ASTM E711-87(2004)

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2004)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The calorific value, or heat of combustion, is a measure of the energy available from a fuel. Knowledge of this value is essential in assessing the commercial worth of the fuel and to provide the basis of contract between producer and user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gross calorific value of a prepared analysis sample of solid forms of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) by the bomb calorimeter method.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific cautionary and precautionary statements see 6.10 and Section 8.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 27-Aug-1987
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E711 – 87 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb
1
Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 calorific value—the heat of combustion of a unit
quantityofasubstance.Itmaybeexpressedinjoulespergram
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gross
(J/g), British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb), or calories per
calorific value of a prepared analysis sample of solid forms of
gram (cal/g) when required.
refuse-derived fuel (RDF) by the bomb calorimeter method.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—The unit equivalents are as follows:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 Btu (International Table)=1055.06 absolute joules
1 Calorie (International Table)=4.1868 absolute joules
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 Btu/lb=2.326 J/g
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.8 Btu/lb=1.0 cal/g
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
cautionary and precautionary statements see 6.10 and Section 3.1.2 gross calorific value—the heat produced by combus-
tion of a unit quantity of solid fuel, at constant volume, in an
8.
oxygen bomb calorimeter under specified conditions such that
2. Referenced Documents
all water in the products remains in liquid form.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.3 net calorific value—a lower value calculated from the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water gross calorific value. It is equivalent to the heat produced by
D3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis combustion of a unit quantity of solid fuel at a constant
Sample of Coal and Coke pressure of one atmosphere, under the assumption that all
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers water in the products remains in the form of vapor.
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe- 3.2.1 calorimeter—describes the bomb, the vessel with
3
cialty Chemicals stirrer, and the water in which the bomb is immersed.
E775 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in theAnalysis Sample 3.2.2 energy equivalent—the energy required to raise the
of Refuse-Derived Fuel temperature (Note 2) of the calorimeter system 1°C (or 1°F)
E790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse- pergramofsample.Thisisthenumberthatismultipliedbythe
Derived Fuel Analysis Sample corrected temperature rise in degrees and divided by the
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) sample weight in grams to give the gross calorific value after
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Laboratory Samples for Analysis thermochemical corrections have been applied.
NOTE 2—Temperature change is measured in thermal units. Tempera-
3. Terminology
ture changes may also be recorded in electromotive force, ohms, or other
3.1 Definitions:
units when other types of temperature sensors are used. Consistent units
must be used in both the standardization and actual calorific determina-
tion. Time is expressed in minutes. Weights are measured in grams.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
3.2.3 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 on
Municipal Recovery and Reuse (Disbanded 06/09).
fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be
4
Current edition approved Aug. 28, 1987. Published October 1987. DOI:
prepared are defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
10.1520/E0711-87R04.
2 RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
only bulky wastes removed.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832,ASTM, 1983,
on www.astm.org. p. 72.
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E711 – 87 (2004)
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or temperature to equal that of the calorimeter for adiabatic
without ferrous metal separation. operation.Itshallbeconstructedsothatanywaterevaporating
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle from the j
...