ASTM D1824-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at Low Shear Rates
Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at Low Shear Rates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given application process is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.
5.2 The viscosity defines the flow behavior of a plastisol or organosol under low shear. This viscosity relates to the conditions encountered in pouring, casting, molding, and dipping processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol and organosol viscosity at low shear rates.
1.2 Apparent viscosity at high shear rates is covered in Test Method D1823.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method resembles ISO 3219-1977 in title only. The content is significantly different.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1824 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at Low
1
Shear Rates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing
and organosol viscosity at low shear rates.
Processes
1.2 Apparent viscosity at high shear rates is covered in Test
2.2 ISO Standard:
Method D1823.
ISO 3219-1977: Polymers in the Liquid, Emulsified, or
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Dispersed State—Determination of Viscosity With a Ro-
3
tational Viscometer Working at a Defined Shear Rate
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
associated with plastics issues refer to the terminology con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tained in D883.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2 For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
issues, the terms used in this test method are in accordance
NOTE 1—This test method resembles ISO 3219-1977 in title only. The
with the definitions in Terminology E456.
content is significantly different.
3.3 Definitions:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3.1 organosol, n—a suspension of a finely divided poly-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mer in a plasticizer, together with a volatile organic liquid.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.3.2 plasticizer, n—a substance incorporated in a material
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to increase its workability, flexibility, or distensibility.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.3.3 plastisol, n—a liquid suspension of a finely divided
PVC polymer or copolymer in a plasticizer.
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.4 poly(vinyl chloride), n—a polymer prepared by the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
polymerization of vinyl chloride as the sole monomer (vinyl
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
chloride content in monomer not less than 99 %).
D1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
3.3.5 viscosity, n—the property of resistance of flow exhib-
D1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and
ited within the body of a material.
Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
3.3.5.1 Discussion—In testing, the ratio of the shearing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
stress to the rate of shear of a fluid. Viscosity is usually taken
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
to mean “Newtonian viscosity,” in which case the ratio of
shearing stress to rate of shearing strain is constant. In
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
non-Newtonian behavior which is the usual case with plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materi-
materials, the ratio varies with the shearing rate. Such ratios are
als.
often called the “apparent viscosities” at the corresponding
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1824 - 16. shear rates. (See viscosity coefficient.) (IUPAC symbol: η)
DOI:10.1520/D1824-24.
(ISO)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 -----------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1824 − 16 D1824 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at Low
1
Shear Rates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol and organosol viscosity at low shear rates.
1.2 Apparent viscosity at high shear rates is covered in Test Method D1823.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method resembles ISO 3219-1977 in title only. The content is significantly different.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
D1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing Processes
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 3219-1977: Polymers in the Liquid, Emulsified, or Dispersed State—Determination of Viscosity With a Rotational
3
Viscometer Working at a Defined Shear Rate
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016April 1, 2024. Published April 2016April 2024. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
D1824 - 95D1824 - 16.(2010). DOI:10.1520/D1824-16. DOI:10.1520/D1824-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1824 − 24
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with plastics issues refer to the terminology contained in D883.
3.2 For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this test method are in accordance with the
definitions in Terminology E456.
3.3 Definitions:
3.3.1 organosol, n—a suspension of a finely divided polymer in a plasticizer, together with a volatile organic liquid.
3.3.2 plasticizer, n—a substance incorporated in a material to increase its workability, flexibility, or distensibility.
3.3.3 plastisol, n—a liquid suspension of a finely divided PVC polymer or copolymer in a plasticizer.
3.3.4 poly(vinyl chloride), n—a polymer prepared by the polymerization of vinyl chloride as the sole monomer (vinyl chloride
content in monomer not less than 99 %).
3.3.5 viscosity, n—the property of resistance of flow exhibited within the body of a material.
3.3.5.1 Discussion—
In testing, the ratio of the shearing stress to the rate of shear of a fluid. Viscosity is usually taken to mean “Newtonian viscosity,”
in which case the ratio of shearing stress to rate of shearing strain is constant. In non-Newtonian behavior which is the
...
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