ASTM E1317-19

Standard Test Method for Flammability of Surface Finishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of the flammable performance of surface finish materials.  
5.2 A specimen of the surface finish of concern is mounted on the support material contemplated for use and subjected to a controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.  
5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a vertical plane.  
5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:  
5.4.1 Specimens having surface veneers, fabrics, or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.  
5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lower exposed surface.  
5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated and air backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper) surface of the material.  
5.4.4 Floor finish and flooring materials are tested on the upper exposed surface.  
5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation materials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.  
5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate to the flammability of the specimens tested. These include ignitability, heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux at extinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-exposure conditions applied.  
5.6 This test method does not provide:  
5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finish materials supported by backing materials other than those tested.  
5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials when used in other thicknesses than those tested.  
5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as a measure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimens tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior of surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishes intended for use as surfacing materials and ceiling veneers including any adhesives used to fasten the veneers to ceilings, paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.  
Note 1: This test method was originally developed to closely follow the test procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1).2 ISO 5658-2 also describes similar test equipment. The test procedure used by IMO for regulation of surface finishes is IMO 2010 FTP Code Part 5 (2), which has replaced IMO Resolution A.653(16).  
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately interpreted, are potentially useful to select materials and surface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread of fire.  
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barr...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2019
• ICS: 47.020.10 - Hulls and their structure elements
• Technical Committee: E05 - Fire Standards
• Drafting Committee: E05.22 - Surface Burning

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1317-12 - Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM E176-24 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E84-23d - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM E648-23 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM E970-23 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM E84-23c - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM E648-19a - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM E648-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM E648-19 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM E84-19b - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM E84-19a - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM E84-19 - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM E176-18a - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM E1321-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM E84-18b - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018

Overview

ASTM E1317-19: Standard Test Method for Flammability of Surface Finishes provides a recognized procedure for evaluating the flammability characteristics of surface finish materials. Developed by ASTM International, this test method focuses on materials applied to noncombustible substrates, especially in marine and shipbuilding environments. It determines critical fire properties such as ignitability, heat release, and critical flux at extinguishment under controlled radiant-flux exposure.

This standard is designed for practical assessment of fire behavior, offering guidance for material selection to limit fire growth and spread. While it delivers valuable fire response data for surface finishes, it is important for users to note that it does not by itself establish a fire hazard or risk classification under real-world conditions.

Key Topics

• Flammability Evaluation: Assesses how surface finishes ignite, burn, and self-extinguish when exposed to radiant heat in a vertical orientation.
• Tested Surfaces: Includes surface veneers, fabrics, painted finishes, ceiling finishes (including perforated and air-backed), flooring, and finishes on insulation materials.
• Fire Performance Metrics: Reports ignitability, sustained burning, heat release rates, and critical flux at extinguishment, offering key data for fire safety considerations.
• Controlled Test Environment: Specifies the use of a vertical mounting and exposure to significant radiant-flux for realistic, standardized testing conditions.
• Limitations: Results apply to specimens tested under prescribed configurations and thicknesses, and do not provide fire risk or hazard classifications for materials used in other constructions or thicknesses.

Applications

• Marine and Shipbuilding: Primarily applied to evaluate the flammability of surface finishes used in ship decks, bulkheads, ceilings, and insulation treatments, ensuring compliance with international maritime fire safety codes.
• Building Materials: Utilized for paints, adhesives, veneers, and finishes intended for installation on noncombustible substrates, including ceilings and floors.
• Material Selection: Helps architects, builders, and ship outfitters choose surface finishes which demonstrate favorable fire properties, enhancing overall fire safety and compliance.
• Quality Assurance: Manufacturers rely on this standard for product development, certification, and quality control of surface finishes destined for regulated environments.
• Benchmarking for Regulatory Compliance: Used as a reference in meeting the requirements of regulations and codes, including those set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and similar bodies.

Related Standards

For broader fire testing and classification of building and marine materials, the following standards are closely related to ASTM E1317-19:

• ISO 5658-2: Reaction to fire tests-Lateral flame spread on building and transport products.
• IMO 2010 FTP Code Part 5: International code used for regulation of surface finishes on marine vessels.
• ASTM E84: Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.
• ASTM E162: Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source.
• ASTM E648: Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems.
• ASTM E970: Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation.
• ASTM E1321: Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties.
• ASTM E176: Terminology of Fire Standards.

Practical Value

Adopting ASTM E1317-19 ensures a consistent, reproducible approach to evaluating the fire response of surface finishes, directly supporting fire safety in marine and noncombustible construction applications. This standard helps limit the rapid spread of fire through informed material selection, aligns with global codes, and supports regulatory compliance, making it a critical resource for professionals engaged in fire risk management, product certification, and material performance assurance in safety-critical industries.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1317 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Surface Finishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior
For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
ofsurfacefinishesusedonnoncombustiblesubstrates(Note1).
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
In particular, these include surface finishes intended for use as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
surfacing materials and ceiling veneers including any adhe-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sivesusedtofastentheveneerstoceilings,paints,andexposed
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
treatment of insulating materials.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 1—This test method was originally developed to closely follow
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the test procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1). ISO 5658-2 also
describes similar test equipment. The test procedure used by IMO for
2. Referenced Documents
regulationofsurfacefinishesisIMO2010FTPCodePart5 (2),whichhas
replaced IMO Resolution A.653(16).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are
Building Materials
intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately
E162Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
interpreted, are potentially useful to select materials and
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
surfacetreatmentsthatwilllimittherapidgrowthandspreadof
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
fire.
E648Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.
E970TestMethodforCriticalRadiantFluxofExposedAttic
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1321Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and
standard.
Flame Spread Properties
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
CFR Title 46,Part 164.009, Noncombustible Materials
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
2.3 ISO Standard:
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
ISO 5658-2Reaction to fire tests – Spread of flame-Part 2:
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
Lateral spread on building and transport products in
actual fire conditions.
vertical configuration
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
3. Terminology
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in
this test method, refer to Terminology E176.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Burning. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 15, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1317–12. DOI: Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
10.1520/E1317-19. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
2 5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
this standard. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1317 − 19
3.2.1 compensating thermocouple, n—a thermocouple for 5. Significance and Use
the purpose of generating an electrical signal representing
5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of the
long-term changes in the stack metal temperatures wherein a
flammable performance of surface finish materials.
fraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signal
5.2 Aspecimen of the surface finish of concern is mounted
developed by the stack-gas thermocouples.
on the support material contemplated for use and subjected to
3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n—a flux level at the
a controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.
specimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthest
5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a vertical
advance and subsequent self-extinguishment of the flame on
plane.
the centerline of a specimen.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The flux reported is based on calibra-
5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:
tion tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.
5.4.1 Specimens having surface veneers, fabrics, or painted
finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.
3.2.3 dummy specimen—a noncombustible insulating board
used for standardizing the operating condition of the equip- 5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lower
ment.
exposed surface.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The dummy specimen is mounted in 5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated and
the apparatus in the position of the test specimen and removed
air backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper)
only when a test specimen is to be inserted. surface of the material.
5.4.4 Floor finish and flooring materials are tested on the
3.2.4 fume stack—a box-like duct with thermocouples and
upper exposed surface.
baffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burning
5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation mate-
specimenpass,whosepurposeistopermitmeasurementofthe
rials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.
heat release from the burning specimen.
5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate to
3.2.5 heat for ignition—the product of time from initial
the flammability of the specimens tested. These include
specimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mm
ignitability,heatexposureforcontinuedburning,criticalfluxat
positionandthefluxlevelatthisposition,thelatterobtainedin
extinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-
prior calibration of the apparatus.
exposure conditions applied.
3.2.6 heat for sustained burning—the product of time from
5.6 This test method does not provide:
initial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front,
and the incident flux level at that same location as measured 5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finish
with a dummy specimen during calibration. materials supported by backing materials other than those
tested.
3.2.7 measured heat release of specimen—theobservedheat
5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials when
release under the variable flux field imposed on the specimen
used in other thicknesses than those tested.
and measured as defined by this test method.
5.6.3 Methodsforusingthefirepropertymeasurementsasa
3.2.8 mirror assembly—a mirror, marked and aligned with
measure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimens
the viewing rakes, used as an aid in quickly identifying and
tested.
tracking the flame front progress.
3.2.9 reverberatory wires—a wire mesh located in front of,
6. Apparatus
but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat source
6.1 Dummy Specimens and Backing Boards:
which serves to enhance the combustion efficiency and in-
6.1.1 This test method requires the use of a dummy speci-
crease the radiance of the panel.
men of insulating board in several instances during both
3.2.10 viewing rakes—a set of bars with wires spaced at
calibration and testing. The dummy specimen shall be an
50-mm intervals for the purpose of increasing the precision of
insulatingboard,20 65mminthickness,withadensityof750
timing the flame front progress along the specimen.
6 100 kg/m and complying with the criteria for noncombus-
tible materials in accordance with 46 CFR 164.009.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.1.2 Forthepurposeofthistestmethod,backingboardsare
insulation boards of 750 6 100 kg/m density that meet the
4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flamma-
criteria for noncombustible materials in accordance with 46
bilitycharacteristicsof155by800-mmspecimensinavertical
CFR 164.009.
orientation.Thespecimensareexposedtoagradedradiant-flux
6.1.3 In order to standardize the operating conditions of the
field supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are provided
testequipment,adummyspecimenshallbemountedinthetest
for observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishment
apparatusinthepositionofthetestspecimenandremovedonly
of flame along the length of the specimen as well as for
when a test specimen is inserted (see 6.2.7).
measuring the compensated millivolt signal of the stack gas
thermocouples as the burning progresses. Results are reported 6.1.4 Use as a special calibration dummy specimen (see
intermsofheatforignition,heatforsustainedburning,critical section 9), a dummy specimen as described in Fig. 1 and
fluxatextinguishment,andheatreleaseofthespecimenduring meetingtherequirementsofsection6.1.1,forcalibrationofthe
burning. flux gradient along the test specimen.
E1317 − 19
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimeters.
FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient Calibration
FIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front View(continued)
6.2 Test Equipment—Figs. 2-6 show photographs of the
equipment as assembled ready for test. Brief parts list for the
test equipment assembly includes:
1—Specimen support frame
2—Specimen holder
3—Flame-front viewing mirror
4—Viewing rake
5—Radiation pyrometer
6—Radiant panel assembly
7—Viewing rake for horizontal specimen not used in this test
method
FIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion Frame
6.2.1 Main Frame(seeFig.2(a)andFig.2(b)consistingof
two separate sections; the burner frame and the specimen
support frame. These two units are bolted together with
threaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.
6.2.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of the
specimen during test.At least two of these are required. Using
three of these will prevent delays resulting from required
cooling of holders prior to mounting specimens.
6.2.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheet
steel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete with
gasandstack-metalcompensatingthermocouples(alsoseeFig.
5).
6.2.4 Radiant Panel (3) (see Fig. 4) shall have heated
surface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panel
FIG. 2 (a) General View of the Apparatus consists of an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.
E1317 − 19
FIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy Specimen
6.2.5 Air and Fuel Supply—An air and fuel supply to
support combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flow
metering device, gas-control valves, pressure reducer, and
safety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Require-
ments are summarized as follows:
6.2.5.1 A regulated air supply of about 30 m /h [108 000
m /s] at a pressure sufficient to overcome the friction loss
through the line, metering device, and radiant panel. The
radiant panel pressure drop amounts to only a few millimetres
of water.
6.2.5.2 In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the air
line, set this flow rate by holding a lighted match with its axis
FIG. 5 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment Showing
horizontal and close to the panel tile face. The match flame
Specimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack Thermocouple As-
shall not deviate more than 10° from the vertical.
sembly
6.2.5.3 The fuel gas used shall be either natural gas or
methane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain a
6.3.1 Total Radiation Pyrometer—This instrument shall be
constant supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either by
compensated for its temperature variation and shall have a
a manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer. The
sensitivitybetweenthethermalwavelengthsof1and9µmthat
venturi mixer will allow control of the flux level of the panel
isnominallyconstantandshallviewacentrallylocatedareaon
by adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include an
theradiantpanelofabout150by300mm.Theinstrumentshall
electrically operated shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in the
be rigidly mounted on the specimen support frame in such a
event of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss of
manner that it will be directed at the radiant panel surface
heatattheburnersurface.Thefuelgasflowrequirementsshall
oriented for specimens in the vertical positions.
be 1.0 to 3.7 m /h at a pressure sufficient to overcome pressure
6.3.2 Heat Fluxmeters—It is desirable to have at least two
losses.
fluxmetersforthistestmethod.Theyshallbeofthethermopile
6.2.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack, 2
type with a sensitivity of approximately 10 mV at 50 kW/m
flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror are
andcapableofoperationatthreetimesthisrating.Oneofthese
allassembledonthespecimensupportframe.Thearrangement
shall be retained as a laboratory reference standard.They shall
ofpartsonthisframeisevidentinFig.2(a),Fig.2(b),andFig.
have been calibrated to an accuracy of 65% or better. The
3.
time constant of these instruments shall not be more than 290
6.2.7 Adummyspecimenboardofthethicknessanddensity
ms(correspondingtoatimetoreach95%offinaloutputofnot
specified in the test procedure shall be mounted on the
morethan1s).Thetargetsensingtheappliedfluxshalloccupy
apparatus in the position of the specimen except during actual
anareanotmorethan4by4mmandbelocatedflushwithand
testing.
at the center of the water cooled 25 mm circular exposed
6.3 Instrumentation: metallicendofthefluxmeter.Iffluxmetersofsmallerdiameter
E1317 − 19
is maintained between the sleeve and water cooled fluxmeter
body. The end of the sleeve and exposed surface of the
fluxmeter shall lie in the same plane. Radiation shall not pass
through any window before reaching the fluxmeter sensing
surface.
6.3.3 Timing Devices, such as either a paper tape
chronograph, as well as digital clock with second resolution,
digital stopwatch with a memory for ten times, an audio tape
recorder, a data acquisition/computer system, or an audio
visual (VCR) instrument shall be provided to measure the
times of ignition and flame front advancement with resolution
to ⁄10 s.
6.3.4 Recording Millivoltmeter—A two-channel multirange
recording millivoltmeter having at least 1 MΩ input resistance
shall be used to record signals from the fume stack thermo-
couples (see Fig. A1.3) and the output from the radiation
pyrometer. The signal from the fume stack will in most
instances be less than 15 mV. The sensitivity of the other
channel shall be selected to require less than full scale
deflection with the total radiation pyrometer or fluxmeter
chosen. The effective operating temperature of the radiant
panel will not normally exceed 935°C. Either the two-channel
multi-rangerecordingmillivoltmeteroradigitalmillivoltmeter
with a resolution of 10 µV or less shall be used for monitoring
changes in operating conditions of the radiant panel.
6.4 Space for Conducting Tests:
6.4.1 Test Area—The dimensions of the test area shall be at
least45m volumewithaceilingheightofnotlessthan2.5m.
6.4.2 Fume Exhaust System—An exhaust system shall be
installed with a capacity for moving air and combustion
products at a rate of 30 m /min. The exhaust system shall be
surrounded by a 1.3 by 1.3 m refractory-fiber fabric skirt
hanging down to 1.7 6 0.1 m from the floor of the room. The
specimen support frame and radiant panel shall be located
beneaththishoodinsuchawaythatessentiallyallcombustion
1—Pilot flame
fumes are withdrawn from the room.
2—Viewing rake
6.4.3 The apparatus shall be located with a clearance of at
least 1-m separation between it and the walls of the test room.
NOTE 1—Two burners are provided; only one for the non-contracting
pilot is operating.
No combustible finish material of ceiling, floor, or walls shall
FIG. 6 Pilot Flame and Dummy Assembly
be located within2mofthe radiant heat source.
6.4.4 Air Supply—Access to an exterior supply of air, to
replace that removed by the exhaust system, is required. This
shall be arranged in such a way that the ambient temperature
remains reasonably stable (for example, the air might be taken
from an adjoining heated building).
6.4.5 Room Draughts—Measurements shall be made of air
speeds near a dummy specimen in the vertical position while
the fume exhaust system is operating but the radiant panel and
its air supply are turned off. The air flow shall not exceed 0.2
m/s in any direction at a distance of 100 mm perpendicular to
the lower edge at midlength of the specimen.
7. Hazards
7.1 Take the following safety precautions:
FIG. 7 Stack—Specimen Position Dimensions
7.1.1 Safeguards shall be installed in the panel fuel supply
to guard against a gas-air fuel explosion in the test chamber.
aretobeused,theseshallbeinsertedintoacoppersleeveof25 The safeguards shall include, but are not limited to, one or
mm outside diameter in such a way that good thermal contact more of the following: a gas feed cutoff activated when the air
E1317 − 19
supply fails; a fire sensor directed at the panel surface to mability characteristics of the exposed surface. Care shall be
interrupt gas supply if the panel flame is extinguished; or other taken to ensure that the test result obtained on any assembly is
suitable and approved devices. Manual reset is a requirement relevant to its use in practice. For comparison of the relative
of any safeguard system used. performanceofsurfacetreatmentswithoutconsiderationofthe
7.1.2 The exhaust system shall be so designed that the particular backing to which they are likely to be applied, they
laboratory environment is protected from smoke and gas. The shallbetestedon10to21-mmthickbackingboardofthesame
operator shall be instructed to minimize his exposure to material as the dummy specimen, namely a density of 750 6
combustion products by following sound safety and industrial 100 kg/m and complying with the criteria for noncombustible
hygiene practices, for example, ensure that the exhaust system materials in accordance with 46 CFR 164.009.
is working properly, wear appropriate clothing including
gloves, wear breathing apparatus when hazardous fumes are
9. Calibration of Apparatus
expected.
9.1 Perform mechanical, electrical, and thermal calibrations
as described in Annex A1. Perform these adjustments and
8. Test Specimens
calibrationsfollowinginitialinstallationoftheapparatusandat
8.1 The samples selected for testing shall be representative
other times as the need arises.
of the product as it is intended for use.
9.2 Monthly Verification—In a continuing program of tests,
8.2 Specimen Size—The specimen shall be 155+0,−5 mm
the flux distribution shall be determined not less than once a
wide by 800+0,−5 mm long, and shall be representative of
month.Whenthetimeintervalbetweentestsisgreaterthanone
the product.
month, the flux distribution shall be determined at the start of
8.3 Specimen Thickness—Materials and composites of nor-
the test series.
mal thickness 50 mm or less shall be tested using their full
9.3 Daily Verification—Perform the following tests on a
thickness. For materials and composites of normal thickness
daily basis.
greater than 50 mm, obtain the requisite specimens by cutting
9.3.1 Adjustment of the Pilot Burner—Adjust the acetylene
away the unexposed face to reduce the thickness to 50+3,−0
and air supply to provide a flame length of about 230 mm (see
mm.
Fig. 8). When this has been done, the flame length as viewed
8.4 Number Required—Test three specimens for each dif-
in a darkened laboratory will be seen to extend about 40 mm
ferentexposedsurfaceandspecimenorientationoftheproduct
abovetheupperretainingflangeofthespecimenholder.Adjust
evaluated.
the space between the burner and the specimen while the
8.5 Composites—Assemblies shall be as specified in 8.3. radiant source is operating using softwood splines of 3-mm
However, where thin materials or composites are used, it is thickness and of 10 and 12-mm width. When these splines are
possible that the presence of an air gap or the nature of any moved along the flame length between the pilot burner flame
underlying construction, or both, significantly affects the flam- and a dummy specimen surface during a 2-s exposure, the
FIG. 8 Pilot Burner Details and Connections
E1317 − 19
10-mm spline shall not be charred but the 12-mm spline shall 11. Procedure
show char. With the specimen in the vertical position, the
11.1 Conduct the test as follows:
charring of the 12-mm spline shall occur over a vertical
11.1.1 Mount the dummy specimen in a specimen holder in
distance of at least 40 mm from the upper exposed edge of the
position facing the radiant panel. Start the fume-exhaust
specimen.
system.
9.3.2 Clean the stack-gas thermocouples by light brushing
11.1.2 Adjust the radiant panel to the operating conditions
at least daily.When materials producing heavy soot clouds are
specified in A1.3.2 and A1.3.3.
tested it is likely that such cleaning will be required even more
11.1.3 When both the radiant panel and stack signals have
frequently. Also individually check these thermocouples for
attained equilibrium after the preheat period, light the pilot
electrical continuity to ensure the existence of a useful ther-
flame, record both signals for 3 min, and verify continued
mojunction.Followingdailycleaningoftheparallelconnected
signal stability.
stack-gas thermocouples, check both the thermocouples and
11.1.4 Remove the dummy specimen holder, and within 10
thecompensatingjunctiontoverifythattheresistancebetween
s insert the specimen in the test position. Immediately start
them and the stack metal is in excess of 10 Ω.
both the clock and chronograph.
9.4 Continuous Monitoring of Operation—Adummy speci-
11.1.5 Operate the event marker of the chronograph to
men shall remain mounted in the position normally occupied
indicate the time of ignition and arrival of flame front during
by a specimen whenever the equipment is in stand-by opera-
the initial rapid involvement of the specimen. The time of
tion. This is a requirement of the continuous monitoring
arrival at a given position is observed as the time at which the
procedure that is accomplished by measuring both stack and
flame front at the longitudinal centerline of the specimen
millivolt signals from the total radiation pyrometer mounted
coincides with the position of two corresponding wires of the
securelyonthespecimenholderframefacingthesurfaceofthe
viewing rakes. Record these times manually both from mea-
radiant panel.
surements of the chronograph chart and then after the initial
rapid flame spread from visual observations of flame position
9.5 Theradiationpyrometerisusedfordeterminingthatthe
required thermal operating level has been achieved.The use of and observation of the clock. Record the arrival of the flame
the radiation pyrometer permits continuous monitoring of front at each 50-mm position along the specimen. Record both
panel operating level even when tests are in progress. The the time and the position on the specimen at which flaming
signals shall remain essentially constant for 3 min prior to test. ceases to progress. Record the panel operating level as well as
The observed operating level shall correspond, within 2%, to stack signals throughout the test, and continue until test
the similarly measured condition during the calibration proce- termination.
dure mentioned in A1.3.3.
11.1.6 During the test, make no changes in the fuel supply
rate to the radiant panel to compensate for variations in its
10. Conditioning
operating level.
11.1.7 Terminate the test, remove the test specimen, and
10.1 Specimen Conditioning—Before testing, condition the
reinsert the dummy specimen holder when any one of the
specimens to constant moisture content, at a temperature of 23
following conditions occurs:
63°C,andarelativehumidityof50 65%.Constantmoisture
11.1.7.1 The specimen fails to ignite after a 10-min
content is considered to be reached when, following two
exposure,
successive weighing operations carried out at an interval of 24
11.1.7.2 Three minutes have passed since all flaming from
h,themeasuredmassesdonotdifferbymorethan0.1%ofthe
the specimen ceased, or
mass of the specimen.
11.1.7.3 Flaming reaches the end of the specimen or self-
10.2 Specimen Preparation—Using a marker such as a soft
extinguishes and therefore ceases to progress along the speci-
pencil, draw a line centrally down the length of the exposed
men. This is applicable only when heat-release measurements
face of each specimen. Do not use a marker that will affect
are not being made.
specimenperformance.Preparetheproperlyconditionedspeci-
11.1.8 Repeat 11.1.1 – 11.1.6 for two additional specimens.
men for test in a cool holder away from the heat of the radiant
11.1.9 In the event of failure during testing of one or more
panel. Prior to insertion in the specimen holder, wrap the back
specimens, reject such data or perform a new test or tests.
and edges of the specimen in a single sheet of 0.2 mm thick
Potential sources of failure include, but are not limited to,
aluminum foil having dimensions of (175+ a)mmby
incomplete observational data or malfunction of the data-
(820+ a) mm, where a is twice the specimen thickness. When
logging equipment. It is possible that excessive stack-signal
inserted in the specimen holder, back each specimen by a cool
base drift will also require further equipment stabilization and
10 6 2-mm sheet of material having the same lateral dimen-
retest.
sions and density as the dummy specimen. When mounting
11.1.10 If the first two specimens do not ignite following a
nonrigid specimens in the holder, place shims between the
10-min exposure, test the third specimen with an impinging
specimen and the holder flange to ensure that the exposed
pilot flame. If this specimen ignites, test two additional
specimen face remains at the same distance from the pilot
specimens with the impinging pilot flame.
flame as a rigid specimen. For such materials the shims shall
only be required for a 100-mm length at the hot end of the 11.1.11 If a specimen shows extensive loss of incompletely
specimen. burned material during the test, test at least one additional
E1317 − 19
specimen, restrained in the test frame with poultry netting.
Report the data so obtained separately.
11.1.12 Observe and record the general behavior of the
specimen, including glowing, charring, melting, flaming drips,
disintegration of the specimen, etc.
12. Report
12.1 Report the following information:
12.1.1 Name and address of the testing laboratory.
12.1.2 Name and address of the manufacturer.
12.1.3 Date of the test.
12.1.4 Description of the product tested including trade
name together with its construction, orientation, thickness,
density, and, where appropriate, the face subject to test. In the
case of specimens that have been painted or varnished, the
information recorded shall include the quantity applied as well
(a) Events Specified and Stack Millivolt Signal Curve Produced During Test
as the nature of the supporting materials.
12.1.5 Number of specimens tested.
12.1.6 Type of pilot flame used, that is, impinging or
nonimpinging.
12.1.7 Duration of each test.
12.1.8 Observations of the burning characteristics of the
specimens during the test exposure, such as flashing, unstable
flame front, whether or not pieces of burning materials fell off,
separations, fissures, sparks, fusion, changes in form, etc.
12.1.9 Test Results:
12.1.9.1 Report the results in terms of the thermal measure-
mentsofincidentfluxwithadummyspecimeninplace.Donot
compensate for changes in thermal output of the radiant panel
during the conduct of the test.
12.1.9.2 Heat for Ignition—List values as defined in 3.2.5.
(b) Calculation of Heat Release Curve
12.1.9.3 Heat for Sustained Burning—List values including
averagesasdefinedin3.2.6,andtheaverageofthesevaluesfor
NOTE 1—q is heat rate from millivolt signal and derived from
stationsof150through400mm,measuredonthecenterlineof
calibration curve (b) Calculation of Heat Release Curve.
the specimen.
FIG. 9 Diagrams Showing Method of Deriving Heat Release Curve
12.1.9.4 Critical Flux at Extinguishment—List values as
defined in 3.2.2, and the average of these values.
12.1.9.5 Heat Release Factors—List the total heat release,
the average total heat release for the specimens tested (Qdt),
involved eleven countries and tests of seven materials was
and the peak heat release (dQ/dt) (see Fig. 9).
reported by Japan to IMO in Ref (6). Unfortunately, as shown
in Ref (7), so many arbitrary deviations were incorporated in
13. Precision and Bias
the testing, equipment, procedures, and limited reporting of
13.1 Two interlaboratory studies have been conducted on
data, that it is impossible to have confidence in the between
this test method. The first, reported in Ref (4) involved four
laboratory analyzed results. However, the within laboratory
countries and ten materials. The data for one of the materials
results exhibit considerable uniformity. Averages of the coef-
was not included in the analysis because of inadequate testing.
ficient of variation in percent for all materials tested and
This study was limited to flame-spread properties. Values of
reported by Japan in Ref (6) show values of 9.36, 7.46, 8.04,
thecoefficientofvariationforheatforignition,criticalheatfor
and12.37%.Theseareforcriticalfluxatextinguishment,heat
extinguishment, and heat for continued burning based on three
for ignition, heat for sustained burning, and total heat release,
tests of each material were reported. It was found that the
respectively. The statistical calculations made by Japan are
average values for all materials in all laboratories were,
somewhat optimistic since n rather than n − 1 was used in
respectively, 13, 27, and 20%. Some revisions were made,
calculating the standard deviation. These have been corrected
resulting in a revised IMO Resolution A.564(14) (5).
by the factor =n/~n21! , since n =3 becomes 1.225. The
resulting average coefficients of variation become 12, 9, 10,
13.2 A second interlaboratory study was conducted with
inclusion of the heat-release measurement. The study which and 15%, respectively.
13.3 This test method incorporates revisions to emphasize
specific procedures as well as eliminating an originally op-
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E05-1007. tionalmethodofmonitoringoperatinglevelsoftheequipment.
E1317 − 19
The latter had been included in the IMO version to avoid 14. Keywords
problems some countries might have had in using this test
14.1 extinguishment; fire properties; flammability; ignition
method.
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. ASSEMBLY AND CALIBRATION OF APPARATUS
A1.1 Mechanical Adjustment
A1.1.1 WiththeapparatusassembledasspecifiedinSection
6, make the following mechanical alignments:
A1.1.2 Check the rotating ring to ensure that it lies in a
vertical plane. If the bearing does not lie in the vertical plane,
adjust the upper support bracket. If any nonvertical position is
caused by excessive bearing roller clearance, install larger
rollers.
A1.1.3 Withtheradiantpanelrotatedintoaverticalposition
(as checked with a level), the angle between the panel and
rotating ring, and between the panel and the longitudinal
members of the specimen support frame shall be 15° (see Fig.
A1.1).
A1.1.4 With an empty specimen holder installed, adjust the
upper fork to ensure the holder lies in a vertical plane. Adjust
the spacing between the radiant panel and the holder so that
Dimension A of Fig. A1.1 is 125 6 2 mm while still
maintaining the 15 6 ⁄4 ° angular relationship. The initial
spacing of Dimension B shall be 125 mm when required FIG. A1.2 Position of Pilot Flame
subsequent adjustment of Dimension B is permissible.
A1.1.5 Position the vertical pilot as shown in Fig. A1.2.
vertical position. Detailed procedures for making these adjust-
ments are given in A1.1.3 and A1.1.4.
A1.1.6 Positiontheviewingrakesothatthepinsarelocated
atmultiplesof50 62-mmdistancefromtheclosestendofthe
A1.2.2 Position the fume stack for heat release measure-
specimen exposed to the panel. ments on the specimen support frame in the position shown in
Fig.7,soastoallowforstackremovalandcleaning.Mountthe
A1.2 Mechanical Alignment
compensating thermocouple in such a manner that good
A1.2.1 The position of the refractory surface of the radiant thermal contact is achieved while ensuring greater than 1 MΩ
panel with respect to the specimen must correspond with the electrical resistance from the stack metal wall.
dimensions shown in Fig. A1.1. These relationships shall be
A1.3 Thermal Adjustment of Radiant Panel Operating
achieved by adjustment between the panel and its mounting
Level
bracket, the two main frames, and the position of the specimen
holder guides. Make these adjustments for the specimen in the A1.3.1 Thermal adjustment of the panel operating level is
achieved by first setting an air flow of about 30 m /h through
the panel (see 6.2.5.2). Gas is then supplied and the panel
ignited and allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with a
dummy specimen mounted before it. At proper operating
condition there shall be no visible flaming from the panel
surfaceexceptwhenviewedfromonesideparalleltothepanel
surface plane. From this direction a thin blue flame very close
to the panel surface will be observed. An oblique view of the
panel after a 15-min warm-up period shall show a bright
orange radiating surface.
A1.3.2 With a water cooled (NoteA1.1) fluxmeter mounted
FIG. A1.1 Specimen and Panel Arrangement in a special dummy specimen (see Fig. 1), the flux incident on
E1317 − 19
avoid damage to the fluxmeter and erroneous signals at low flux levels.
the specimen shall correspond to the values shown in Table
Thetemperatureofthecoolingwatershallbecontrolledinsuchamanner
A1.1. Compliance with this requirement is achieved by adjust-
thatthefluxmeterbodytemperatureremainswithinafewdegreesofroom
mentoftheairgasflowrates.Whenrequired,makechangesin
temperature. It is essential to make flux measurement corrections for
air and gas flow to achieve the condition of no significant
temperature differences between the fluxmeter body and room tempera-
flaming from the panel surface. In systems using a venturi, the
ture. Failure to supply water cooling has the potential to result in thermal
damage to the sensing surface and loss of calibration of the fluxmeter.
flux levels shall be changed by adjusting only the air valve.
PreciseduplicationofthefluxmeasurementsspecifiedinTable
A1.3.3 Oncetheseoperatingconditionshavebeenachieved,
A1.1 for the 50 and 350 mm positions on the basis of the
all future panel operation shall take place with the established
fluxmeter calibration used will fix the flux at the other stations
airflowwithgassupplyasthevariabletoachievethespecimen
well within the limits called for. This does not mean that the
flux as calibrated. Monitor this level with use of a radiation
measured flux levels are correct, but it does ensure that a fixed
pyrometer fixed to view the source surface.
configuration or view geometry between the panel and speci-
A1.3.4 Achieve the following adjustments and calibrations
men have been achieved. To meet these requirements, make
byburningmethanegasfromalineheatsourcelocatedparallel
changes in the specimen longitudinal position shown by
toandinthesameplaneasthecenterlineofadummyspecimen
Dimension B in Fig. A1.1. A plot and smooth curve shall be
located in the vertical position and without fluxmeters. This
developed on the basis of the fifteen or at least eight flux
line burner consists of a 2-m length of pipe of 9.1-mm internal
measurementsrequired.Theshapeofthecurveshallbesimilar
diameter. One end is closed off with a cap, and a line of 15
to that defined by the typical data shown in Table A1.1.
holes of 3-mm diameter is drilled at 16-mm spacing through
Records of the radiation pyrometer signal shall be kept
the pipe wall.The gas is burned as it flows through this line of
following successful completion of this calibration procedure.
vertically positioned holes, and flames up through the stack.
Ifachangeinpanel-specimenaxialpositionisrequiredtomeet
The measured flow rate and the net or lower heating value of
the requirements for flux at the 50 and 350 mm positions, this
the gas serve to produce a known heat release rate that is
shall be done by adjusting the screws connecting the two
observed as a compensated thermocouple millivolt signal
frames. In this way, the pilot position with respect to the
change.Priortoperformingcalibrationtests,conductmeasure-
specimen will remain unchanged. Make no further change in
ments to verify that the stack thermocouple compensation has
the spacing of the two frames. The specimen stop screw
been properly adjusted.
adjustment shall be changed to meet the flux requirements in
A1.3.5 Compensation Adjustment:
thistestmethod,andthenthepositionofthepilotburnermount
A1.3.5.1 The fraction of the signal from the compensator
shall be checked and, if necessary, adjusted to maintain the
thermocouplethatissubtractedfromthestackthermocoupleis
10+2,−0 mm pilot spacing.
adjusted by means of the resistance of one leg of a potential
NOTE A1.1—Caution: Water cooling of the fluxmeter is required to
divider shown in Fig. A1.3. The purpose of this adjustment is
to eliminate, as far as practical, from the stack signal the
TABLE A1.1 Calibration of Flux to the Specimen
long-term signal changes resulting from the relatively slow
stack metal temperature variations. Fig.A1.4 shows the curves
NOTE1—Listedaretypicalfluxincidentonthespecimenandspecimen
positions at which the calibration measurements are to be made. The flux resulting from low compensation, correct compensation, and
at 50 and 350-mm positions shall be set as accurately as possible.
overcompensation. These curves were obtained by abruptly
Calibration data at other positions shall agree with typical values within
placing the lighted gas calibration burner adjacent to the hot
10%. This calibration shall be performed with the use of the special
end of a dummy specimen, and then extinguishing it. For this
dummyspecimen.Itispossibletomeasureallexceptthefirstofthefifteen
adjustment the calibration feed rate shall be set to correspond
typical measurements listed with two successive 50-mm withdrawals of
the calibration dummy specimen. to a heat rate of 1 kW.The compensator potential divider shall
Distance from Exposed be adjusted to yield curves that show a rapid rise to a steady
Typical Flux Levels at the Calibration Position to be
End of the Specimen,
2 A 2
state signal that is essentially constant over a 5-min period
Specimen, kW/m Used, kW/m
mm
0 49.5
50 50.5 50.5
100 49.5
150 47.1 X
200 43.1
250 37.8 X
300 30.9
350 23.9 23.9
400 18.2
450 13.2 X
500 9.2
550 6.2 X
NOTE 1—Two sets of thermocouples and lead wires are required. The
600 4.3
wire size and lengths within the fume thermocouple circuit group must be
650 3.1 X
thesametoensurepropersignalaveraging.Theparallelconnectionofthe
700 2.2
couples shall be achieved at the mixing box by plug connection of the
750 1.5 X
leads.Thisallowsquickremovalandchecksforcontinuityandgrounding
A
An X indicates fluxes at the additional six measuring positions required by the
problems with minimum delay. No cold junction shall be used but the
standard. The seven empty spaces represent the fluxes at the additional but not
signal mixing box shall be shielded from panel radiation.
required measuring positions in this test method.
FIG. A1.3 Diagrammatic Sketch of Thermocouple Circuit
E1317 − 19
NOTE 1—The four curves shown illustrate changes in the indicated mVsignal rise for three different levels of inverse feedback or compensation level.
FIG. A1.4 Response-Behavior of Heat Release Signal to a Square Wave Thermal Pulse
following the first minute of signal rise. The apparatus is rate which is observed as a compensated stack millivolt signal
properlyadjustedif,whenthecalibrationburnerisshutoff,the change. Prior to performing calibration tests, measurements
signalrapidlydecreasesandreachesasteadystatevaluewithin shall be conducted to verify that the stack thermocouple
2min.Followingthis,thereshallbenolong-termriseorfallof compensation has been properly adjusted.
the signal. Experience has shown that between 40 and 50% of
A1.3.6.2 With the dummy specimen mounted in position,
thecompensationthermocouplesignalisincludedintheoutput
the stack calibration shall be carried out with the panel
signaltoachievethiscondition,butvariationinequipmentwill
producing a flux of 50.5 W/m at the 50-mm location and the
requireothervalues.Whenproperlyadjusted,asquarethermal
pilotburnernotlit.Calibrationofthestackmillivoltsignalrise
pulse of 7 kWshall show not more than 7% overshoot shortly
above the initial steady state base following any initial over-
after application of the calibration flame (see Fig. A1.5).
shootpeakshallbemadebyintroducingandremovingtheline
burner described in A1.3.4. The signal rise shall be that
A1.3.6 Fume Stack Calibration:
observed above the equilibrium base signal level with unlit
A1.3.6.1 The following adjustments and calibrations shall
calibration burner tube in position with ports at the hot end of
be achieved by burning methane gas from a line heat source
the specimen. The flow rate of methane of at least 95% purity
located parallel to and in the same plane as the centerline of a
dummy specimen located in the vertical position and without shallbevariedovertherangeofabout0.004to0.02m /minin
sufficient increments to permit plotting the data in a well
fluxmeters.This line burner consists of a 2-m length of pipe of
9.1 mm internal diameter. One end is closed off with a cap; a definedcurveofstackcompensatedmillivoltsignalriseagainst
the net or lower heat input rate. A similar calibration shall be
line of 15 parallel holes of 3 mm diameter is drilled at 16 mm
spacing through the pipe wall. The gas is burned as it flows performedwiththecalibrationburnerlocatedatthecoolendof
through this line of vertically positioned holes, and flames up the specimen.The results are acceptable if the two heat release
through the stack.The measured flow rate and the net or lower rate curves show agreement within 15%. A typical curve is
heating value of the gas serve to produce a known heat release shown in Fig.A1.6. The curve for the calibration burner at the
FIG. A1.5 Square Heat Transient Showing Overshoot and Signal
Delay
E1317 − 19
FIG. A1.6 Typical Stack Calibration Curve Including Data at Sev-
eral Heat Rates
hot end of the specimen shall be the one used for reporting all established air flow with gas supply as the variable to achieve
heat release measurements. This completes the calibration and
the specimen flux level as calibrated. Monitor this level with a
the test equipment is ready for use.
fixedradiationpyrometerthatpointstowardthesourcesurface.
A1.3
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1317 − 12 E1317 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for measuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior of
surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboard ship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishes intended for
use in ship construction such as deck surfacing materials, bulkhead as surfacing materials and ceiling veneers including any
adhesives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceilings, paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.
NOTE 1—This test method has been preparedwas originally developed to closely follow the test procedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1). Optional
provisions not applicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.ISO 5658-2 also describes similar test equipment. The test procedure
used by IMO for regulation of surface finishes is IMO 2010 FTP Code Part 5 (2), which has replaced IMO Resolution A.653(16).
1.2 Tests performed according to this test method are intended to yield fire properties that, when appropriately interpreted, are
potentially useful to select materials and surface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread of fire.
1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimen radiant thermal exposure for measuring fire properties.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
CFR Title 46, Part 164.009, Noncombustible Materials
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012April 15, 2019. Published August 2012April 2019. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as
E1317 – 08b.E1317 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1317-12.10.1520/E1317-19.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1317 − 19
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 5658-2 Reaction to fire tests – Spread of flame-Part 2: Lateral spread on building and transport products in vertical
configuration
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 compensating thermocouple, n—a thermocouple for the purpose of generating an electrical signal representing long-term
changes in the stack metal temperatures wherein a fraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signal developed by the
stack-gas thermocouples.
3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n—a flux level at the specimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthest advance
and subsequent self-extinguishment of the flame on the centerline of a specimen.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The flux reported is based on calibration tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.
3.2.3 dummy specimen—a noncombustible (as defined by 46 CFR 164.009) insulating board used for standardizing the
operating condition of the equipment, 20 6 5 mm in thickness with a density of 750 6 100 kg/mequipment. .
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
The dummy specimen is mounted in the apparatus in the position of the test specimen and removed only when a test specimen
is to be inserted. The term noncombustible is used in a manner consistent with 46 CFR 164.009.
3.2.4 fume stack—a box-like duct with thermocouples and baffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burning specimen
pass, whose purpose is to permit measurement of the heat release from the burning specimen.
3.2.5 heat for ignition—the product of time from initial specimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mm position
and the flux level at this position, the latter obtained in prior calibration of the apparatus.
3.2.6 heat for sustained burning—the product of time from initial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front, and
the incident flux level at that same location as measured with a dummy specimen during calibration.
3.2.7 marine board—an insulation board of 750 6 100 kg/m density that meets the noncombustibility criteria of 46 CFR
164.009.
3.2.7 measured heat release of specimen—the observed heat release under the variable flux field imposed on the specimen and
measured as defined by this test method.
3.2.8 mirror assembly—a mirror, marked and aligned with the viewing rakes, used as an aid in quickly identifying and tracking
the flame front progress.
3.2.9 reverberatory wires—a wire mesh located in front of, but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat source which
serves to enhance the combustion efficiency and increase the radiance of the panel.
3.2.11 special calibration dummy specimen—a dummy specimen as defined by Fig. 1, made of the same material as the dummy
specimen, intended only for use in calibration of flux gradient along the specimen.
3.2.10 viewing rakes—a set of bars with wires spaced at 50-mm intervals for the purpose of increasing the precision of timing
the flame front progress along the specimen.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flammability characteristics of 155 by 800-mm specimens in a vertical
orientation. The specimens are exposed to a graded radiant-flux field supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are provided for
observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishment of flame along the length of the specimen as well as for measuring the
compensated millivolt signal of the stack gas thermocouples as the burning progresses. Results are reported in terms of heat for
ignition, heat for sustained burning, critical flux at extinguishment, and heat release of the specimen during burning.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of the flammable performance of surface finish materials used in
constructing and outfitting ships.materials.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.millimeters.
FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient Calibration
5.2 A specimen of the surface finish of concern is mounted on the support material contemplated for use and subjected to a
controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.
5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a vertical plane.
5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:
5.4.1 Bulkhead specimens Specimens having surface veneers, fabrics, or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed
sides.
5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lower exposed surface.
5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated and air backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper) surface
of the material.
5.4.4 DeckFloor finish and flooring materials are tested on the upper exposed surface.
5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation materials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.
5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate to the flammability of the specimens tested. These include ignitability,
heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux at extinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-exposure
conditions applied.
5.6 This test method does not provide:
5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finish materials supported by backing materials other than those tested.
5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials when used in other thicknesses than those tested.
5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as a measure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimens
tested.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Dummy Specimens and Backing Boards:
6.1.1 This test method requires the use of a dummy specimen of insulating board in several instances during both calibration
and testing. The dummy specimen shall be an insulating board, 20 6 5 mm in thickness, with a density of 750 6 100 kg/m and
complying with the criteria for noncombustible materials in accordance with 46 CFR 164.009.
6.1.2 For the purpose of this test method, backing boards are insulation boards of 750 6 100 kg/m density that meet the criteria
for noncombustible materials in accordance with 46 CFR 164.009.
6.1.3 In order to standardize the operating conditions of the test equipment, a dummy specimen shall be mounted in the test
apparatus in the position of the test specimen and removed only when a test specimen is inserted (see 6.2.7).
6.1.4 Use as a special calibration dummy specimen (see section 9), a dummy specimen as described in Fig. 1 and meeting the
requirements of section 6.1.1, for calibration of the flux gradient along the test specimen.
6.2 Test Equipment—Figs. 2-6 show photographs of the equipment as assembled ready for test. Brief parts list for the test
equipment assembly includes:
6.2.1 Main Frame (see Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2 2((b) consisting of two separate sections; the burner frame and the specimen support
frame. These two units are bolted together with threaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.
6.2.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of the specimen during test. At least two of these are required. Using three of
these will prevent delays resulting from required cooling of holders prior to mounting specimens.
6.2.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheet steel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete with gas and
stack-metal compensating thermocouples (also see Fig. 5).
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FIG. 2 (a) General View of the Apparatus
FIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front View(continued)
6.2.4 Radiant Panel (23) (see Fig. 4) shall have heated surface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panel consists of
an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.
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1—Specimen support frame
2—Specimen holder
3—Flame-front viewing mirror
4—Viewing rake
5—Radiation pyrometer
6—Radiant panel assembly
7—Viewing rake for horizontal specimen not used in this test
method
FIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion Frame
FIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy Specimen
6.2.5 Air and Fuel Supply—An air and fuel supply to support combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flow metering device,
gas-control valves, pressure reducer, and safety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Requirements are summarized as
follows:
3 3
6.2.5.1 A regulated air supply of about 30 m /h [108 000 m /s] at a pressure sufficient to overcome the friction loss through the
line, metering device, and radiant panel. The radiant panel pressure drop amounts to only a few millimetres of water.
6.2.5.2 In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the air line, set this flow rate by holding a lighted match with its axis
horizontal and close to the panel tile face. The match flame shall not deviate more than 10° from the vertical.
6.2.5.3 The fuel gas used shall be either natural gas or methane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain a constant
supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either by a manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer. The venturi mixer will
allow control of the flux level of the panel by adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include an electrically operated
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FIG. 5 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment Showing Specimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack Thermocouple Assembly
shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in the event of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss of heat at the burner surface.
The fuel gas flow requirements shall be 1.0 to 3.7 m /h at a pressure sufficient to overcome pressure losses.
6.2.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack, flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror are all
assembled on the specimen support frame. The arrangement of parts on this frame is evident in Fig. 2(a), Fig. 2 2((b), and Fig.
3.
6.2.7 A dummy specimen of marine board of the thickness and density specified in the test procedure shall be mounted on the
apparatus in the position of the specimen except during actual testing.
NOTE 2—Additional information on the construction details of the test equipment can be found in ISO 5658-2 and IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1).
6.3 Instrumentation:
6.3.1 Total Radiation Pyrometer—This instrument shall be compensated for its temperature variation and shall have a sensitivity
between the thermal wavelengths of 1 and 9 μm that is nominally constant and shall view a centrally located area on the radiant
panel of about 150 by 300 mm. The instrument shall be rigidly mounted on the specimen support frame in such a manner that it
will be directed at the radiant panel surface oriented for specimens in the vertical positions.
6.3.2 Heat Fluxmeters—It is desirable to have at least two fluxmeters for this test method. They shall be of the thermopile type
with a sensitivity of approximately 10 mV at 50 kW/m and capable of operation at three times this rating. One of these shall be
retained as a laboratory reference standard. They shall have been calibrated to an accuracy of 65 % or better. The time constant
of these instruments shall not be more than 290 ms (corresponding to a time to reach 95 % of final output of not more than 1 s).
The target sensing the applied flux shall occupy an area not more than 4 by 4 mm and be located flush with and at the center of
the water cooled 25 mm circular exposed metallic end of the fluxmeter. If fluxmeters of smaller diameter are to be used, these shall
be inserted into a copper sleeve of 25 mm outside diameter in such a way that good thermal contact is maintained between the
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1—Pilot flame
2—Viewing rake
NOTE 1—Two burners are provided; only one for the non-contracting pilot is operating.
FIG. 6 Pilot Flame and Dummy Assembly
FIG. 7 Stack—Specimen Position Dimensions
sleeve and water cooled fluxmeter body. The end of the sleeve and exposed surface of the fluxmeter shall lie in the same plane.
Radiation shall not pass through any window before reaching the fluxmeter sensing surface.
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6.3.3 Timing Devices, such as either a paper tape chronograph, as well as digital clock with second resolution, digital stopwatch
with a memory for ten times, an audio tape recorder, a data acquisition/computer system, or an audio visual (VCR) instrument shall
be provided to measure the times of ignition and flame front advancement with resolution to ⁄10 s.
6.3.4 Recording Millivoltmeter—A two-channel multirange recording millivoltmeter having at least 1 MΩ input resistance shall
be used to record signals from the fume stack thermocouples (see Fig. A1.3) and the output from the radiation pyrometer. The
signal from the fume stack will in most instances be less than 15 mV. The sensitivity of the other channel shall be selected to require
less than full scale deflection with the total radiation pyrometer or fluxmeter chosen. The effective operating temperature of the
radiant panel will not normally exceed 935°C. Either the two-channel multi-range recording millivoltmeter or a digital
millivoltmeter with a resolution of 10 μV or less shall be used for monitoring changes in operating conditions of the radiant panel.
6.4 Space for Conducting Tests:
6.4.1 Test Area—The dimensions of the test area shall be at least 45 m volume with a ceiling height of not less than 2.5 m.
6.4.2 Fume Exhaust System—An exhaust system shall be installed with a capacity for moving air and combustion products at
a rate of 30 m /min. The exhaust system shall be surrounded by a 1.3 by 1.3 m refractory-fiber fabric skirt hanging down to 1.7
6 0.1 m from the floor of the room. The specimen support frame and radiant panel shall be located beneath this hood in such a
way that essentially all combustion fumes are withdrawn from the room.
6.4.3 The apparatus shall be located with a clearance of at least 1-m separation between it and the walls of the test room. No
combustible finish material of ceiling, floor, or walls shall be located within 2 m of the radiant heat source.
6.4.4 Air Supply—Access to an exterior supply of air, to replace that removed by the exhaust system, is required. This shall be
arranged in such a way that the ambient temperature remains reasonably stable (for example, the air might be taken from an
adjoining heated building).
6.4.5 Room Draughts—Measurements shall be made of air speeds near a dummy specimen in the vertical position while the
fume exhaust system is operating but the radiant panel and its air supply are turned off. The air flow shall not exceed 0.2 m/s in
any direction at a distance of 100 mm perpendicular to the lower edge at midlength of the specimen.
7. Hazards
7.1 Take the following safety precautions:
7.1.1 Safeguards shall be installed in the panel fuel supply to guard against a gas-air fuel explosion in the test chamber. The
safeguards shall include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a gas feed cutoff activated when the air supply fails;
a fire sensor directed at the panel surface to interrupt gas supply if the panel flame is extinguished; or other suitable and approved
device.devices. Manual reset is a requirement of any safeguard system used.
7.1.2 The exhaust system shall be so designed that the laboratory environment is protected from smoke and gas. The operator
shall be instructed to minimize his exposure to combustion products by following sound safety and industrial hygiene practices,
for example, ensure that the exhaust system is working properly, wear appropriate clothing including gloves, wear breathing
apparatus when hazardous fumes are expected.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 The samples selected for testing shall be representative of the product as it is intended for use.
8.2 Specimen Size—The specimen shall be 155 + 0, − 5 mm wide by 800 + 0, − 5 mm long, and shall be representative of the
product.
8.3 Specimen Thickness—Materials and composites of normal thickness 50 mm or less shall be tested using their full thickness.
For materials and composites of normal thickness greater than 50 mm, obtain the requisite specimens by cutting away the
unexposed face to reduce the thickness to 50 + 3, − 0 mm.
8.4 Number Required—Test three specimens for each different exposed surface and specimen orientation of the product
evaluated.
8.5 Composites—Assemblies shall be as specified in 8.3. However, where thin materials or composites are used, it is possible
that the presence of an air gap or the nature of any underlying construction, or both, significantly affects the flammability
characteristics of the exposed surface. Care shall be taken to ensure that the test result obtained on any assembly is relevant to its
use in practice. For comparison of the relative performance of surface treatments without consideration of the particular backing
to which they are likely to be applied, they shall be tested on 10 to 21-mm marine board backing.thick backing board of the same
material as the dummy specimen, namely a density of 750 6 100 kg/m and complying with the criteria for noncombustible
materials in accordance with 46 CFR 164.009.
9. Calibration of Apparatus
9.1 Perform mechanical, electrical, and thermal calibrations as described in Annex A1. Perform these adjustments and
calibrations following initial installation of the apparatus and at other times as the need arises.
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9.2 Monthly Verification—In a continuing program of tests, the flux distribution shall be determined not less than once a month.
When the time interval between tests is greater than one month, the flux distribution shall be determined at the start of the test
series.
9.3 Daily Verification—Perform the following tests on a daily basis.
9.3.1 Adjustment of the Pilot Burner—Adjust the acetylene and air supply to provide a flame length of about 230 mm (see Fig.
8). When this has been done, the flame length as viewed in a darkened laboratory will be seen to extend about 40 mm above the
upper retaining flange of the specimen holder. Adjust the space between the burner and the specimen while the radiant source is
operating using softwood splines of 3-mm thickness and of 10 and 12-mm width. When these splines are moved along the flame
length between the pilot burner flame and a dummy specimen surface during a 2-s exposure, the 10-mm spline shall not be charred
but the 12-mm spline shall show char. With the specimen in the vertical position, the charring of the 12-mm spline shall occur over
a vertical distance of at least 40 mm from the upper exposed edge of the specimen.
9.3.2 Clean the stack-gas thermocouples by light brushing at least daily. When materials producing heavy soot clouds are tested
it is likely that such cleaning will be required even more frequently. Also individually check these thermocouples for electrical
continuity to ensure the existence of a useful thermojunction. Following daily cleaning of the parallel connected stack-gas
thermocouples, check both the thermocouples and the compensating junction to verify that the resistance between them and the
stack metal is in excess of 10 Ω.
9.4 Continuous Monitoring of Operation—A dummy specimen shall remain mounted in the position normally occupied by a
specimen whenever the equipment is in stand-by operation. This is a requirement of the continuous monitoring procedure that is
accomplished by measuring both stack and millivolt signals from the total radiation pyrometer mounted securely on the specimen
holder frame facing the surface of the radiant panel.
9.5 The radiation pyrometer is used for determining that the required thermal operating level has been achieved. The use of the
radiation pyrometer permits continuous monitoring of panel operating level even when tests are in progress. The signals shall
remain essentially constant for 3 min prior to test. The observed operating level shall correspond, within 2 %, to the similarly
measured condition during the calibration procedure mentioned in A1.3.3.
10. Conditioning
10.1 Specimen Conditioning—Before testing, condition the specimens to constant moisture content, at a temperature of 23 6
3°C, and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 %. Constant moisture content is considered to be reached when, following two successive
weighing operations carried out at an interval of 24 h, the measured masses do not differ by more than 0.1 % of the mass of the
specimen.
10.2 Specimen Preparation—Using a marker such as a soft pencil, draw a line centrally down the length of the exposed face
of each specimen. Do not use a marker that will affect specimen performance. Prepare the properly conditioned specimen for test
FIG. 8 Pilot Burner Details and Connections
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in a cool holder away from the heat of the radiant panel. Prior to insertion in the specimen holder, wrap the back and edges of the
specimen in a single sheet of 0.2 mm thick aluminum foil having dimensions of (175 + a) mm by (820 + a) mm, where a is twice
the specimen thickness. When inserted in the specimen holder, back each specimen by a cool 10 6 2-mm sheet of marine board
material having the same lateral dimensions and density as the dummy specimen. When mounting nonrigid specimens in the
holder, place shims between the specimen and the holder flange to ensure that the exposed specimen face remains at the same
distance from the pilot flame as a rigid specimen. For such materials the shims shall only be required for a 100-mm length at the
hot end of the specimen.
11. Procedure
11.1 Conduct the test as follows:
11.1.1 Mount the dummy specimen in a specimen holder in position facing the radiant panel. Start the fume-exhaust system.
11.1.2 Adjust the radiant panel to the operating conditions specified in A1.3.2 and A1.3.3.
11.1.3 When both the radiant panel and stack signals have attained equilibrium after the preheat period, light the pilot flame,
record both signals for 3 min, and verify continued signal stability.
11.1.4 Remove the dummy specimen holder, and within 10 s insert the specimen in the test position. Immediately start both the
clock and chronograph.
11.1.5 Operate the event marker of the chronograph to indicate the time of ignition and arrival of flame front during the initial
rapid involvement of the specimen. The time of arrival at a given position is observed as the time at which the flame front at the
longitudinal centerline of the specimen coincides with the position of two corresponding wires of the viewing rakes. Record these
times manually both from measurements of the chronograph chart and then after the initial rapid flame spread from visual
observations of flame position and observation of the clock. Record the arrival of the flame front at each 50-mm position along
the specimen. Record both the time and the position on the specimen at which flaming ceases to progress. Record the panel
operating level as well as stack signals throughout the test, and continue until test termination.
11.1.6 During the test, make no changes in the fuel supply rate to the radiant panel to compensate for variations in its operating
level.
11.1.7 Terminate the test, remove the test specimen, and reinsert the dummy specimen holder when any one of the following
conditions occurs:
11.1.7.1 The specimen fails to ignite after a 10-min exposure,
11.1.7.2 Three minutes have passed since all flaming from the specimen ceased, or
11.1.7.3 Flaming reaches the end of the specimen or self-extinguishes and therefore ceases to progress along the specimen. This
is applicable only when heat-release measurements are not being made.
11.1.8 Repeat 11.1.1 – 11.1.6 for two additional specimens.
11.1.9 In the event of failure during testing of one or more specimens, reject such data or perform a new test or tests. Potential
sources of failure include, but are not limited to, incomplete observational data or malfunction of the data-logging equipment. It
is possible that excessive stack-signal base drift will also require further equipment stabilization and retest.
11.1.10 If the first two specimens do not ignite following a 10 min 10-min exposure, test the third specimen with an impinging
pilot flame. If this specimen ignites, test two additional specimens with the impinging pilot flame.
11.1.11 If a specimen shows extensive loss of incompletely burned material during the test, test at least one additional specimen,
restrained in the test frame with poultry netting. Report the data so obtained separately.
11.1.12 Observe and record the general behavior of the specimen, including glowing, charring, melting, flaming drips,
disintegration of the specimen, etc.
12. Report
12.1 Report the following information:
12.1.1 Name and address of the testing laboratory.
12.1.2 Name and address of the manufacturer.
12.1.3 Date of the test.
12.1.4 Description of the product tested including trade name together with its construction, orientation, thickness, density, and,
where appropriate, the face subject to test. In the case of specimens that have been painted or varnished, the information recorded
shall include the quantity applied as well as the nature of the supporting materials.
12.1.5 Number of specimens tested.
12.1.6 Type of pilot flame used, that is, impinging or nonimpinging.
12.1.7 Duration of each test.
12.1.8 Observations of the burning characteristics of the specimens during the test exposure, such as flashing, unstable flame
front, whether or not pieces of burning materials fell off, separations, fissures, sparks, fusion, changes in form, etc.
12.1.9 Test Results:
12.1.9.1 Report the results in terms of the thermal measurements of incident flux with a dummy specimen in place. Do not
compensate for changes in thermal output of the radiant panel during the conduct of the test.
12.1.9.2 Heat for Ignition—List values as defined in 3.2.5.
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12.1.9.3 Heat for Sustained Burning—List values including averages as defined in 3.2.6, and the average of these values for
stations of 150 through 400 mm, measured on the centerline of the specimen.
12.1.9.4 Critical Flux at Extinguishment—List values as defined in 3.2.2, and the average of these values.
12.1.9.5 Heat Release Factors—List the total heat release, the average total heat release for the specimens tested (Qdt), and the
peak heat release (dQ/dt) (see Fig. 9).
13. Precision and Bias
13.1 Two interlaboratory studies have been conducted on this test method. The first, reported in Ref (34) involved four countries
and ten materials. The data for one of the materials was not included in the analysis because of inadequate testing. This study was
limited to flame-spread properties. Values of the coefficient of variation for heat for ignition, critical heat for extinguishment, and
heat for continued burning based on three tests of each material were reported. It was found that the average values for all materials
in all laboratories were, respectively, 13, 27, and 20 %. Some revisions were made, resulting in the presenta revised IMO
Resolution A.564(14) (15).
13.2 A second interlaboratory study was conducted with inclusion of the heat-release measurement. The study which involved
eleven countries and tests of seven materials was reported by Japan to IMO in Ref (46). Unfortunately, as shown in Ref (57), so
many arbitrary deviations were incorporated in the testing, equipment, procedures, and limited reporting of data, that it is
impossible to have confidence in the between laboratory analyzed results. However, the within laboratory results exhibit
considerable uniformity. Averages of the coefficient of variation in percent for all materials tested and reported by Japan in Ref
(46) show values of 9.36, 7.46, 8.04, and 12.37 %. These are for critical flux at extinguishment, heat for ignition, heat for sustained
burning, and total heat release, respectively. The statistical calculations made by Japan are somewhat optimistic since n rather than
(a) Events Specified and Stack Millivolt Signal Curve Produced During Test
(b) Calculation of Heat Release Curve
NOTE 1—q is heat rate from millivolt signal and derived from calibration curve (b) Calculation of Heat Release Curve.
FIG. 9 Diagrams Showing Method of Deriving Heat Release Curve
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E05-1007.
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n − 1 was used in calculating the standard deviation. These have been corrected by the factor =n/ n21 , since n = 3 becomes
~ !
1.225. The resulting average coefficients of variation become 12, 9, 10, and 15 %, respectively.
13.3 This test method incorporates revisions to emphasize specific procedures as well as eliminating an originally optional
method of monitoring operating levels of the equipment. The latter had been included in the IMO version to avoid problems some
countries might have had in using this test method.
14. Keywords
14.1 extinguishment; fire properties; flammability; ignition; ignitionmarine
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. ASSEMBLY AND CALIBRATION OF APPARATUS
A1.1 Mechanical Adjustment
A1.1.1 With the apparatus assembled as specified in Section 6, make the following mechanical alignments:
A1.1.2 Check the rotating ring to ensure that it lies in a vertical plane. If the bearing does not lie in the vertical plane, adjust the
upper support bracket. If any nonvertical position is caused by excessive bearing roller clearance, install larger rollers.
A1.1.3 With the radiant panel rotated into a vertical position (as checked with a level), the angle between the panel and rotating
ring, and between the panel and the longitudinal members of the specimen support frame shall be 15° (see Fig. A1.1).
A1.1.4 With an empty specimen holder installed, adjust the upper fork to ensure the holder lies in a vertical plane. Adjust the
spacing between the radiant panel and the holder so that Dimension A of Fig. A1.1 is 125 6 2 mm while still maintaining the 15
6 ⁄4 ° angular relationship. The initial spacing of Dimension B shall be 125 mm when required subsequent adjustment of
Dimension B is permissible.
A1.1.5 Position the vertical pilot as shown in Fig. A1.2.
A1.1.6 Position the viewing rake so that the pins are located at multiples of 50 6 2-mm distance from the closest end of the
specimen exposed to the panel.
A1.2 Mechanical Alignment
A1.2.1 The position of the refractory surface of the radiant panel with respect to the specimen must correspond with the
dimensions shown in Fig. A1.1. These relationships shall be achieved by adjustment between the panel and its mounting bracket,
the two main frames, and the position of the specimen holder guides. Make these adjustments for the specimen in the vertical
position. Detailed procedures for making these adjustments are given in A1.1.3 and A1.1.4.
FIG. A1.1 Specimen and Panel Arrangement
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FIG. A1.2 Position of Pilot Flame
A1.2.2 Position the fume stack for heat release measurements on the specimen support frame in the position shown in Fig. 7, so
as to allow for stack removal and cleaning. Mount the compensating thermocouple in such a manner that good thermal contact is
achieved while ensuring greater than 1 MΩ electrical resistance from the stack metal wall.
A1.3 Thermal Adjustment of Radiant Panel Operating Level
A1.3.1 Thermal adjustment of the panel operating level is achieved by first setting an air flow of about 30 m /h through the panel
(see 6.1.5.26.2.5.2). Gas is then supplied and the panel ignited and allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with a dummy specimen
mounted before it. At proper operating condition there shall be no visible flaming from the panel surface except when viewed from
one side parallel to the panel surface plane. From this direction a thin blue flame very close to the panel surface will be observed.
An oblique view of the panel after a 15-min warm-up period shall show a bright orange radiating surface.
A1.3.2 With a water cooled (Note A1.1) fluxmeter mounted in a special dummy specimen (see Fig. 1), the flux incident on the
specimen shall correspond to the values shown in Table A1.1. Compliance with this requirement is achieved by adjustment of the
air gas flow rates. When required, make changes in air and gas flow to achieve the condition of no significant flaming from the
panel surface. In systems using a venturi, the flux levels shall be changed by adjusting only the air valve. Precise duplication of
the flux measurements specified in Table A1.1 for the 50 and 350 mm positions on the basis of the fluxmeter calibration used will
fix the flux at the other stations well within the limits called for. This does not mean that the measured flux levels are correct, but
it does ensure that a fixed configuration or view geometry between the panel and specimen have been achieved. To meet these
requirements, make changes in the specimen longitudinal position shown by Dimension B in Fig. A1.1. A plot and smooth curve
shall be developed on the basis of the fifteen or at least eight flux measurements required. The shape of the curve shall be similar
to that defined by the typical data shown in Table A1.1. Records of the radiation pyrometer signal shall be kept following successful
completion of this calibration procedure. If a change in panel-specimen axial position is required to meet the requirements for flux
at the 50 and 350 mm positions, this shall be done by adjusting the screws connecting the two frames. In this way, the pilot position
with respect to the specimen will remain unchanged. Make no further change in the spacing of the two frames. The specimen stop
screw adjustment shall be changed to meet the flux requirements in this test method, and then the position of the pilot burner mount
shall be checked and, if necessary, adjusted to maintain the 10 + 2, − 0 mm pilot spacing.
NOTE A1.1—Caution: Water cooling of the fluxmeter is required to avoid damage to the fluxmeter and erroneous signals at low flux levels. The
temperature of the cooling water shall be controlled in such a manner that the fluxmeter body temperature remains within a few degrees of room
temperature. It is essential to make flux measurement corrections for temperature differences between the fluxmeter body and room temperature. Failure
to supply water cooling has the potential to result in thermal damage to the sensing surface and loss of calibration of the fluxmeter.
NOTE A1.1—Caution: Water cooling of the fluxmeter is required to avoid damage to the fluxmeter and erroneous signals at low flux levels. The
temperature of the cooling water shall be controlled in such a manner that the fluxmeter body temperature remains within a few degrees of room
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TABLE A1.1 Calibration of Flux to the Specimen
NOTE 1— Listed are typical flux incident on the specimen and specimen
positions at which the calibration measurements are to be made. The flux
at 50 and 350-mm positions shall be set as accurately as possible.
Calibration data at other positions shall agree with typical values within
10 %. This calibration shall be performed with the use of the special
dummy specimen. It is possible to measure all except the first of the fifteen
typical measurements listed with two successive 50-mm withdrawals of
the calibration dummy specimen.
Distance from Exposed
Typical Flux Levels at the Calibration Position to be
End of the Specimen,
2 A 2
Specimen, kW/m Used, kW/m
mm
0 49.5
50 50.5 50.5
100 49.5
150 47.1 X
200 43.1
250 37.8 X
300 30.9
350 23.9 23.9
400 18.2
450 13.2 X
500 9.2
550 6.2 X
600 4.3
650 3.1 X
700 2.2
750 1.5 X
A
An X indicates fluxes at the additional six measuring positions required by the
standard. The seven empty spaces represent the fluxes at the additional but not
required measuring positions in this test method.
temperature. It is essential to make flux measurement corrections for temperature differences between the fluxmeter body and room temperature. Failure
to supply water cooling has the potential to result in thermal damage to the sensing surface and loss of calibration of the fluxmeter.
A1.3.3 Once these operating conditions have been achieved, all future panel operation shall take place with the established air flow
with gas supply as the variable to achieve the specimen flux as calibrated. Monitor this level with use of a radiation pyrometer fixed
to view the source surface.
A1.3.4 Achieve the following adjustments and calibrations by burning methane gas from a line heat source located parallel to and
in the same plane as the centerline of a dummy specimen located in the vertical position and without fluxmeters. This line burner
consists of a 2-m length of pipe of 9.1-mm internal diameter. One end is closed off with a cap, and a line of 15 holes of 3-mm
diameter is drilled at 16-mm spacing through the pipe wall. The gas is burned as it flows through this line of vertically positioned
holes, and flames up through the stack. The measured flow rate and the net or lower heating value of the gas serve to produce a
known heat release rate that is observed as a compensated thermocouple millivolt signal change. Prior to performing calibration
tests, conduct measurements to verify that the stack thermocouple compensation has been properly adjusted.
A1.3.5 Compensation Adjustment:
A1.3.5.1 The fraction of the signal from the compensator thermocouple that is subtracted from the stack thermocouple is adjusted
by means of the resistance of one leg of a potential divider shown in Fig. A1.3. The purpose of this adjustment is to eliminate,
as far as practical, from the stack signal the long-term signal changes resulting from the relatively slow stack metal temperature
variations. Fig. A1.4 shows the curves resulting from low compensation, correct compensation, and overcompensation. These
curves were obtained by abruptly placing the lighted gas calibration burner adjacent to the hot end of a dummy specimen, and then
extinguishing it. For this adjustment the calibration feed rate shall be set to correspond to a heat rate of 1 kW. The compensator
potential divider shall be adjusted to yield curves that show a rapid rise to a steady state signal that is essentially constant over
a 5-min period following the first minute of signal rise. The apparatus is properly adjusted if, when the calibration burner is shut
off, the signal rapidly decreases and reaches a steady state value within 2 min. Following this, there shall be no long-term rise or
fall of the signal. Experience has shown that between 40 and 50 % of the compensation thermocouple signal is included in the
output signal to achieve this condition, but variation in equipment will require other values. When properly adjusted, a square
thermal pulse of 7 kW shall show not more than 7 % overshoot shortly after application of the calibration flame (see Fig. A1.5).
E1317 − 19
NOTE 1—Two sets of thermocouples and lead wires are required. The wire size and lengths within the fume thermocouple circuit group must be the
same to ensure proper signal averaging. The parallel connection of the couples shall be achieved at the mixing box by plug connection of the leads. This
allows quick removal and checks for continuity and grounding problems with minimum delay. No cold junction shall be
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