-Process Test:
Number of Squares: 100 squares
6.2.1 Using the resistance measuring device (that is, ohm
meter), measure the resistance of the printed test pattern. Place
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1896 − 10 F1896 − 16
Test Method for
Determining the Electrical Resistivity of a Printed
1
Conductive Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the electrical resistivity of a conductive material as used in the manufacture
of a membrane switch.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for measuring force sensitive conductive materials.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 membrane switch—a momentary switching device in which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible substrate.
2.1.2 circuit/test pattern resistance—electrical resistance as measured between two terminations of a circuit trace.
2.1.3 square—A geometric unit of a printed conductive circuit trace/pattern obtained by dividing the length (L) of the printed
conductive circuit trace/pattern by its width (W).
2.1.4 resistivity—ohms per square per mil of a conductive material.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Resistivity is useful to suppliers and manufacturers as follows:
3.1.1 when designing membrane switch interface circuitry,
3.1.2 when selecting the appropriate conductive material,
3.1.3 for conductive material quality verification, and
3.1.4 for conductive material cure optimization and quality control.
4. Interferences
4.1 The precision and bias of this test method are under investigation. The accuracy of the resistivity determination will be
improved as the number of squares of the resistance test strip is increased. The accuracy of the resistivity determination will be
improved as the width (W) of the circuitry test pattern is increased. Some conductive materials’ resistivity are sensitive to
temperature and the temperature of the test specimen should be noted and recorded.temperature.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Resistance Measuring Device, (that is, ohm meter) equipped with test leads and probes. The device should be capable of
measuring resistances up to 100 MΩ with an accuracy of greater than 1.5 % of full scale reading. Test probes should have tips that
are 25 to 250 % of the width (W) of the printed conductor test pattern. If your device is not equipped with a feature that allows
the resistance of the leads to be negated then measure the lead resistance and subtract that from the resistance measurements.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Membrane SwitchesPrinted
Electronics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010May 1, 2016. Published June 2010May 2016. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as F1896
- 98 (2004). 10. DOI: 10.1520/F1896-10.10.1520/F1896-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1896 − 16
5.2 Test Surface, to be flat, smooth, unyielding and larger than switchcircuit under test.
5.3 Thickness Measuring Device, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.00005 in. (1.25 μm).
5.4 Dimensional Measuring Device, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.001 in. (25 μm).
6. Test Specimen
6.1 A resistance test strip of printed and cured conductive material with a minimum length (L) to width (W) ratio of 50:1 (equal
to or greater than 50 squares). A pattern of membrane switch circuitry is sufficient if a straight measurable strip, with a minimum
length (L) to width (W) ratio of 50:1 (equal to or greater than 50 squares), is available. The accuracy of the resistivity determination
will be improved as the number of squares of the resistance test strip is increased.
6. Procedure
6.1 Pre-Test Setup:
6.1.1 Secure switch/test pattern circuit (that is, printed and cured con
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1896 − 16
Test Method for
Determining the Electrical Resistivity of a Printed
1
Conductive Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 for conductive material cure optimization and quality
control.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elec-
trical resistivity of a conductive material as used in the
4. Interferences
manufacture of a membrane switch.
4.1 The accuracy of the resistivity determination will be
1.2 This test method is not suitable for measuring force
improved as the number of squares of the resistance test strip
sensitive conductive materials.
is increased. The accuracy of the resistivity determination will
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
be improved as the width (W) of the circuitry test pattern is
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
increased. Some conductive materials’ resistivity are sensitive
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
to temperature.
and are not considered standard.
5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Resistance Measuring Device, (that is, ohm meter)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
equipped with test leads and probes. The device should be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
capable of measuring resistances up to 100 MΩ with an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
accuracy of greater than 1.5 % of full scale reading. Test probes
should have tips that are 25 to 250 % of the width (W) of the
2. Terminology
printed conductor test pattern. If your device is not equipped
2.1 Definitions:
with a feature that allows the resistance of the leads to be
2.1.1 membrane switch—a momentary switching device in
negated then measure the lead resistance and subtract that from
which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible
the resistance measurements.
substrate.
5.2 Test Surface, to be flat, smooth, unyielding and larger
2.1.2 circuit/test pattern resistance—electrical resistance as
than circuit under test.
measured between two terminations of a circuit trace.
5.3 Thickness Measuring Device, capable of measuring to
2.1.3 square—A geometric unit of a printed conductive
the nearest 0.00005 in. (1.25 µm).
circuit trace/pattern obtained by dividing the length (L) of the
5.4 Dimensional Measuring Device, capable of measuring
printed conductive circuit trace/pattern by its width (W).
to the nearest 0.001 in. (25 µm).
2.1.4 resistivity—ohms per square per mil of a conductive
material.
6. Procedure
6.1 Pre-Test Setup:
3. Significance and Use
6.1.1 Secure circuit (that is, printed and cured conductive
3.1 Resistivity is useful to suppliers and manufacturers as
material) on the test surface.
follows:
6.1.2 Measure the geometry of the test pattern as follows:
3.1.1 when designing membrane switch interface circuitry,
6.1.2.1 Measure the length (L) of the printed test pattern. (L)
3.1.2 when selecting the appropriate conductive material,
is the length of the conductive path between test probes.
3.1.3 for conductive material quality verification, and
NOTE 1—It is possible that (L) is smaller than (W).
6.1.2.2 Measure the width (W) of the printed test pattern.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, and
6.1.2.3 Divide the length (L) by the width (W) to calculate
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Printed Electronics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
the number of squares of the printed test pattern.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1896 - 10. DOI:
10.1520/F1896-16. NOTE 2—Measuring the length (L) and width (W) of the actual printed
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1896 − 16
pattern checks the accuracy of the actual number of squares printed versus
6.3.4.1 Example No. 1 is as follows:
the artwork.
Resistance Measurement: 3.0 Ω
Thickness (t) Measurement: 0.50 mils (12.5 µm)
6.2 In-Process Test:
Number of Squares: 100 squares
6.2.1 Using the resistance measuring device (that is, ohm
meter), measure the resistance of the printed test pattern. Place
Ohms per square = 3.0 Ω/100 squares
Ohms per square = 0.03 Ω per square
probes at ends of measured length of the test pattern as shown
...
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