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ASTM D3087-91(2009)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for evaluating performance of commercially available anion-exchange materials regardless of the basic strength of the ion exchange groups. When previous operating history is known, a good interpretation of resin fouling or malfunction can be obtained by comparison against a reference sample of unused ion-exchange material evaluated in the same way.
While resistivity has been chosen as the preferred analytical method for defining the exhaustion end point, with titration as the alternative, it is understood that observation of pH during rinse and the service run can yield useful information. The variations in pH observed with an ion exchange material suspected of having degraded, can be helpful in interpretation of performance when compared with similar data for a reference sample of unused material exhausted in the same way.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating capacity of anion-exchange materials when used for the removal of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid from water. It is designed to simulate operating conditions for strong acid removal and is intended for use in testing both new and used materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2009
ICS
71.100.40 - Surface active agents
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3087-91(2004) - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D3087-17 - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5217-17 - Standard Guide for Detection of Fouling and Degradation of Particulate Ion Exchange Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2009

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ASTM D3087-91(2009) - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid RemovalASTM D3087-91(2009) - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal
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ASTM D3087-91(2009) - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3087 − 91 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for
1
Strong Acid Removal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3087; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sample in the form of a bed in a transparent column. The
exhaustion medium used is an ion-exchange test water.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oper-
ating capacity of anion-exchange materials when used for the
5. Significance and Use
removal of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid from water. It is
designed to simulate operating conditions for strong acid
5.1 Thistestmethodcanbeusedforevaluatingperformance
removal and is intended for use in testing both new and used
of commercially available anion-exchange materials regardless
materials.
of the basic strength of the ion exchange groups. When
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
previous operating history is known, a good interpretation of
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for resin fouling or malfunction can be obtained by comparison
information only.
against a reference sample of unused ion-exchange material
evaluated in the same way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 While resistivity has been chosen as the preferred
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
analytical method for defining the exhaustion end point, with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
titration as the alternative, it is understood that observation of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pH during rinse and the service run can yield useful informa-
tion. The variations in pH observed with an ion exchange
2. Referenced Documents
material suspected of having degraded, can be helpful in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interpretationofperformancewhencomparedwithsimilardata
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
for a reference sample of unused material exhausted in the
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
same way.
tivity of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6. Apparatus
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2687 PracticesforSamplingParticulateIon-ExchangeMa-
6.1 Test Assembly (see Fig. 1), consisting of the following:
terials
6.1.1 Column, transparent, vertically supported, 25.4 6
2.5-mm (1.0 6 0.1-in.) inside diameter and approximately 1.5
3. Terminology
m (60 in.) long. The bottom of the column shall be closed and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1
provided with an outlet of approximately 6-mm ( ⁄4-in.) inside
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
diameter. Connections shall be provided at the top and bottom
4. Summary of Test Method
for the admission and removal of the solutions described in
Section 7. Adequate means for measuring and regulating the
4.1 The test method consists of repeated cycles of
flow shall also be provided. The column shall be calibrated in
backwash, base regeneration, rinse, and exhaustion of the
suchamannerthatthevolumereadingsrequiredbythemethod
can be made (see Section 9). All measurements shall be made
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion at 25 6 5°C.
Exchange Materials.
6.1.2 Support the sample at least 50 mm (2 in.) above the
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
bottomofthecolumnoutletusingquartz,gravel,glassbeadsor
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3087 – 91 (2004).
1 1
DOI: 10.1520/D3087-91R09.
other material from 1.5 to 3.5 mm ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.) in diameter,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
insoluble in the reagents used, and retained on a corrosion-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
resistant screen. However, other supports may be used at the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. discretion of the interested parties.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3087 − 91 (2009)
7.5 Base Regenerants:
7.5.1 For Weak Base Ion-Exchange Materials:
7.5.1.1 Ammonium Hydroxide (40gNH /L)—Dilute 155
3
mL of ammonium hydroxide (NH OH sp gr 0.90) to 1 L with
4
water. The solution should be freshly prepared to av
...

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ASTM D7742-17(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates (NPnEO, 3 ≤ n ≤ 18) and Octylphenol Polyethoxylates (OPnEO, 2 ≤ n ≤ 12) in Water by Single Reaction Monitoring (SRM) Liquid Chromatography/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

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9.1 Cation exchange materials are frequently used in the sodium form to exchange divalent and trivalent ions in the influent water for sodium ions on the resin sites. This process is commonly referred to as softening water since it removes those ions that form a “hard” curd of insoluble salts with the fatty acids used in some soaps and that also precipitate when water is boiled. In such a process, sodium chloride is used as the regenerant to return the cation-exchanging groups to the sodium form.  
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7.1 The ionic form of an ion-exchange material affects both its equivalent mass and its equilibrium water content. These in turn influence the numerical values obtained in exchange capacity determinations, in density measurements, and in the size of the particles. To provide a uniform basis for comparison, therefore, the sample should be converted to a known ionic form before analysis. This procedure provides for the conversion of cation-exchange materials to the sodium form and anion-exchange materials to the chloride form prior to analysis. These forms are chosen since they permit samples to be weighed and dried without concern for air contamination or decomposition. If other ionic forms are used this fact should be noted in reporting the results.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used for evaluating performance of commercially available anion-exchange materials regardless of the basic strength of the ion exchange groups. When previous operating history is known, a good interpretation of resin fouling or malfunction can be obtained by comparison against a reference sample of unused ion-exchange material evaluated in the same way.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use  
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4.2 By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used.  
4.3 These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange
Resin, Hydroxide Form  
7 to 15    
Test Method B—Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange
Resin, Hydrogen Form  
16 to 24  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off