ASTM D5966-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
SCOPE
1.1 This engine lubricant test method is commonly referred to as the Roller Follower Wear Test. Its primary result, roller follower shaft wear in the hydraulic valve lifter assembly, has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go delivery since prior to 1993. It is one of the test methods required to evaluate lubricants intended to satisfy the API CG-4 performance category. This test has also been referred to as the 6.2 L Test.
1.2 The values of units used in this test method are stated in either inch-pound units or SI units and are to be regarded separately as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5966 – 99 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-
Duty Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is continually undergoing changes to reflect refinements in procedure, obsoles-
cence of parts or reagents. These changes or updates, as well as general information regarding the test
method, are issued as information letters by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). Copies of
information letters pertaining to the test method may be obtained by contacting the ASTM Test
Monitoring Center.
The test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without assistance of anyone not
associated with that laboratory. However, TMC provides reference oils and an assessment of the test
results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory will know whether their
use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking
qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement,
in connection with several military lubricant specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories which utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test
procedure which refer to the TMC.
1. Scope 1.4 A Table of Contents follows.
Section
1.1 This engine lubricant test method is commonly referred
Scope 1
to as the Roller Follower Wear Test. Its primary result, roller
Referenced Documents 2
follower shaft wear in the hydraulic valve lifter assembly, has Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go delivery
Significance and Use 5
service prior to 1993. It is one of the test methods required to
Reagents 7
evaluate lubricants intended to satisfy the API CG-4 perfor-
Guidelines on Substitution 7.1
Apparatus 6
mance category. This test has also been referred to as the 6.2 L
Preparation of Apparatus 8
Test.
New Engine Preparation 8.1
1.2 The values of units used in this test method are stated in
Installation of Auxiliary Systems 8.2
Test Procedure 9
either inch-pound units or SI units and are to be regarded
Description of Test Segments and Organization 9.1
separately as the standard.
Engine Parts Replacement 9.2
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Engine Starting Procedure 9.3
Normal Engine Shutdown Procedure 9.4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Emergency Shutdown Procedure 9.5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Unscheduled Shutdown and Downtime 9.6
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- New Engine Break-In 9.7
Pretest Procedure 9.8
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fifty-Hour Steady State Test 9.9
Periodic Measurements 9.10
1 Oil Sampling and Oil Addition Procedures 9.11
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
End of Test Procedure 9.12
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Calculation and Interpretation of Test Results 10
D02.B on Automotive Lubricants.
Environment of Parts Measurement Area 10.1
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
Roller Follower Shaft Wear Measurements 10.2
published as D 5966 – 96. Last previous edition D 5966 – 97a.
Oil Analysis 10.3
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.
Assessment of Test Validity 10.4
This edition incorporated revisions contained in all Information Letters through No.
Final Test Report 11
98-1.
Reporting Calibration Test Results 11.1
This information is available from ASTM Headquarters as a research report.
Report Forms 11.2
Request RR:D02-1218.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5966
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Interim Non-Valid Calibration Test Summary 11.3
Severity Adjustments 11.4
Spectrometry
Precision and Bias 12
D 5186 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Con-
Reference Oil Precision 12.1
tent of Diesel Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatogra-
Bias 12.3
Keywords 13
phy
ANNEXES
D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Guidelines for Test Part Substitution or Modifications A1
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
Guidelines for Units and Specification Formats A2
Detailed Specifications of Apparatus A3
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
Calibration A4
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
Final Report Forms A5
Illustrations A6 Duty Conditions
Kinematic Viscosity @ 100°C Procedure for Test Samples A7
D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Enhanced Gravimetric Analysis TGA Procedure A8
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
Sources of Materials and Information A9
Roller Follower Wear Test (RFWT) Data Dictionary A10 E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
APPENDIXES
Determine Conformance With Specifications
Ranges for Howell LSRD-4 Reference Fuel X1
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
Diagnostic Data Review X2
etry
2. Referenced Documents
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE):
2.1 ASTM Standards: SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
Classification
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
SAE J726 Air Cleaner Test Code (Includes Piezometer Ring
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Specifications)
Open Cup
4 12
2.3 American Petroleum Institute (API):
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
API 1509 Oil Licensing and Certification System
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
4 13
2.4 American National Standards Institute (ANSI):
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
MC96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
3. Terminology
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method) 3.1 Definitions:
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent 3.1.1 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, the com-
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter
Viscosity) the crankcase. D 5302
D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass 3.1.2 BTDC, adj—abbreviation for Before Top Dead Cen-
Capillary Kinematic Viscometer ter, used with the degree symbol to indicate the angular
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products position of the crankshaft relative to its position at the point of
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of uppermost travel of the piston in the cylinder.
Petroleum Products 3.1.3 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 344
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid 3.1.4 candidate oil, n—an oil which is intended to have the
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
and is tested against that specification. D 5844
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Prod-
ucts 3.1.5 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
X-Ray Spectrometry heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate
Fuels by Centrifuge 3.1.5.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-
Products, and Lubricants tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.
7 14
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils Subcommittee B Glossary
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
Variable Equation
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
These standards available only in SAE Handbook, Vol 3 or SAE Fuels and
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
Lubricants Standards Manual HS23 from Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.,
400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. DC 12005-4018.
5 13
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
7 14
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Available from Mr. J. L. Newcombe, Exxon Chemical Co., 26777 Central Park
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03. Blvd., Ste 300, Southfield, MI 48076.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5966
3.1.6 light-duty, adj— in internal combustion engine opera- 6. Apparatus
tion, characterized by average speeds, power output, and
6.1 A listing and complete description of all apparatus used
internal temperatures that are generally much lower than the
in the test is found in Annex A3. Information concerning
potential maximums. D 4485
procurement of apparatus can be found in Appendix X1.
3.1.7 light-duty engine, n— in internal combustion engine
types, one that is designed to be normally operated at substan-
7. Reagents
tially less than its peak output. D 4485
7.1 Guidelines on Substitution—No substitutions for the
3.1.8 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
reagents listed in 7.1.1-7.1.3 are allowed.
surfaces that reduces friction or wear, or both, between them.
7.1.1 Aliphatic Naphtha, acceptable from any supplier.
Subcommittee B Glossary
NOTE 1—Warning: Flammable. Health hazard. Use adequate safety
3.1.9 lubricating oil, n—a liquid lubricant, usually compris-
provisions with all solvents and cleansers.
ing several ingredients, including a major portion of base oil
and minor portions of various additives.
7.1.2 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant is a solution of
Subcommittee B Glossary demineralized water which has less than 0.03 g/kg dissolved
3.1.10 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
solids and an ethylene glycol based anti-freeze mixed at the
acteristics, used as a basis for comparison. following concentration—70 % antifreeze and 30 % water by
3.1.10.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
volume.
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or 7.1.2.1 Demineralized Water, is used as a generic term to
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
describe pure water. Deionized or distilled water may also be
oils. D 5844
used as long as the total dissolved solids content is less than
3.1.11 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
0.03 g/kg.
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
7.1.3 Fuel—Approximately 600 L of Howell LSRD-4 ref-
turbine), whether operated or not. D 4175
erence diesel fuel are required for each test.
3.1.12 wear, n—the loss of material from, or reduction of
NOTE 2—Warning: Combustible. Health hazard. Use adequate safety
material on, a surface.
provisions.
3.1.12.1 Discussion—Wear generally occurs between two
7.1.3.1 Fuel Batch Analysis—Each fuel shipment does not
surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of
need to be analyzed upon receipt from the supplier. However,
mechanical or chemical action or a combination of both.
laboratories are responsible for periodic checks for contamina-
D 5302
tion. Any analysis results for parameters tested should be
4. Summary of Test Method
within the tolerances shown on Fig. A5.19. If any results fall
outside the tolerances shown on Fig. A5.19, the laboratory
4.1 A pre-assembled GM V8 diesel test engine is installed
should contact the Test Monitoring Center (TMC) for help in
on a test stand and operated for 50 h.
resolving the problem.
4.2 The test engine operating conditions are generally more
7.1.3.2 Fuel Batch Storage—The fuel should be stored in
extreme than typical service operating conditions. These con-
accordance with all applicable safety and environmental regu-
ditions provide high soot loading and accelerated roller fol-
lations.
lower shaft wear while maintaining correlation with wear
7.1.4 Break-In Oil—Approximately 8 kg of break-in oil are
levels found in the field.
necessary for new engine break-in. Break-in oil is defined as
4.3 At the end of the test, the performance of the engine oil
any SAE 15W-40, API CG-4 quality oil.
is determined by measuring the level of wear on the roller
7.1.5 Non-Reference Test Oil—A minimum of 20 kg of new
follower shafts.
oil are required to complete the test. A 25-kg sample of new oil
5. Significance and Use
is normally provided to allow for inadvertent losses.
7.1.6 Calibration Test Oil—A 22-kg sample of reference oil
5.1 This test method is used to determine the ability of an
is provided by the TMC for each calibration test.
engine crankcase oil to control wear that can develop in the
field under low to moderate engine speeds and heavy engine
8. Preparation of Apparatus
loads. Side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in delivery
van fleets were used to demonstrate the field performance of 8.1 New Engine Preparation—Paragraphs 8.1.1 through
various oils. The specific operating conditions of this test 8.1.8 describe preparations that are only performed on a new
method were developed to provide correlation with the field engine before conducting the new engine break-in.
8.1
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