ASTM E104-02(2007)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions
Standard Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes one method for generating constant relative humidity (rh) environments in relatively small containers.
1.2 This practice is applicable for obtaining constant relative humidities ranging from dryness to near saturation at temperatures spanning from 0 to 50C.
1.3 This practice is applicable for closed systems such as environmental conditioning containers and for the calibration of hygrometers.
1.4 This practice is not recommended for the generation of continuous (flowing) streams of constant humidity unless precautionary criteria are followed to ensure source stability. (See Section 9 .)
1.5 Caution-Saturated salt solutions are extremely corrosive, and care should be taken in their preparation and handling. There is also the possibility of corrosive vapors in the atmospheres over the saturated salt solutions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautionary information see 1.5 and 10.1 .
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Designation:E104–02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of
1
Aqueous Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
1.1 This practice describes one method for generating con-
2.2 Other Document:
stant relative humidity (rh) environments in relatively small
DIN50008 “Konstantklimate uber waesserigen Loseungen”
containers.
(Constant Climates Over Aqueous Solutions).
1.2 This practice is applicable for obtaining constant rela-
4
Part 1: Saturated Salt and Glycerol Solutions.
tive humidities ranging from dryness to near saturation at
temperatures spanning from 0 to 50°C.
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice is applicable for closed systems such as
3.1 non-hygroscopic material—material which neither ab-
environmental conditioning containers and for the calibration
sorbs nor retains water vapor.
of hygrometers.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this practice refer
1.4 This practice is not recommended for the generation of
to Terminology D1356.
continuous (flowing) streams of constant humidity unless
precautionary criteria are followed to ensure source stability.
4. Summary of Practice
(See Section 9.)
4.1 Standard value relative humidity environments are gen-
1.5 Caution—Saturated salt solutions are extremely corro-
erated using selected aqueous saturated salt solutions.
sive, and care should be taken in their preparation and
handling.Thereisalsothepossibilityofcorrosivevaporsinthe
5. Significance and Use
2
atmospheres over the saturated salt solutions.
5.1 Standard value relative humidity environments are im-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
portant for conditioning materials in shelf-life studies or in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
testing of mechanical properties such as dimensional stability
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and strength. Relative humidity is also an important operating
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
variable for the calibration of many species of measuring
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
instruments.
safety precautionary information see 1.5 and 10.1.
6. Interferences
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Temperature regulation of any solution-head space en-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vironment to 60.1°C is essential for realizing generated
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
relative humidity values within 60.5 % (expected).
6.2 Some aqueous saturated salt solutions change composi-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir Quality
tion following preparation by hydrolysis or by reaction with
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology.
environmental components (for example, carbon dioxide ab-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally
sorption by alkaline materials). These solutions should be
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E104 - 02. DOI:
10.1520/E0104-02R07.
freshly prepared on each occasion of use.
2
Opila, R., Jr., Weschler, C. J., and Schubert, R., “Acidic Vapors Above
Saturated Salt Solutions Commonly Used for Control of Humidity,” IEEE Trans.
Components, Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology, Vol 12, No. 1, March 1989,
pp. 114–120.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Published by Deutsches Institut für Normung, 4-10 Burggrzfenstrasse Postfach
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 1107, D-1000 Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany. Also available from ANSI
the ASTM website. Publication Office, New York, NY.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E104–02 (2007)
TABLE 1 Humidity Fixed Point (HFP) Salt Solutions
HFP Designation Salt Name Chemical Symbol Temperature Range (°C)
HFP 4 Caesium fluoride CsF 15 to 80
HFP 7 Lithium bromide LiBr 5 to 80
HFP 12 Lithium chloride LiCl 5 to 80
HFP 23 Potassium acetate CH COOK 10 to 30
3
HFP 33 Magnesium chloride MgCl 5to80
2
HFP 43 Potassium carbonate K CO 5to30
2 3
HFP 59 Sodium bromide NaBr 5 to 80
HFP 70 Potassium iodide KI 5 to 80
H
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E104–85 (Reapproved 1996) Designation:E104–02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of
1
Aqueous Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes two methodsone method for generating constant relative humidity (rh) environments in relatively
small containers.
1.2 This practice is applicable for obtaining constant relative humidities ranging from dryness to near saturation at temperatures
spanning from 0 to 50°C.
1.3 This practice is applicable for closed systems such as environmental conditioning containers and for the calibration of
hygrometers.
1.4 This practice is not recommended for the generation of continuous (flowing) streams of constant humidity unless
precautionary criteria are followed to ensure source stability. (See Section 9.)
1.5 Caution—Both saturated —Saturated salt solutions and sulfuric acid-water solutions are extremely corrosive, and care
should be taken in their preparation and handling. There is also the possibility of corrosive vapors in the atmospheres over the
2
saturated salt solutions. and over the sulfuric acid solution.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautionary information see 1.5 and 10.1.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4023Terminology Relating to Humidity Measurements
E126Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Hydrometers
2.2 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
2.2 Other Document:
DIN50008 “Konstantklimate uber waesserigen Loseungen” (Constant Climates Over Aqueous Solutions).
4
Part 1: Saturated Salt and Glycerol Solutions. Part 2: Sulfuric Acid Solutions. (1981)
3. Terminology
3.1 non-hygroscopic material—material which neither absorbs nor retains water vapor.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this practice refer to Terminology D4023D 1356.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11
on Meteorology.
Current edition approved Feb. 22, 1985. Published June 1985.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E104 - 02.
2
Opila, R., Jr., Weschler, C. J., and Schubert, R., “Acidic Vapors Above Saturated Salt Solutions Commonly Used for Control of Humidity,” IEEE Trans. Components,
Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology, Vol 12, No. 1, March 1989, pp. 114–120.
3
Kawasaki, K., and Kanou, K., “Control ofAtmospheric Humidity forAqueous SulfuricAcid Solutions,” Vol. III (A. Wexler, ed.), Reinhold Publishing Corporation, NY,
1964, pp. 531–534.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
PublishedbyDeutschesInstitutfürNormung,4-10BurggrzfenstrassePostfach1107,D-1000Berlin,FederalRepublicofGermany.AlsoavailablefromANSIPublication
Office, New York, NY.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E104–02 (2007)
4. Summary of Practice
4.1Standard value relative humidity environments are generated using selected aqueous saturated salt solutions or various
strength sulfuric acid-water systems.
4.1 Standard value relative humidity environments are generated using selected aqueous saturated salt solutions.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Standard value relative humidity environments are im
...
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