ASTM D1823-95(2001)

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given application is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.
The extrusion viscosity defines the flow behavior of a plastisol or organosol under high shear. This viscosity relates to the conditions encountered in mixing, pumping, knife coating, roller coating, and spraying processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol and organosol viscosity at high shear rates by means of an extrusion viscometer.
1.2 Apparent viscosity at low shear rates is covered in Test Method D1824.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This standard resembles ISO 4575-1985 in title only. The content is significantly different.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Mar-1995
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1823-95 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-1995
• Replaced By: ASTM D1823-95(2009) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1824-16 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at Low Shear Rates
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D1755-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-1995

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D1823–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High
Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol
2.2 ISO Standard:
and organosol viscosity at high shear rates by means of an
ISO 4575-1985: Poly Vinyl Chloride Pastes—
extrusion viscometer.
Determination of Apparent Viscosity Using the Severs
1.2 Apparent viscosity at low shear rates is covered in Test
Rheometer
Method D1824.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values in parentheses are given for information
3.1 The sample is conditioned to the proper temperature,
only.
placed into an extrusion chamber, and extruded under standard
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
conditions. The viscosity is calculated from the extrusion
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
pressure and the rate of flow through the orifice.
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4. Significance and Use
tions prior to use.
4.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given
NOTE 1—This standard resembles ISO 4575-1985 in title only. The
application is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.
content is significantly different.
4.2 The extrusion viscosity defines the flow behavior of a
plastisolororganosolunderhighshear.Thisviscosityrelatesto
2. Referenced Documents
the conditions encountered in mixing, pumping, knife coating,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
roller coating, and spraying processes.
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products
5. Apparatus
D1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
5.1 Extrusion Rheometer.
D1824 TestMethodforApparentViscosityofPlastisolsand
5.2 Orifice, 3.17 6 0.13 mm (0.125 6 0.005 in.) inside
Organosols at Low Shear Rates
diameter and 50 6 1.0 mm (1.97 6 0.04 in.) long.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.3 Sample Containers, Tin Cans, or Glass Jars, 1-pt
(500-mL) capacity.
5.4 Paper Cups, 8-oz (250-mL) capacity.
5.5 Nitrogen Cylinder,equippedwithpressureregulatorand
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.15onThermoplasticMaterials
gage.
(Section D20.15.08).
5.6 Thermometer—ASTM Solvents Distillation Thermom-
Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally
eter having a range from−2 to+52°C (28 to 126°F) and
published as D1823–61T. Last previous edition D1823–90.
This edition contains changes in Sections 1, 2, and 11 to include an ISO
equivalency statement, to reference a low shear rate test method, and to include
Keywords. DOI: 10.1520/D1823-95R01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. BurrellSevers,ModelA-120,orequivalent,hasbeenfoundsatisfactoryforthis
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. purpose.TheBurrellSevers,ModelA-120isavailablefromtheBurrellCorp.,2223
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1823–95 (2001)
Shearstress,MPa ~orpsi!5 PR/2L (1)
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 37C as
prescribed in Specification E1.
where:
5.7 Timer.
P = pressure in rheometer, MPa (or psi),
R = radius of orifice, cm (in.), and
6. Conditioning
L = length of orifice, cm (in.)
6.1 Maintain the plastisol or organosol samples at 236 1°C
21 3
Shearrate,s 54W/3.1416R DT (2)
(73 6 2 °F) and 50 6 5% relative humidity at all times after
mixing and throughout the period of viscosity determinations.
where:
W = weight of material effluxed, g,
7. Procedure
D = density of the sample, determined in accordance with
7.1 Set Up Rheometer—Attach the pressure regulator to the
Test Method D1475, except convert lb/gal to g/mL,
nitrogentank.Connectthenitrogensupplytotherheometerby
and
means of the copper tubing. Do not use oxygen or liquid
T = efflux time, s.
pressuresources(Note2).Setthethree-wayquick-actingvalve
NOTE 3—The preferred practice is to determine both the density and
totheINposition.Regulatethetankpressuretogive1.04MPa
efflux time on deaerated material. If the efflux time of undeaerated
(150 psi) pressure to the instrument. Do not use input or line
material is specifically desired, the determination of density on an
pressure over 1.38 MPa (200 psi). Insert the medium-size
undeaerated sample may also be desirable.
orifice (approximately 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.) inside diameter) in the
Viscosity,pascalseconds5~shearstress/shearrate!310
orifice retaining cap, with the orifice and the barrel, then screw
ifshearstressisinMPa. (3)
the cap solidly in place. Mount the barrel in the instrument.
Viscosity,poises5~shearstress/shearrate!36.895 310
NOTE 2—Air may be used instead of nitrogen.
ifshearstressisinpsi.
7.2 Weigh four empty paper cups for each sample to be
9. Report
tested. Record tare weight of each cup to the nearest 0.1 g. Fill
thebarrelwiththesampletobetestedtowithin13mm( ⁄2in.)
9.1 The report shall include the following:
from the top of the barrel. Measure the sample temperature.
9.1.1 Complete sample identification,
7.3 Insert the top air cap and gasket into the air cap ring,
9.1.2 Test temperature as measured in,
screwitinplaceontopofthebarrel,andconnecttheairsupply
9.1.3 Conditioning time, and
quick-connector.
9.1.4 Extrusion viscosity, in pascal seconds (or poises);
7.4 Settherheometerregulatorgage(ontherightsideofthe
shearrate,inreciprocalseconds;andshearstress,inpascals(or
instrument) to 0.069 MPa (10 psi) pressure. Open the three-
pounds-force per square inch), for each of the four pressures
way quick-acting valve to the OUTposition and allow the mix
(0.069, 0.28, 0.48, and 0.69 MPa (or 10, 40, 70, and 100 psi)).
to extrude into an unweighed paper cup for 10 s. Adjust the
NOTE 4—Ifonlyoneviscosityistobereported,reportthedataobtained
gage pressure back to 0.069 MPa (10 psi).
at 100 psi together with the shear rate and shear stress, for example:
7.5 Quicklyplaceapreweighedandlabeledpapercupunder −1
“Viscosity at a shear stress of Z psi and a shear rate of Y s = X poises.”
the nozzle and at the same time start the timer. Collect the
The most information will be gained, however, by a plot of shear rate
extrudate until approximately 50 g of sample have entered the versus shear stress and would typify a true flow curve. In all cases where
only one value is
...