ASTM D3441-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil (Withdrawn 2014)
Standard Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil (Withdrawn 2014)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method supplies data on selected engineering properties of soil intended to help with design and construction of earthworks and the foundations for structures.
This test method tests the soil in place and does not obtain soil samples. The interpretation of the results from this test method requires knowledge of the types of soil penetrated. Engineers usually obtain this soil information from parallel borings and soil sampling methods, but prior information or experience may preclude the need for borings.
Engineers often correlate the results of tests by this test method with laboratory or other types of field tests or directly with performance. The applicability and validity of such correlations will vary with the type of soil involved. In addition, engineers usually rely on local experience to judge the applicability and validity of such correlations.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of end bearing and side friction, the components of penetration resistance that are developed during the steady slow penetration of a pointed rod into soil. This test method is sometimes referred to as the Dutch Cone Test or Cone Penetration Test and is often abbreviated as CPT.
1.2 This test method includes the use of mechanical cone and friction-cone penetrometers. It does not include the use of electric and electronic cones or data interpretation.
1.2.1 The use of electric and electronic cones is covered in Test Method D 5778.
1.3 Mechanical penetrometers of the type described in this test method operate incrementally, using a telescoping penetrometer tip, resulting in no movement of the push rods during the measurement of the resistance components. Design constraints for mechanical penetrometers preclude a complete separation of the end-bearing and side-friction components.
1.4 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of end bearing and side friction, the components of penetration resistance that are developed during the steady slow penetration of a pointed rod into soil.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this test method was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3441 − 05
StandardTest Method for
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Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method covers the determination of end bear-
D5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezo-
ing and side friction, the components of penetration resistance
cone Penetration Testing of Soils
that are developed during the steady slow penetration of a
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2.2 Other Standards:
pointed rod into soil. This test method is sometimes referred to
as the Dutch Cone Test or Cone Penetration Test and is often USBRD7020 PerformingConePenetrationTestingofSoils-
Mechanical Method
abbreviated as CPT.
1.2 This test method includes the use of mechanical cone
3. Terminology
and friction-cone penetrometers. It does not include the use of
electric and electronic cones or data interpretation. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cone, n—the cone-shaped point of the penetrometer
1.2.1 The use of electric and electronic cones is covered in
tip, upon which the end-bearing resistance develops.
Test Method D5778.
3.1.2 cone penetrometer, n—an instrument in the form of a
1.3 Mechanical penetrometers of the type described in this
cylindrical rod with a conical point designed for penetrating
test method operate incrementally, using a telescoping pen-
soil and soft rock and for measuring the end-bearing compo-
etrometertip,resultinginnomovementofthepushrodsduring
nent of penetration resistance.
the measurement of the resistance components. Design con-
straints for mechanical penetrometers preclude a complete
3.1.3 cone resistance, or end-bearing resistance q ,n—the
c
separation of the end-bearing and side-friction components.
resistance to penetration developed by the cone equal to the
vertical force applied to the cone divided by its horizontally
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
projected area.
regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which
3.1.4 cone sounding, n—the entire series of penetration tests
are provided for information only and are not considered performed at one location when using a cone penetrometer.
standard.
3.1.5 friction-cone penetrometer, n—a cone penetrometer
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the with the additional capability of measuring the local side
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
friction component of penetration resistance.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 friction cone sounding, n—the entire series of penetra-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion tests performed at one location when using a friction cone
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
penetrometer.
3.1.7 friction ratio, R,n—the ratio of friction resistance to
f
2. Referenced Documents
cone resistance, f /q , expressed in percent.
s c
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The friction ratio for mechanical pen-
etrometers is not comparable to the friction ratio measured by
electronic or electrical penetrometer (Test Method D5778).
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
Users should verify that the application of empirical correla-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
tions such as those predicting soil type from R are for the
f
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
correct penetrometer.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D3441 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/D3441-05.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM International Reference Test Procedure for the Cone Penetration Test (CPT),
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Proceedings of the First International Symposium for Penetration Testing,DeRuiter,
the ASTM website. ed., Blakema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 6191 8014, 1988.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3441 − 05
3.1.8 friction resistance, f ,n—the res
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