ASTM F2454-05(2010)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting
Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connections for sanitary sewers are regular practice necessary for the maintenance and optimal performance of the system. It is important to identify methods that use the most current compounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltration and exfiltration. It is important to minimize disruption to traffic and lessen the environmental impacts for both the municipal and private owners.
This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and seal sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portion of the lateral lines from the mainline sewer, having selected the appropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method. Television (or optical) inspection and sewer lateral connection testing are used to assess the condition and document any repairs.
This practice should not be used where mainline and lateral connections are found with longitudinally cracked pipe, structurally unsound pipe, or flattened or out of round pipe.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and sealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from the mainline sewer with appropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method. Chemical grouting is used to stop infiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage in gravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.
1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of 6 to 24 in. with 4, 5, or 6 in. diameter laterals. Larger diameter pipes with lateral connections and lines can be grouted with special packers or man-entry methods. The mainline and lateral pipes must be structurally adequate to create an effective seal.
1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing the biohazards and gases from sewage, confined spaces, pumping equipment, and related apparatus. Additional safety considerations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts should be provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating practices and procedures should describe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations covered should include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associated containers.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F2454 − 05 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Practice for
Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline
Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using
Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The infiltration of water in sanitary sewer systems through the lateral service connection and the
first few joints of the lateral below the groundwater table is a major problem for collection system
owners. The combined length of the lateral services often exceeds the length of the mainline sewers.
Often, the lateral services have been built with little or no supervision and little or no above-ground
access for monitoring and inspection.
1. Scope conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mainline sewer with appropriate chemical grouts using the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lateral packer method. Chemical grouting is used to stop
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
infiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage in
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.
1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of 6 to
2. Referenced Documents
24in.with4,5,or6in.diameterlaterals.Largerdiameterpipes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with lateral connections and lines can be grouted with special
F2304 Practice for Sealing of Sewers Using Chemical
packers or man-entry methods. The mainline and lateral pipes
Grouting
must be structurally adequate to create an effective seal.
2.2 National Association of Sewer Service Companies
1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing the
(NASSCO) Documents:
biohazards and gases from sewage, confined spaces, pumping
NASSCO Specification Guidelines Wastewater Collection
equipment, and related apparatus. Additional safety consider-
System Maintenance and Rehabilitation, 2003
ations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting of
chemical grouts should be provided by the chemical grout 3. Significance and Use
manufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating prac-
3.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connections
tices and procedures should describe in detail appropriate
for sanitary sewers are regular practice necessary for the
personal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouting
maintenance and optimal performance of the system. It is
operations. Operations covered should include the proper
important to identify methods that use the most current
storage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemical
compounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltra-
grouts, additives, and their associated containers.
tion and exfiltration. It is important to minimize disruption to
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
traffic and lessen the environmental impacts for both the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
municipal and private owners.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F36 on Technology contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally Available from NationalAssociation of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO),
approved 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2454 – 05. DOI: Inc. 11521 Cronridge Drive, Suite J, Owings Mills, MD 21117, http://
10.1520/F2454-05R10. www.nassco.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2454 − 05 (2010)
3.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and seal Request for maps or other descriptive information as to the
sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portion of the nature and location of such underground facilities or property
lateral lines from the mainline sewer, having selected the and assurance of the contractor’s ability to enter any public or
appropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method. privatelandstowhichaccessisrequiredforperformanceofthe
Television (or optical) inspection and sewer lateral connection work under the contract.
testing are used to assess the condition and document any 4.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site, including reports
repairs. preparedunderpreviouslyaccomplishedstudiesorsurveysand
other data relative to the project, such as, maps, drawings,
3.3 This practice should not be used where mainline and
construction specifications sewer system records, and so forth.
lateral connections are found with longitudinally cracked pipe,
4.1.13 Authorization, to perform work that must be per-
structurally unsound pipe, or flattened or out of round pipe.
formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.
4.1.14 Traffıc Control, by uniformed officers when the
4. Contract Responsibilities
safety of workers or the public requires such protection, or as
4.1 The lateral connection sealing contracts should define or
may be specified.
affix responsibility for, or make provisions for, the following
4.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment is
items:
available and can be delivered to the site within 48 hours.
4.1.1 Notice of Client/Owner Requirements, which are rel-
4.1.16 Submitequipmentutilizationscheduletotheowner’s
evant to, and within the scope of, work to be performed under
representative for review and approval prior to commencement
the contract.
of the project.
4.1.2 Municipal and Other Licenses and Permits, (see
4.1.17 Submitequipmentoperatingproceduresandsystems
Practice F2304) and assistance in obtaining approvals or
to the owner’s representative for review and approval prior to
consent from utilities or carriers or other persons or organiza-
commencement of the project.
tions upon whose property or authority might be impinged by
the performance of work under the contract; or a written
5. Chemical Grouts (Chemical Sealing Materials)
release from responsibility for the performance of work under
5.1 Intent—The intent of this section is to define the
the contract if and to the extent that such work is precluded by
properties that a chemical sealing material must have to
the inability to obtain approvals or consent. If working on
perform effectively in the intended application and under
private property permission from the owner’s representative,
expected field conditions. The intended application is remotely
the sewer line owner and the building department.
sealing sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portion
4.1.3 AccesstoSiteofWork,tobeprovidedtotheextentthat
of the lateral from the connection to the mainline sewer with a
the owner is legally able to do so, if unable to, a written release
lateral packer as specified in Section 12.
from responsibility for the performance of work at sites where
5.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in use
access cannot be made available.
are listed in 5.3 with the basic properties, performance
4.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewer
standards, and mix ratios, which are known to give acceptable
system, if any, if such clearance is required for performance of
performance.
work under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwise
5.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemical
provided for within the contract.
sealing materials will become available from time to time.
4.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-
Sources, manufacturers, and product names of chemical seal-
wiseprovidedforinthetechnicalspecificationsofthecontract.
ing materials will thus change, and therefore; specific sources,
4.1.6 A Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of the
manufacturers, and product names are not given.
project, and accurate manhole invert elevations when required
5.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemical
for performance of the work.
sealing materials shall be in accordance with the manufactur-
4.1.7 The Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain Pump
er’s or supplier’s, or both, recommendations.
Stations, if such becomes necessary for performance of the
work. 5.2 General—All chemical-sealing materials used in the
performance of the work specified must have the following
4.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under the
contract, with permission to use water from fire hydrants at the characteristics:
5.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must be
site of work, or other suitable designated sources within a
reasonable distance from work areas. able to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).
5.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence in
4.1.9 Disposal Area, for all materials removed from the
sewers during the performance of the work and the unencum- water without degradation.
bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiously 5.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must prevent
disposeofsuchmaterialsatalocationdesignatedbytheowner. the passage of groundwater (infiltration) through the surround-
ing soil ring, the sewer lateral connection, and the joints within
4.1.10 A Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-
modate the required vehicles, equipment, and materials for the the predetermined portion of the lateral from the lateral
connection to the mainline sewer.
period of the contract.
4.1.11 Notice to Third Parties, (such as utilities) of the 5.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible as
opposed to brittle.
contractor’s intent to perform work in an area where such
parties may have rights to underground property or facilities. 5.2.5 The cured sealant must not be biodegradable.
F2454 − 05 (2010)
TABLE 1 Maximum Depth of Flow-Television (or Optical) TABLE 2 Maximum Depth of Flow-Joint Testing/Sealing
Inspection
6 in. – 10 in. pipe 25 % of pipe diameter
12 in. – 24 in. pipe 30 % of pipe diameter
6 in. – 10 in. pipe 20 % of pipe diameter
12 in. – 24 in. pipe 25 % of pipe diameter
5.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable and
water (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaks are
resistant to the mild concentrations of acids, alkalis, and
encountered, the ratio of water being pumped may be lowered.
organics found in normal sewage.
5.3.3.2 Aliquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 %
5.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-
to 95 %, and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.
ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packaging
5.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer having a viscosity of between
must provide for worker safety and proper clean up procedures
100 and 1500 centipoise at 70°F that can be pumped through
should spillage occur.
500 ft of ⁄2-in. hose with a 1000-psi head at a flow rate of
5.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixed
1 oz/s.
must be compatible with field operations not requiring precise
5.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should have
measurements of the ingredients by field personnel.
apHof5to9.
5.2.9 Cleanup must be done without inordinate use of
5.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-
flammable or hazardous chemicals.
tered.
5.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removable
5.3.3.6 A relatively rapid viscosity increase of the
from the sewer line to correct conditions that affect the sewage
prepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly in the
flow.
first minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ratio at 50°F.
5.3 Chemical Sealing Materials—Thefollowingisageneric
5.3.3.7 Areaction(curing)thatproducesachemicallystable
listing of chemical sealing materials currently in use and the
and non-biodegradable, tough, flexible gel.
basic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each:
5.3.3.8 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, gel
5.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel:
strength, and resistance and shrinkage by the use of additives.
5.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material by
weight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryl-
6. Optional Additives
amide base material may be used to increase strength or offset
6.1 Additives enhance the performance of the chemical
dilution during injection.
sealing materials and can be used for specific applications.
5.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react in
Owner’s Representative should consult with grout manufactur-
moving water during injection.
ers to determine appropriate additives.
5.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, which
can be increased with additives.
7. Sewer Line Cleaning Procedures
5.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reaction
period. 7.1 The intent of sewer line cleaning is to remove foreign
5.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 hr. materials from the lines to obtain proper seating of the packer.
5.3.1.6 Areaction(curing),whichproducesahomogeneous, Refer to NASSCO Specification Guidelines.
chemically stable, non-biodegradable, firm, flexible gel.
8. Sewer Flow Control
5.3.1.7 Theabilitytoincreasemixviscosity,density,andgel
strength by the use of additives.
8.1 When sewer line depth of flow at the upstream manhole
5.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel:
of the section being worked on is above the maximum
5.3.2.1 Aminimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weight
allowable for television inspection, joint testing or sealing, or
in the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic base
combination thereof, the flow shall be reduced to the level
material may be used to increase strength or offset dilution
shown below by operation of pump stations, plugging, or
during injection.
blocking of the flow, or by pumping and bypassing of the flow
5.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react in
as specified in Table 1.
moving water during injection.
8.2 Depth of flow shall not exceed that shown in Table 2 for
5.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, which
the respective pipe sizes as measured in the
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