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ASTM F477-14(2021)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe

Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal. Tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression set, accelerated aging, water immersion, ozone resistance, and force decay shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal.  
1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubber gaskets, or a combination of both.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jun-2021
ICS
23.040.80 - Seals for pipe and hose assemblies
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.20 - Joining
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F477-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic PipeASTM F477-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
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ASTM F477-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F477 −14 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF477;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.1 This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets)
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity,
D518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to
3
Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)
push-onjointswhichrequirenointernalorexternalpressureto
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
effect the initial seal.
Oven
1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubber
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
gaskets, or a combination of both.
D1149TestMethodsforRubberDeterioration—Crackingin
an Ozone Controlled Environment
1.3 Thetextofthisspecificationreferencesnotes,footnotes,
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These D1229Test Method for Rubber Property—Compression Set
at Low Temperatures
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
not be considered as requirements of the specification. D1349Practice for Rubber—Standard Conditions for Test-
ing
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D1414Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D1415Test Method for Rubber Property—International
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Hardness
and are not considered standard.
D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
ness
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
F913Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
2.2 NSF Standards:
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
Standard No. 14for Plastic Piping Components and Related
regulatory limitations prior to use. 4
Materials
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Standard No. 61for Drinking Water Systems Components-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4
Health Effects
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions—Terms relating to rubber or elastomer shall
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
beasdefinedinTerminologyD1566.Termsrelatingtoplastics
shall be as defined in Terminology D883.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 sealing portion of the gasket—any part of the elasto-
D395Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
meric material that is in deformation which provides seals
between the bell and spigot of adjoining sections of pipe.
4. Composition and Manufacture
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
4.1 All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a
Current edition approved June 15, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally
mannerthatanycrosssectionwillbedense,homogeneous,and
published as approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
F477–14. DOI: 10.1520/F0477-14R21.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
the ASTM website. Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F477 − 14 (2021)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Elastomeric Se
...

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This specification covers requirements for solvent cements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings. Solvent cement shall be a CPVC resin-based solution, shall be free-flowing, shall show no gelation or stratification, and shall not contain lumps or any foreign matter. Other requirements include resin content, dissolution, viscosity, shelf stability, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength. Test procedures for solid contents, inert filler determination, viscosity, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength are included in this specification.
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1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings.  
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5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, pressurized gaseous testing media leak testing is conducted after installation to discover and correct or repair leaks or faults in a newly constructed or modified PA12 pressure piping system before placing the system in service. Leakage or faults most commonly occur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressure is required.  
5.2 Safety is of paramount importance when conducting pressurized gaseous testing media leak tests because testing results include no leaks, leaks, sudden violent rupture, or catastrophic failure.  
5.3 Systems that contain lower pressure rated or non-pressure rated components that cannot be isolated or removed from exposure to test pressure, or where temporary caps or closures are not practical, are not suitable for testing in accordance with this practice.  
5.4 Leakage Allowance—Leakage is not allowed for butt and electrofusion joints, and restrained gas-tight mechanical joints. See 7.6. Contact the joint, connection or component manufacturer for leakage correction information if leakage occurs at a joint, connection or component having a mechanical seal.  
5.5 Poisson-Effect Expansion and Contraction—When test pressure is applied to plastic piping systems that have fully restrained joints such as heat fusion, electrofusion, bolted flanges, etc., either reduction of overall pipe length or an increase in longitudinal stress results from diametrical expansion of the pipe. Disjoining (pull-out) of partially restrained or non-restrained connections or joints, such as some in-line mechanical connectors having insufficient resistance to pull-out stress or length reduction, is possible when partially restrained or unrestrained joints are in-line with the fully restrained test section. To prevent Poisson-effect disjoining of partially restrained or non-restrained joints take measures such as installing external joint restraints (diametrical clamps and tie-rods) on...
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1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety, pre-test preparation, and procedures for conducting field tests of polyamide-12 (PA12) pressure piping systems after installation using gaseous testing media such as un-odorized inert non-toxic gas or air, and applying pressure to determine if leaks exist in the system (pneumatic leak testing). This practice applies only to testing to discover leakage. Testing for other purposes such as testing to establish operating pressure is beyond the scope of this practice.  
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1.3 Where hydrostatic testing is specified in contract documents or by the authority having jurisdiction, testing using pressurized gaseous testing media (pneumatic) testing shall not be substituted without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.4 Some manufacturers prohibit or restrict testing of their products with pressurized gaseous testing media. Contact component manufacturers for information. Where the manufacturer of a test section component prohibits or restricts testing with pressurized gaseous testing media testing in accordance with this practice shall not be used without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction and the component manufacturer.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for a three piece tee connector for connection between plastic pipe and insitu pipes, manholes and wastewater structures in sanitary and storm sewer applications. The three piece seal system consists of a 4 through 30-in. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hub pipe, an elastomeric seal (gasket) and a mechanical band. The system is installed in either a bored or cast hole opening in the host pipe or structure to a specific dimension that corresponds to the combined diameter of the PVC pipe outside diameter/tolerance and the elastomeric seal thickness. These tee connectors are designed to provide a non-pressure (gravity flow) watertight connection between the incoming pipe and an insitu pipe or manhole/structure to the limits defined in this standard. This specification deals with materials and manufacture, principles of design, basis of acceptance, test methods and requirements, rejection and rehearing, certification, markings, quality assurance, and packaging and package marking.
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FIG. 1 Three-Piece Sealing System (Connector)  
1.2 These tee connectors are designed to provide a non-pressure (gravity flow) watertight connection between the incoming pipe and an insitu pipe or manhole/structure to the limits defined in this standard.
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Note 2: These connectors are not resilient connectors, and as such, allow for only a limited amount of lateral movement due to the tight compression seal between the PVC hub and insitu pipe/structure. Since these connectors are not rigid fittings, a significant amount of axial movement can be accommodated, but the degree of intrusion into the host pipe/structure must be regulated to minimize the impact on flow characteristics or hydraulic design conditions.  
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4.1 These procedures can be used to evaluate chemicals or materials expected to come in contact with plastic piping relative to causing environmental stress-cracking in thermoplastic materials. This testing results in determining time-to-failure versus engineering stress. This procedure can also be used in stress-rupture regression analysis, where a variety of stress levels are needed. The methodology can be readily adapted to conducting immersion tests in liquids or testing temperatures other than 73 °F (23 °C).
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5.1 The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer joint being tested and at the time of testing.
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This specification covers the material, dimensional, and mechanical requirements, and associated test methods for fabricated or molded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gasketed sewer fittings manufactured from pipe, or from a combination of pipe and injection molded parts, or from injection molded parts that are suitable for non-pressure drainage of sewage and surface water, as well as applications involving subsurface drainage. The fittings shall adhere to specified values for outside diameter, wall thickness, socket length, and spigot length. When evaluated according to the test procedures provided herein, the fittings shall meet specified requirements for impact strength, pipe stop load support, internal stress, and branch bending. The products shall also undergo referee testing and quality control tests.
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Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Tear Resistance of a Sealant Under Constant Strain

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to determine if a joint that is subjected to a mechanically induced cut will resist tear propagation during normal joint movement.
Note 1: A sealant with a high resistance to tear propagation may perform better than a sealant with a low resistance to tear propagation.
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1.2 Since this test method is for the evaluation of tear propagation, an adhesive failure to the substrates provides no usable data regarding tear propagation. This would be considered a failed test and that data would be discarded, or at least separated from the other data from specimens that did not experience an adhesive failure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This standard is similar in concept to European Technical Approval Guidelines (ETAG) 002, Part 1, Section 5.1.4.6.4—Resistance To Tearing.  
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5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, pressurized gaseous testing media leak testing is conducted after installation to discover and correct or repair leaks or faults in a newly constructed or modified PA12 pressure piping system before placing the system in service. Leakage or faults most commonly occur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressure is required.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety, pre-test preparation, and procedures for conducting field tests of polyamide-12 (PA12) pressure piping systems after installation using gaseous testing media such as un-odorized inert non-toxic gas or air, and applying pressure to determine if leaks exist in the system (pneumatic leak testing). This practice applies only to testing to discover leakage. Testing for other purposes such as testing to establish operating pressure is beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.2 Leak testing with pressurized gaseous testing media shall be used only if one or both of the following conditions exists:  
1.2.1 The piping system is so designed that it cannot be filled with a liquid, or  
1.2.2 The piping system service cannot tolerate traces of liquid testing media.  
1.3 Where hydrostatic testing is specified in contract documents or by the authority having jurisdiction, testing using pressurized gaseous testing media (pneumatic) testing shall not be substituted without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.4 Some manufacturers prohibit or restrict testing of their products with pressurized gaseous testing media. Contact component manufacturers for information. Where the manufacturer of a test section component prohibits or restricts testing with pressurized gaseous testing media testing in accordance with this practice shall not be used without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction and the component manufacturer.
Note 1: Components that are not suitable for testing with gaseous testing media may not be suitable for service with pressurized gas.  
1.5 This practice does not address leak testing using pressurized liquids (hydrostatic testing). For field leak testing using pressurized liquids, consult the manufacturer for guidance.  
1.6 This practice does not apply to leak testing of non-p...

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