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ASTM D5487-98(2002)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines

Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the general procedures of using shock machines to replicate the effects of vertical drops of loaded shipping containers, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1998
ICS
55.180.10 - General purpose containers
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5487-98 - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Replaced By
ASTM D5487-98(2008) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6537-00(2021) - Standard Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing For Determination of Package Performance
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6179-20 - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4168-95(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Transmitted Shock Characteristics of Foam-in-Place Cushioning Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7386-16 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998

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ASTM D5487-98(2002) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock MachinesASTM D5487-98(2002) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
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ASTM D5487-98(2002) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5487–98 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
1
Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 shock pulse programmer—adeviceusedtocontrolthe
parameters of the shock pulse and shape of the pulse generated
1.1 This test method covers the general procedures of using
by the shock test machine.
shock machines to replicate the effects of vertical drops of
3.2.3 shock test machine drop height—the distance through
loaded shipping containers, cylindrical containers, and bags
which the carriage of the shock test machine free falls before
and sacks.
striking the shock pulse programmer.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 velocity—the rate of change of position of a body in a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified direction with respect to time, measured in inches per
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
second or metres per second.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 Shippingcontainersandtheinteriorpackagingmaterials
2
are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing,
ments
while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by
D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the
Containers
dropping surface.
D 3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of
Products, Using Shock Machines
NOTE 1—For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops,
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test
4
specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.
Packaging Components for Testing
D 5276 Test Method for DropTest of Loaded Containers by
4.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides a
Free Fall
convenient method for evaluating the ability of shipping
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
containers, interior packaging materials, and contents to with-
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
stand shocks. Simulated free-fall drop testing of package
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
systems, which have critical elements, has produced good
results where the frequency of the shock pulse is at least three
3. Terminology
times that of the package system’s natural frequency.
3.1 General terms for packaging and distribution environ-
4.2 As in most mechanical shock test procedures, fixturing
ments are found in Terminology D 996.
of the package on the shock test machine may have significant
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
influence on the test results. Typically, packages will be firmly
3.2.1 critical element—the most fragile component of the
held on the table by securing some type of cross member(s)
3
test specimen.
across the top of the package. Care should be taken that any
pressure resulting from such fixturing should be minimal,
particularly when the container being tested is corrugated or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
some other similar material.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on PhysicalTest
Methods. 4.2.1 In cases where low-acceleration, long-duration re-
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
sponses are anticipated, any fixturing can potentially influence
published as D 5487 – 98. Last previous edition D 5487 – 98.
packaged item response and can possibly alter any correlation
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Fiedler, Robert M. and Fanfu Li, A Study of the Effects of Impact Angles on the
3
Robert E. Newton, FragilityAssessment Theory and Test Procedures, U. Naval Shock Levels Experienced by Packaged Products, MTS Systems Corporation. On
Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. file at ASTM. Request RR:D10-1008.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
...

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4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materials are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing, while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the dropping surface.
Note 1: For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops, 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.4  
4.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides a convenient method for evaluating the ability of shipping containers, interior packaging materials, and contents to withstand shocks. Simulated free-fall drop testing of package systems, which have critical elements, has produced good results where the frequency of the shock pulse is at least three times that of the package system's natural frequency.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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