ASTM D4146-96

Standard Test Method for Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex Coatings on Steel

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the formability and adhesion of factory applied zinc-rich primer/ chromate complex coatings on steel with thicknesses of 0.025 to 0.05 in. (0.65 to 1.25 mm) typical of those used in the coil coating industry.  
1.2 The degree of oil removal prior to forming, the techniques of taping, and differences in adhesive strength of the tape can affect the adhesion rating.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1995
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.53 - Coil Coated Metal

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4146-96(2003) - Standard Test Method for Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex Coatings on Steel (Withdrawn 2009)
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4146 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex
Coatings on Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 indenting ball diameter—the diameter of the
spherical-ended penetrator (ball) used to deform the specimen.
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the formability
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The 1 ⁄8-in. (41-mm) diameter ball was
and adhesion of factory applied zinc-rich primer/chromate
selected because it minimizes the variability in the localized
complex coatings on steel with thicknesses of 0.025 to 0.05 in.
peak strain. This size ball is commercially available and is as
(0.65 to 1.25 mm) typical of those used in the coil coating
large as most testing machines can accommodate.
industry.
3.1.3 percent strain—the percent elongation of scribed gage
1.2 The degree of oil removal prior to forming, the tech-
lengths after forming. For the draw height of 0.512 in. (13
niques of taping, and differences in adhesive strength of the
mm), using a 1 ⁄8-in. diameter ball, the localized peak strain is
tape can affect the adhesion rating.
about 19 % (see Fig. 1).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
hazard statement, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3330 Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-
Sensitive Tape at 180° Angle
2.2 Other Document:
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dome height—the height of the dome formed in the
test.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
Draw distance 0.512 in. (13 mm) Ball diameter 1 ⁄8 in. (41 mm)
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
FIG. 1 Survey of Strain Over Biaxially Stretched Dome
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published January 1997. Originally
e1
published as D 4146 – 83. Last previous edition D 4146 – 83 (1996) .
4. Summary of Test Method
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
4.1 A coated specimen is biaxially stretched a given dis-
Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standard are contained in the
publication Pictorial Standards of Coatings Defects and may be obtained from the
tance in an appropriate machine, adhesive tape is applied to the
Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA
deformed area (dome) and then pulled off, and the amount of
19422. The silver halide gelatin photographs are intended to be the only primary
coating removed is compared with a photographic standard to
reference standards for this test method. The reproductions of them in this test
method are for the purpose of illustration only. determine the coating adhesion rating.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D4146–96
5. Significance and Use 6.4 Upper and Lower Dies with a hardness of 56 HRC or
higher. The upper die shall have an approach radius of 0.0625
5.1 The results of the combined deformation and tape test
6 0.002 in. (1.6 6 0.05 mm). The diameter of the opening in
are related to the ability of the coated metal to withstand
the upper and lower die shall be 1.64 in. (42 mm). In most
stamping in factory applications.
machines, these dies are removable.
5.2 This test can be used to control the manufacturing
6.5 Dial Indicator, riding on the surface of the forming
process or in development work to improve the product.
sheet to monitor the movement of the penetrator (ball) and
5.3 It should be recognized that variability in the results
graduated so that the displacement, or ball height, can be
persist due to the test conditions and forming machine varia-
measured at least to 60.0025 in. (60 μm) but preferably to
tions.
60.001 in. (25 μm).
6. Apparatus and Materials (see Fig. 2) 6.6 Adhesive Tape, 1 in. (25 mm) wide, transparent, high-
tack, pressure-sensitive tape with an adhesive strength to steel
6.1 Forming Machine, equipped with a spherical-ended
of 45 oz/in. (50 g/mm) of width when tested in accordance with
penetrator to deform the specimen with appropriate dies, until
Test Method D 3330, and a tensile strength of 28 lb/in. (500
the required height is obtained, and clamping arrangement to
g/mm) of width.
hold the specimen with a minimum pressure of 2000 lbf (8.9
6.7 Photographic Standard —Steps in rating from 10
kN).
(good, no removal) to 0 (poor, complete removal) to rate
6.1.1 The speed of forming shall be between 0.2 and 1.0
visually the adhesion of the coating after forming and tape
in./min (4.8 and 25 mm/min). The speed is usually slowed to
removal by comparison with the adhesive-backed tape.
measure more accurately the final height as shown on the dial
indicator, but the final punch speed shall be controlled at 0.24
7. Hazards
in.(6 mm)/min maximum.
5 7.1 There are possible hazards to personnel when perform-
6.2 Indenting Ball, with a diameter of 1 ⁄8 in. (41 mm), a
ing tests on any hydraulic equipment. Stand free when machine
Rockwell hardness number not less than 61 on the Rockwell C
is operating.
scale (HRC), and a smooth surface finish not exceeding 160
μin. (4 μm). The indenting ball shall not deform during the test.
8. Sampling and Test Specimens
The ball and holder shall move through the centerline of the top
8.1 Sampling—The coated steel coil is cut, usually at the
and bottom dies. The ball shall be clean and free of oil, grease,
head or tail of the coil, into a sh
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