ASTM E9-89a(1995)

Standard Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1994
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

- 0759530 0653973 b50 m
STD.ASTM E9 REV A-ENGL 1789
Designation: E 9 - 89a (Reapproved 1995) An American National Standard
#Tb
Standard Test Methods of
Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room
Temperature’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (c) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapprowl.
This standard has been approved for we by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DOD Index of Specifiations and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
3. Terminology
1. Scope
3.1 Definitions-The definitions of terms relating to com-
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimens,
pression testing and room temperature in Terminology E 6
and procedure for axial-load compression testing of metallic
and Specification E 17 1, respectively, shall apply to these test
materials at room temperature (Note 1). For additional re-
quirements pertaining to cemented carbides, see Annex A 1. methods.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE I-For compression tests at elevated temperatures, see Pram-
3.2.1 buckling--In addition to compressive failure by
tice E 209.
crushing of the material, compressive failure may occur by
(I) elastic instability over the length of a column specimen
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
due to nonaxiality of loading, (2) inelastic instability over the
regarded as the standard. The metric equivalent values cited
length of a column specimen, (3) a local instability, either
in the standard may be approximate.
elastic or inelastic, over a small portion of the gage length, or
I.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(4) a twisting or torsional failure in which cross sections
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rotate over each other about the longitudinal specimen axis.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
These types of failures are all termed buckling.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1.1 column-a compression member that is axially
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
loaded and that may fail by buckling.
3.2.1.2 radius of gyralion-the square root of the ratio of
2. Referenced Documents
the moment of inertia of the cross section about the
centroidal axis to the cross-sectional area:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and p = (Z/A)“2
(1)
Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products2
where:
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3
= radius of gyration,
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical
T = moment of inertia of the cross section about centroidal
Testing3
axis (for specimens without lateral support, the smaller
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of
value of Z is the critical value), and
Extensometers3
A
= cross-sectional area.
E 111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Mod-
3.2.1.3 critical stress-the axial uniform stress that causes
ulus, and Chord Modulus3
a column to be on the verge of buckling. The critical load is
E 17 1 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
calculated by multiplying the critical stress by the cross-
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials4
section area.
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3.2.1.4 buckling equations-If the buckling stress is less
ASTM Test Methods5
than or equal to the proportional limit of the material its
E 209 Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Mate-
value may be calculated using the Euler equation:
rials at Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or
S,, = CU~E/(L/~)~
Rapid Heating Rates and Strain Rates3 (2)
E 251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of
If the buckling stress is greater than the proportional limit of
Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages3
the material its value may be calculated from the modified
Euler equation:
S,, = Gr2E,/(Llp)=
I These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-28 on (3)
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.05 on
where:
Compression Testing.
S,, = critical buckling stress,
Current edition approved March 31, 1989. Published May 1989. Originally
published as E 9 - 24 T. Last previous edition E 9 - 89.
E = Young’s modulus,
2 Annual Book qfASTM Standards, VolO2.02.
E, = tangent modulus at the buckling stress,
3 Annual Book q/ASTM Standards, VolO3.01.
L = column length, and
4 Annual Book oJASTM Standards. Vol 15.09.
5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. C = end-fixity coefficient.
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