ASTM D7861-14e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Biodiesel is a fuel commodity primarily used as a blending component with diesel fuel. It is important to check the concentration of biodiesel in the diesel fuel in order to make sure it is either not below the minimum allowable limit and or does not exceed the maximum allowable limit.
5.2 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) in diesel fuel oils. FAME can be quantitatively determined from 1.0 % to 30.0 % by volume. This test method uses linear variable filter (LVF) array based mid-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring FAME concentration.
Note 1: See Section 6 for a list of interferences that could affect the results produced from this method.
1.2 This test method uses a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) crystal and a univariate calibration.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D7861 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel
Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7861; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The equation for repeatability in subsection 14.1.1 was corrected editorially in December 2015.
1. Scope D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method determines fatty acid methyl esters
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
(FAME or biodiesel) in diesel fuel oils. FAME can be
Analytical Standards
quantitatively determined from 1.0 % to 30.0 % by volume.
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
This test method uses linear variable filter (LVF) array based
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
mid-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring FAME concentra-
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
tion.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
NOTE 1—See Section 6 for a list of interferences that could affect the
Measurement System Performance
results produced from this method.
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
1.2 This test method uses a horizontal attenuated total
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
reflectance (HATR) crystal and a univariate calibration.
Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
for Middle Distillate Fuels
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty
standard.
AcidMethylEsters)ContentinDieselFuelOilUsingMid
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(B6 to B20)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
tative Analysis (Withdrawn 2015)
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
2. Referenced Documents
Analysis
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
3. Terminology
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
3.1 Definitions:
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
ucts by Hydrometer Method
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
fats, designated B100.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), n—blend of biodiesel fuel with
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
diesel fuel oils.
Petroleum Products
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the abbreviation, BXX, the XX rep-
resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.1.3 diesel fuel, n—petroleum-based middle distillate fuel.
Subcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
3.1.4 univariate calibration, n—aprocess for creating a
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published February 2015. DOI:
10.1520/D7861-14E01.
calibration model in which a single measured variable, for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D7861 − 14
example, the absorbance at a particular wavelength, is corre- 6.5 This test method is not appropriate for fatty acid ethyl
lated with the concentration or property values for a set of esters (FAEE). FAEEs will cause a negative bias.
calibration samples.
7. Apparatus
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 ATR, n—attenuated total reflectance 7.1 Mid-Infrared Spectrometer:
7.1.1 LVF Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectrometer—The
3.2.2 BXX, n—see 3.1.2
type of apparatus suitable for use in this test method employs
3.2.3 FAEE, n—fa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7861 − 14 D7861 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel
Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7861; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The equation for repeatability in subsection 14.1.1 was corrected editorially in December 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) in diesel fuel oils. FAME can be quantitatively
determined from 1.0 % to 30.0 % by volume. This test method uses linear variable filter (LVF) array based mid-infrared
spectroscopy for monitoring FAME concentration.
NOTE 1—See Section 6 for a list of interferences that could affect the results produced from this method.
1.2 This test method uses a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) crystal and a univariate calibration.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
3
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis (Withdrawn 2015)
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published February 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D7861-14.10.1520/D7861-14E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7861 − 14
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,
designated B100.
3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), n—blend of biodiesel fuel with diesel fuel oils.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
In the abbreviation, BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
3.1.3 diesel fuel, n—petroleum-based middle distillate fuel.
3.1.4 univariate calibration, n—aprocess for creating a calibration model in which a single measured variable, for example, the
absorbance at a particular wavelength, is correlated with the concentration or property values for a set of calibration samples.
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 ATR, n—attenuated total reflectance
3.2
...
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