ASTM E1317-97a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior of surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboard ship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishes intended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacing materials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhesives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceilings, paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials. Note 1-This test method has been prepared to closely follow the test procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1). Optional provisions not applicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately interpreted, can be used to select materials and surface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread of fire.
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E 1317 – 97a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for
E 162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
of surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboard
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
ship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishes
E 286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building
intended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacing
Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace
materials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhe-
E 648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
sives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceilings,
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.
E 970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed
NOTE 1—This test method has been prepared to closely follow the test
Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy
procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1). Optional provisions not
Source
applicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.
E 1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are 3
Flame Spread Properties
intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
interpreted, can be used to select materials and surface treat- 5
CFR Title 46, Part 164.009, Noncombustible Materials
ments that will limit the rapid growth and spread of fire.
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen
Detailed drawings (19), construction information, and parts
radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.
list (Adjunct to E1317)
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe
3. Terminology
the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in
describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,
this test method, refer to Terminology E 176.
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard
3.2.1 compensating thermocouple, n—a thermocouple for
assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account
the purpose of generating an electrical signal representing
all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the
long-term changes in the stack metal temperatures wherein a
fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
fraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signal
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
developed by the stack-gas thermocouples.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n— a flux level at the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthest
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
advance and subsequent self-extinguishment of the flame on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
the centerline of a specimen.
statements, see Section 7.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The flux reported is based on calibra-
tion tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 dummy specimen—a noncombustible (as defined by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
46 CFR 164.009) specimen used for standardizing the operat-
ing condition of the equipment, roughly 20 mm in thickness
with a density of 7506 100 kg/m .
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-5 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Burning.
Discontinued; see 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published August 1997. Originally
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
published as E 1317 – 90. Last previous edition E 1317 – 97.
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
Detailed drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request
this standard.
ADJE1317.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1317
3.2.4 fume stack—a box-like duct with thermocouples and thermocouples as the burning progresses. Results are reported
baffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burning in terms of heat for ignition, heat for sustained burning, critical
specimen pass whose purpose is to permit measurement of the flux at extinguishment, and heat release of the specimen during
heat release from the burning specimen. burning.
3.2.5 heat for ignition—the product of time from initial
5. Significance and Use
specimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mm
position and the flux level at this position, the latter obtained in 5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of the
flammable performance of surface finish materials used in
prior calibration of the apparatus.
constructing and outfitting ships.
3.2.6 heat for sustained burning—the product of time from
5.2 A specimen of the surface finish of concern is mounted
initial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front,
on the support material contemplated for use and subjected to
and the incident flux level at that same location as measured
a controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.
with a dummy specimen during calibration.
5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a vertical
3.2.7 marine board—an insulation board of 750 6 100
plane.
kg/m density that meets the noncombustibility criteria of 46
5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:
CFR 164.009.
5.4.1 Bulkhead specimens having surface veneers, fabrics,
3.2.8 measured heat release of specimen—the observed heat
or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.
release under the variable flux field imposed on the specimen
5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lower
and measured as defined by this test method.
exposed surface.
3.2.9 mirror assembly—a mirror, marked and aligned with
the viewing rakes, used as an aid in quickly identifying and 5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated and
air backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper)
tracking the flame front progress.
3.2.10 reverberatory wires—a wire mesh located in front of, surface of the material.
5.4.4 Deck finish and flooring materials are tested on the
but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat source
which serves to enhance the combustion efficiency and in- upper exposed surface.
5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation mate-
crease the radiance of the panel.
3.2.11 special calibration dummy specimen—a dummy rials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.
5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate to
specimen as defined by Fig. 1, made of the same material as the
the flammability of the specimens tested. These include ignit-
dummy specimen, intended only for use in calibration of flux
ability, heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux at
gradient along the specimen.
extinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-
3.2.12 viewing rakes—a set of bars with wires spaced at
exposure conditions applied.
50-mm intervals for the purpose of increasing the precision of
5.6 This test method does not provide:
timing the flame front progress along the specimen.
5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finish
4. Summary of Test Method
materials supported by backing materials other than those
tested.
4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flamma-
5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials when
bility characteristics of 155 by 800-mm specimens in a vertical
used in other thicknesses than those tested.
orientation. The specimens are exposed to a graded radiant-flux
5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as a
field supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are provided
measure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimens
for observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishment
tested.
of flame along the length of the specimen as well as for
measuring the compensated millivolt signal of the stack gas
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Equipment— Figs. 2-6 show photographs of the
equipment as assembled ready for test. Detailed drawings and
a parts list are available from ASTM. These provide engineer-
ing information necessary for the fabrication of the main
frame, specimen holders, stack, and other parts of the equip-
ment. Some commercially available units have added safety
features that are not described in the drawings. Brief parts list
for the test equipment assembly includes:
6.1.1 Main Frame (see Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) consisting of
two separate sections; the burner frame and the specimen
support frame. These two units are bolted together with
threaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.
6.1.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of the
specimen during test. At least two of these are required. Using
three of these will prevent delays resulting from required
cooling of holders prior to mounting specimens.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient Calibration 6.1.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheet
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1317
1—Specimen support frame
2—Specimen holder
3—Flame-front viewing mirror
4—Viewing rake
5—Radiation pyrometer
6—Radiant panel assembly
7—Viewing rake for horizontal specimen not used in this test
method
FIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion Frame
FIG. 2 (a) General View of the Apparatus
FIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy Specimen
consists of an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.
6.1.5 Air and Fuel Supply—An air and fuel supply to
support combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flow
metering device, gas-control valves, pressure reducer and
safety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Require-
ments are summarized as follows:
FIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front View (continued) 3
6.1.5.1 A regulated air supply of about 30 m /h at a pressure
sufficient to overcome the friction loss through the line,
steel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete with
metering device, and radiant panel (Note 2). The radiant panel
gas and stack-metal compensating thermocouples (also see Fig.
pressure drop amounts to only a few millimetres of water.
5).
6.1.4 Radiant Panel (2) (see Fig. 4) shall have heated
NOTE 2—In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the air line this
surface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panel flow rate can be roughly set by holding a lighted match with its axis
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1317
1—Pilot flame
FIG. 5 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment Showing
2—Viewing rake
Specimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack Thermocouple
Assembly
NOTE 1—Two burners are provided; only one for the non-contracting
pilot is operating.
horizontal and close to the panel tile face. The match flame should deviate
FIG. 6 Pilot Flame and Dummy Assembly
from the vertical by about 10°.
6.1.5.2 The fuel gas used shall be either natural gas or
methane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain a
constant supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either by
a manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer. The
venturi mixer will allow control of the flux level of the panel
by adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include an
electrically operated shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in the
event of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss of
heat at the burner surface. The fuel gas flow requirements shall
be 1.0 to 3.7 m /h at a pressure sufficient to overcome pressure
losses.
6.1.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack,
flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror are
all assembled on the specimen support frame. The arrangement
FIG. 7 Stack—Specimen Position Dimensions
of parts on this frame is evident in Fig. 2(a), Fig. 2(b), and Fig.
3. the apparatus in the position of the specimen except during
6.1.7 A dummy specimen of marine board of the thickness actual testing.
and density specified in the test procedure shall be mounted on 6.2 Instrumentation:
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1317
6.2.1 Total Radiation Pyrometer—This instrument shall be least 1-m separation between it and the walls of the test room.
compensated for its temperature variation and shall have a No combustible finish material of ceiling, floor, or walls shall
sensitivity between the thermal wavelengths of 1 and 9 μm that be located within2mofthe radiant heat source.
is nominally constant and shall view a centrally located area on 6.3.4 Air Supply—Access to an exterior supply of air, to
the radiant panel of about 150 by 300 mm. The instrument shall
replace that removed by the exhaust system, is required. This
be rigidly mounted on the specimen support frame in such a shall be arranged in such a way that the ambient temperature
manner that it will be directed at the radiant panel surface
remains reasonably stable (for example, the air might be taken
oriented for specimens in the vertical positions. from an adjoining heated building).
6.3.5 Room Draughts—Measurement
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