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ASTM A732/A732M-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures

Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel and cobalt alloy castings made by the investment casting process. Fifteen grades of steel and two cobalt alloy grades are covered. Steel castings shall be heat treated either by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering to obtain the specified properties or other properties that have been agreed upon within each grade. The castings shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel and cobalt alloy castings made by the investment casting process.  
1.2 Fifteen grades of steel and two cobalt alloy grades are covered.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2014
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A732/A732M-09 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Replaced By
ASTM A732/A732M-20 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM A536-84(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM A395/A395M-99(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM A494/A494M-22 - Standard Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM A897/A897M-22 - Standard Specification for Austempered Ductile Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM A957/A957M-21 - Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014

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ASTM A732/A732M-14 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesASTM A732/A732M-14 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
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ASTM A732/A732M-14 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
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REDLINE ASTM A732/A732M-14 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesREDLINE ASTM A732/A732M-14 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
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Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM A732/A732M-14 - Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A732/A732M −14
Standard Specification for
Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for
General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at
1
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA732/A732M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for castings under this specification should
1.1 This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel and
include the following information:
cobalt alloy castings made by the investment casting process.
3.1.1 Quantity,
1.2 Fifteen grades of steel and two cobalt alloy grades are
3.1.2 ASTM designation and issue date,
covered.
3.1.3 Grade designation (Tables 1 and 2), and
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
3.1.4 Description of casting by part, pattern, or drawing
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple-
number. (Dimensional tolerances and machined surfaces shall
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
be indicated on the casting drawing.).
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
3.2 The purchaser should specify any of the following
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
information to describe adequately the desired material:
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 3.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 5.1 and 5.2),
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2.2 Repairwelding(seeSection8andSpecificationA957/
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining A957M),
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2.3 Source inspection, if any (see Specification A957/
with the standard. A957M), and
3.2.4 Supplementary requirements required (marking,
2. Referenced Documents certification, mechanical properties, NDT, and the like).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. General Requirements
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
the requirements of Specification A957/A957M, including any
A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel
supplementary requirements that are indicated on the purchase
and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
Use
A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-
A997 Practice for Investment Castings, Surface Acceptance
tion. In case of conflict of this specification and Specification
Standards, Visual Examination
A957/A957M, this specification shall prevail.
E21 TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
Metallic Materials
5. Heat Treatment
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
5.1 Steel castings shall be heat treated either by full
annealing,normalizing,normalizingandtempering,orquench-
ing and tempering to obtain the specified properties or other
properties that have been agreed upon within each grade. In
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee A01 on Steel,
this latter instance, Supplementary Requirement S53 shall be
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
used.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after the castings
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A732/A732M – 09.
have been allowed to cool below the transformation range.
DOI: 10.1520/A0732_A0732M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Cobalt alloy castings shall be supplied in the as-cast
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
condition unless otherwise agreed upon by supplier and pur-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. chaser.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A732/A732M−14
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade 1A 2A,2Q 3A,3Q 4A,4Q 5N 6N 7Q 8Q
Type Low Carbon Medium Medium Medium Vanadium Manganese Chromium Chromium
Carbon Carbon Carbon Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum
A
IC 1020 IC 1030 IC 1040 IC 1050 IC 6120 IC 4020 IC 4130 IC 4140
Carbon 0.15 to 0.25 0.25 to 0.35 0.35 to 0.45 0.45 to 0.55 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.25 to 0.35 0.35 to 0.45
Manganese 0.20 to 0.60 0.70 to 1.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A732/A732M − 09 A732/A732M − 14
Standard Specification for
Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for
General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at
1
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A732/A732M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel and cobalt alloy castings made by the investment casting process.
1.2 Fifteen grades of steel and two cobalt alloy grades are covered.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A957A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A994 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys
A997 Practice for Investment Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for castings under this specification should include the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity,
3.1.2 ASTM designation and issue date,
3.1.3 Grade designation (Tables 1 and 2), and
3.1.4 Description of casting by part, pattern, or drawing number. (Dimensional tolerances and machined surfaces shall be
indicated on the casting drawing.).
3.2 The purchaser should specify any of the following information to describe adequately the desired material:
3.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 5.1 and 5.2),
3.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 8 and Specification A957A957/A957M),
3.2.3 Source inspection, if any (see Specification A957A957/A957M), and
3.2.4 Supplementary requirements required (marking, certification, mechanical properties, NDT, and the like).
4. General Requirements
4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A957A957/A957M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009March 1, 2014. Published May 2009March 2014. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20052009 as
A732/A732M – 05.A732/A732M – 09. DOI: 10.1520/A0732_A0732M-09.10.1520/A0732_A0732M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A732/A732M − 14
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade 1A 2A,2Q 3A,3Q 4A,4Q 5N 6N 7Q 8Q
Type Low Carbon Medium Medium Medium Vanadium Manganese Chromium Chromium
Carbon Carbon Carbon Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum
A
IC 1020 IC 1030 IC 1040 IC 1050 IC 6120 IC 4020 IC 4130 IC 4140
Carbon 0.15 to 0.25 0.25 to 0.35 0.35 to 0.45 0.45 to 0.55 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.25 to 0.35 0.35 to 0.45
Manganese 0.20 to 0.60 0.70 to 1.00 0.70 to 1.00 0.70 to 1.00 0.70 to 1.00 1.35 to 1.75 0.40 to 0.70 0.70 to 1.00
Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Sulfu
...

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Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application.  
Note 1: For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specifications A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A487/A487M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1091/A1091M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service. However, the castings are not restricted to such applications, and may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable. The specification includes one grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91, which is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after weld repairs.
This specification also prescribes the general conditions for delivery, including those for investment castings, as well as the requirements for ordering information; materials and manufacture (heat-treatment and machining); chemical composition; testing of mechanical properties (tensile testing and hardness testing); quality of castings; rework, weld repair, and retreatment; and certification and marking of castings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service (see Note 1). However, they are not restricted to such applications and the castings may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable.  
1.2 One grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91 (UNS Number J84090), is covered (see Note 2). It is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after welding. This and similar steels are characterized by a predominantly tempered martensitic or tempered Bainitic microstructure that is stabilized by the precipitation of temper-resistant particles at various precipitate nucleation sites in the microstructure. Such steels are designed to have creep-rupture strengths significantly superior to those of alloys of nominally similar compositions, but in which the precipitates or nucleation sites are absent. Since this crucial difference cannot be revealed by room-temperature mechanical property tests, these alloys require tighter controls on manufacturing and processing.
Note 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 2: The committee formulating this specification has included one grade of material that is considered to represent a type of ferritic alloy steel suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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