ASTM D1043-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The property measured by this test is the apparent modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between these properties is shown in Annex A1.
The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent” since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen will be deflected beyond its elastic limit, the calculated value will not always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic limit of the material. In addition, the value obtained by this test method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the material, since the load application time is arbitrarily fixed. For many materials, it is possible that there is a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the current ASTM material standards.
This test method is useful for determining the relative changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method and ISO 458-1 and ISO 458-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
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Designation: D1043 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of
1
Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiff- 4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent
ness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear
by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity. modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between
only. these properties is shown in Annex A1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent”
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen will be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. deflected beyond its elastic limit, the calculated value will not
always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO458-1 and ISO458-2 address the
limitofthematerial.Inaddition,thevalueobtainedbythistest
same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the
2. Referenced Documents material,sincetheloadapplicationtimeisarbitrarilyfixed.For
2
many materials, it is possible that there is a specification that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
D747 Test Method forApparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classi-
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
fication D4000 lists the current ASTM material standards.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
4.3 This test method is useful for determining the relative
D1053 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Stiffening at
changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
5. Apparatus
als
5.1 Testing Machine—A machine capable of exerting a
3. Terminology torque sufficient to deflect a test specimen in the range of 5 to
100° of arc, depending on the stiffness of the specimen and its
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of the technical terms per-
span. A schematic diagram of a suitable machine is shown in
taining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology
Fig. 1.
D883.
NOTE 2—Two machines of different torque capacities are being used:
one covers the range of approximately 0.0113 to 0.113 N·m (0.1 to 1.0
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
in.·lbf)andtheotherofapproximately0.113to1.81N·m(1.0to16in.·lbf)
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
orhigher.Somemachinesalsoallowvaryingthespan,whichisespecially
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
importantifshearingfailurescanoccur(asinlaminatesataspan/widthof
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1043-02. DOI:
6).
10.1520/D1043-09.
2 NOTE 3—It is acceptable to vary the amount of torque to suit the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
stiffness of the test specimen, and it is necessary to have various weights
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
available for this purpose. Determine the actual amount of torque being
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. appliedbyanygivencombinationofweights,torquewheelradii,andshaft
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1043–02 Designation: D 1043 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of
1
Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthestiffnesscharacteristicsofplasticsoverawidetemperaturerangebydirect
measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 458/1:1985 or ISO 458/2:1985 and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.
1—This test method and ISO458-1 and ISO458-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1053 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Stiffening at Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
4
D4066Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials
D4805Terminology for Plastics Standards Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of the technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this test method, seeTerminology D883or
Terminology D4805.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear modulus of
elasticity. It is important to note that this property is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in tension, flexure, or
compression. The relationship between these properties is shown in Annex A1.
4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent” since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular deflection
occurring when the specimen is subjected to an applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen maywill be deflected beyond
its elastic limit, the calculated value maywill not always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic limit of the
material. In addition, the value obtained by this test method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the material, since
theloadapplicationtimeisarbitrarilyfixed.Formanymaterials,theremaybeitispossiblethatthereisaspecificationthatrequires
the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification.
Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method.Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists
the current ASTM materialsmaterial standards.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally published as D1043–49. Last previous edition D1043–99.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1043-02.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1043–09
4.3 This test method is useful for determining the relative changes in stiffness over a w
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