ASTM E2251-07
(Specification)Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
ABSTRACT
This specification covers liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids. The gas filling above the liquid shall be nitrogen or other suitable inert gas. The filling gas shall be chosen to have very low solubility in the thermometric fluid. The stem shall be made of suitable thermometer tubing and shall have a plain front and enamel back. The bulb shall be made of glass and the following distances between graduations and the bulb, and between graduations and enlargements in the capillary, are minimum limits acceptable. All graduation lines, figures, and letters shall be clearly defined, suitably colored, and permanent. The width and the sharpness of the graduation lines shall be designed in accordance with necessary space between the graduations and the desired accuracy of interpolation. The middle of the graduation line shall be accurately determinable. In addition, the graduation lines shall be straight, of uniform width, and perpendicular to the axis of the thermometer. On partial immersion thermometers an immersion line shall be permanently marked on the front of the thermometer at the distance above the bottom of the bulb as specified. The immersion inscription shall be written in capital letters and abbreviated. The terminal number shall be in full when there are one or more numbered graduations between it and the next full number. The special inscription specified shall be marked on the thermometer in capital letters and Arabic numbers without the use of periods.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids defined in this standard.
1.2 This standard specifies liquid-in-glass thermometers graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are frequently identified and used in methods under the jurisdiction of the various technical committees within ASTM. The current approved thermometers are listed in Table 1.
1.3 The technical requirements for the thermometric liquids used in the thermometers in Table 1 are specified in Annex A1. Tests for conformity to the technical requirements are also found in Annex A1.
Note 1—It has been found by experience that ASTM Thermometers, although developed in general for specific tests, may also be found suitable for other applications, thus precluding the need for new thermometer specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is suggested that technical committees contact E20.05 before choosing a currently designated thermometer for a new method to be sure the thermometer will be suitable for the intended application.
1.4 For full rationale, see Appendix X1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation: E2251 – 07
Standard Specification for
Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
1
Precision Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify liquid-in-glass
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids
as a Reference Temperature
defined in this standard.
1.2 This standard specifies liquid-in-glass thermometers
3. Terminology
graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology
frequentlyidentifiedandusedinmethodsunderthejurisdiction
E344 apply.
of the various technical committees withinASTM. The current
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
approved thermometers are listed in Table 1.
3.2.1 bulb length, n—the distance from the bottom of the
1.3 The technical requirements for the thermometric liquids
bulb to the junction of the bulb and the stem tubing.
used in the thermometers in Table 1 are specified inAnnexA1.
3.2.2 contraction chamber, n—an enlargement of the cap-
Tests for conformity to the technical requirements are also
illary, located below the main scale or between the main scale
found in Annex A1.
and the auxiliary scale, that serves to reduce the scale length or
NOTE 1—It has been found by experience that ASTM Thermometers,
to prevent contraction of all the liquid column into the bulb.
although developed in general for specific tests, may also be found
3.2.3 diameter, n—the largest outside dimension of the
suitable for other applications, thus precluding the need for new thermom-
glass tubing as measured with a ring gage.
eter specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is
3.2.4 expansion chamber, n—an enlargement at the top of
suggested that technical committees contact E20.05 before choosing a
the capillary to provide protection against breakage caused by
currently designated thermometer for a new method to be sure the
thermometer will be suitable for the intended application.
excessive gas pressure.
3.2.5 faden thermometer, n—a thermometer with a long,
1.4 For full rationale, see Appendix X1.
thin bulb used to determine emergent stem temperatures.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.6 interval error, n—the deviation of the nominal value
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a temperature interval from its true value; either for the total
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
range (total interval) or for a part of the range (partial interval).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.7 low-hazard liquid, n—a liquid that is biodegradable,
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
non-hazardous and considered non-toxic in thermometer quan-
2. Referenced Documents tities.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to determine the
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
suitability of a liquid for this standard. In marking the thermometer with
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther- theASTMdesignationthemanufacturerisconfirmingthattheliquidinthe
thermometer is non-hazardous as defined by current OSHA(Occupational
mometers
Safety and Health Administration) standards and non-toxic in thermom-
eter quantities per current definitions of the United States Environmental
1 Protection Agency.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
3.2.8 thermometric liquid, n—the liquid in a liquid-in-glass
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
thermometer that indicates the value of temperature.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published Janaury 2008. Originally
3.2.9 top of the thermometer, n—the top of the finished
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2251–03s. DOI:
10.1520/E2251-07.
instrument.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.10 total length, n—the distance from the bottom of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bulb to the top of the finished thermometer, including any
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. special finish at the top.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2251–03a Designation: E 2251 – 07
Standard Specification for
Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
1
Precision Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers using low hazard thermometric liquids
defined in this standard.
1.2 This standard specifies liquid-in-glass thermometers graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are frequently
identified and used in methods under the jurisdiction of the various technical committees within ASTM. The current approved
thermometers are listed in Table 1.
1.3 ThetechnicalrequirementsforthethermometricliquidsusedinthethermometersinTable1arespecifiedinAnnexA1.Tests
for conformity to the technical requirements are also found in Annex A1.
NOTE 1—It has been found by experience that ASTM Thermometers, although developed in general for specific tests, may also be found suitable for
other applications, thus precluding the need for new thermometer specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is suggested that technical
committees contact E20.05 before choosing a currently designated thermometer for a new method to be sure the thermometer will be suitable for the
intended application.
1.4 For full rationale, see Appendix X1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E 563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E 344 apply.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bulb length, n—the distance from the bottom of the bulb to the junction of the bulb and the stem tubing.
3.2.2 contraction chamber, n—an enlargement of the capillary, located below the main scale or between the main scale and the
auxiliary scale, that serves to reduce the scale length or to prevent contraction of all the liquid column into the bulb.
3.2.3 diameter, n—the largest outside dimension of the glass tubing as measured with a ring gage.
3.2.4 expansion chamber, n—an enlargement at the top of the capillary to provide protection against breakage caused by
excessive gas pressure.
3.2.5 faden thermometer, n—a thermometer with a long, thin bulb used to determine emergent stem temperatures.
3.2.6 interval error, n—thedeviationofthenominalvalueofatemperatureintervalfromitstruevalue;eitherforthetotalrange
(total interval) or for a part of the range (partial interval).
3.2.7 low-hazard liquid, n—a liquid that is biodegradable, non-hazardous and considered non-toxic in thermometer quantities.
NOTE 2—It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to determine the suitability of a liquid for this standard. In marking the thermometer with the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05on
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2003.2007.PublishedNovmeber2003.Janaury2008.Originallyapprovedin2003.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asE 2251–03s.
2
Wise, J. NIST Publication 250-23. Liquid-in-glass thermometer calibration service, 1988:82. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E2251–07
ASTM designation the manufacturer is confirming that the liquid in the thermometer is non-hazardous as defined by current OSHA(Occu
...
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