ASTM D3631-99(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure
Standard Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure
SCOPE
1.1 These methods cover the measurement of atmospheric pressure with two types of barometers: the Fortin-type mercurial barometer and the aneroid barometer.
1.2 In the absence of abnormal perturbations, atmospheric pressure measured by these methods at a point is valid everywhere within a horizontal distance of 100 m and a vertical distance of 0.5 m of the point.
1.3 Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing height and varies with horizontal distance by 1 Pa/100 m or less except in the event of catastrophic phenomena (for example, tornadoes). Therefore, extension of a known barometric pressure to another site beyond the spatial limits stated in can be accomplished by correction for height difference if the following criteria are met:
1.3.1 The new site is within 2000 m laterally and 500 m vertically.
1.3.2 The change of pressure during the previous 10 min has been less than 20 Pa.
The pressure, P2 at Site 2 is a function of the known pressure P1 at Site 1, the algebraic difference in height above sea level, h1 h 2, and the average absolute temperature in the space between. The functional relationship between P1 and P2 is shown in 10.2 . The difference between P1 and P2 for each 1 m of difference between h1 and h2 is given in Table 1 and 10.4 for selected values of P1 and average temperature.
1.4 Atmospheric pressure varies with time. These methods provide instantaneous values only.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation:D3631–99 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These methods cover the measurement of atmospheric 2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressure with two types of barometers: the Fortin-type mercu- D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
rial barometer and the aneroid barometer. Atmospheres
1.2 In the absence of abnormal perturbations, atmospheric D3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-
pressure measured by these methods at a point is valid dures
everywherewithinahorizontaldistanceof100mandavertical IEEE/ASTMSI 10 Standard for Use of the International
distance of 0.5 m of the point. System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.3 Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing height
3. Terminology
and varies with horizontal distance by 1 Pa/100 m or less
3.1 Pressure for meteorological use has been expressed in a
except in the event of catastrophic phenomena (for example,
tornadoes). Therefore, extension of a known barometric pres- number of unit systems including inches of mercury, millime-
tres of mercury, millibars, and others less popular. These
sure to another site beyond the spatial limits stated in 1.2 can
be accomplished by correction for height difference if the methodswilluseonlytheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI),as
described in IEEE/ASTMSI 10.
following criteria are met:
1.3.1 The new site is within 2000 m laterally and 500 m 3.1.1 Much of the apparatus in use and being sold reads in
other than SI units, so for the convenience of the user the
vertically.
1.3.2 Thechangeofpressureduringtheprevious10minhas following conversion factors and error equivalents are given.
3.1.1.1 The standard for pressure (force per unit area) is the
been less than 20 Pa.
Thepressure,P atSite2isafunctionoftheknownpressure pascal (Pa).
2
3.1.1.2 One standard atmosphere at standard gravity
P at Site 1, the algebraic difference in height above sea level,
1
2
(9.80665 m/s ) is a pressure equivalent to:
h −h , and the average absolute temperature in the space
1 2
between. The functional relationship between P and P is 29.9213 in. Hg at 273.15 K
1 2
760.000 mm Hg at 273.15 K
shown in 10.2.The difference between P and P for each 1 m
1 2
ofdifferencebetweenh andh isgiveninTable1and10.4for 1013.25 millibars
1 2
2
14.6959 lbf/in.
selected values of P and average temperature.
1
1.4 Atmospheric pressure varies with time. These methods 101325 Pa or 101.325 kPa
3.1.1.3 1 Pa is equivalent to:
provide instantaneous values only.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 0.000295300 in. Hg at 273.15 K
0.00750062 mm Hg at 273.15 K
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 0.01000000 millibars
2
0.000145037 lbf/in.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 0.000009869 standard atmospheres
3.2 standardgravity—asadoptedbytheInternationalCom-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety mittee on Weights and Measures, an acceleration of 9.80665
2
m/s (see10.1.3).
precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir
2
Quality and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3631-99(2004). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3631-99R07. the ASTM website.
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D3631–99 (2007)
3.3 The definitions of all other terms used in these methods 6.1.2.2 Foramarineapplicationtheerroratapointmustnot
can be found in Terminology D1356 and Practice D3249. exceed 650 Pa.
6.1.3 Difference between errors over an interval of 10 000
Pa or less 630 Pa.
TABLE 1 Selected Values
6.1.4 Accuracy must not deteriorate by more than 650 Pa
Average Pressure P,Pa
1
over a period of a year.
Tempera-
110 000 100 000 90 000 80 000 70 000
ture, 6.1.5 It must be transp
...
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