ASTM F942-18(2023)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is intended for use by material suppliers, aircraft transparent enclosure fabricators, airframe manufacturers, government agencies, and others that may become involved in the testing of transparent interlayer materials. These test methods provide data on both individual interlayer materials and material combinations commonly used in the fabrication of aerospace transparent enclosures and provide a means of evaluating the performance of one interlayer material against another.
3.2 Primary characteristics and their long-term stability are critical to the performance of an interlayer material. Basic tests define the as-manufactured material characteristics of the interlayer material. Aging procedures provide for representative exposure to environments that induce changes in material characteristics. Tests performed before and after ageing exposure provide a means of estimating the potential useable life-span of an interlayer material or to compare the durability of one interlayer material with another.
3.3 When employing these test methods for the comparison of interlayer materials after exposure to selected environmental conditions, the user shall be aware that many factors influencing degradation due to weathering vary from one location and exposure period to another location and exposure period. For direct weathering comparisons, the interlayer materials to be compared shall be subjected to the exposure and have the tests performed at the same time. It is emphasized that the test values obtained under these simultaneously applied conditions are for comparative use and their use as design characteristics shall be made with caution.
3.4 The test methods listed include those considered critical to the performance of aircraft transparent enclosures. The user is advised to use the latest revision of any test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods available for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent enclosures.
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical properties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its particular application.
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section 2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be applied to interlayer materials.
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: F942 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for
Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes made in 3.2 in June 2023.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods avail- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
able for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
enclosures. the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass,
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are
at Commercial Power Frequencies
basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical prop-
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
erties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a
tic Elastomers—Tension
fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent
D542 Test Method for Index of Refraction of Transparent
entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate
Organic Plastics
different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expan-
material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its
Silica Dilatometer
particular application.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
applied to interlayer materials.
of Transparent Plastics
D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic
design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D1045 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Plasticizers
the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.
Used in Plastics
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Temperature
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1824 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Organosols at Low Shear Rates
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ness
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(Withdrawn 2018)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D2857 Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on Transparent contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Enclosures and Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F942 – 18. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F0942-18R23E01. www.astm.org.
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