F17.20 - Joining

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed, (Note 1). (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.  
5.2 When used in conjunction with manually-operated machines, the Device records information about the procedure used, the operator, the equipment, and the piping material. The Device may capture photographs of the set up (alignment and cleanliness) as well as the completed fusion bead. These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.
Note 1: The Device cannot show all aspects of the heat butt fusion conditions (such as wind, cold weather, blowing dust and sand, etc.) and does not preclude periodic joint testing as described in the applicable fusion standard or procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on heat butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures such as Practice F2620, Specification F3372, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice primarily applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines and can be utilized for documenting heat butt fusion joints completed with manually-operated fusion machines.  
1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints suitable for pressure service with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of electrofusion joining techniques in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable electrofusion joining procedures are available from various sources including fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable electrofusion joints. (Note 1)
Note 1: Reference to the manufacturer in this practice refers to the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.  
1.2 The parameters and procedure are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings (Note 2) which are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035, Specification F2619, and AWWA C901 and C906.
Note 2: Commercially available materials classified with a thermoplastic pipe material designation code beginning with PE 14, PE 23, PE 24, PE 27, PE 33, PE 34, PE 36, and PE 46, and PE 47 in accordance with Specification D3350 and Terminology F412 are generally acceptable for electrofusion joining using this practice. Consult with the pipe or fitting manufacturer for specific compatibility information.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendices which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7, 8, and 9, when implemented using suitable equipment and procedures in either a shop or field environment, produce strong pressure-tight joints equal to the strength of the piping material. Some materials are more adaptable to one technique than another. Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer's instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes general procedures for making joints with polyolefin pipe and fittings (excluding polyethylene pipe and fittings) by means of heat fusion joining techniques in either a shop or field environment. These procedures are general ones. Specific instructions for heat fusion joining are obtained from product manufacturers. See Practice F2620 for heat fusion joining of polyethylene pipe and fittings.  
1.2 The techniques covered are applicable only to joining polyolefin pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry, for example, polypropylenes to polypropylenes, or polybutylenes to polybutylenes. Material, density, and flow rate shall be taken into consideration in order to develop uniform melt viscosities and formation of a good fusion bond when joining the same material to itself or to other materials of related polymer chemistry.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyolefin pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific safety precautions in 3.1.1, 5.2, 8.2.3.1, Note 8 and Note 9, and A1.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers socket fusion tools for use in making socket fusion joints between polyethylene pipe or tubing and fittings as specified by certain specifications. It covers newly manufactured heater faces and used heater faces which have been recoated. Heater faces may be manufactured from aluminum, steel, or other suitable heat conducting material. The manufacture of these socket fusion tools shall be in accordance with good commercial practice so as to produce socket fusion tools meeting the requirements specified. Heater faces shall have surfaces free of cracks, voids, foreign inclusions, or injurious defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers socket fusion tools for use in making socket fusion joints between polyethylene pipe or tubing and fittings as specified by Specifications D3035, D2513, and D2683. This specification covers newly manufactured heater faces and used heater faces which have been recoated. Requirements for materials, workmanship, and dimensions are included. Where applicable on this specification, “pipe” shall mean “pipe” and “tubing.”  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for solvent cements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings. Solvent cement shall be a CPVC resin-based solution, shall be free-flowing, shall show no gelation or stratification, and shall not contain lumps or any foreign matter. Other requirements include resin content, dissolution, viscosity, shelf stability, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength. Test procedures for solid contents, inert filler determination, viscosity, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength are included in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings.  
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are used with CPVC 41 chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which meet Class 23447 as defined in Specification D1784.  
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. See also Practices F3328 and D2855.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings for pressure and nonpressure systems.  
1.2 Recommendation for using solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. Satisfactory joining of pipe and fittings cannot be made in the presence of water, as water destroys the bonding ability of solvent cement; therefore, all materials must be dry for satisfactory joining.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, material, and minimum performance requirements of resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete manhole structures and corrugated high density polyethylene drainage pipes. These connectors are designed to provide a positive seal between the pipe and manholes or other structures subjected to internal and external hydrostatic pressures. The design of the connector shall be such that positive seal is accomplished at two locations: (1) between the connector and the wall of the manhole or structure and (2) between the connector and the pipe. The connectors shall be tested for hydrostatic pressure test to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, material, and minimum performance requirements of resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete structures conforming to Specifications C478/C478M and C913 to annular corrugated profile wall high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) drainage and sewer pipe conforming to Specifications F2306/F2306M, F2648/F2648M, F2763/F2763M, F2764/F2764M, F2881/F2881M and F2947/F2947M.  
1.1.1 These connectors are designed to provide a positive seal between the pipe and manholes or other structures subjected to internal and external hydrostatic pressures less than 10.8 psi [74 KPa].  
1.1.2 Testing under this standard is limited to hydrostatic pressures. Alternate air and vacuum pressure testing involve unique testing protocols and are not addressed under this standard.  
1.1.3 Testing under this standard is conducted in a laboratory as a proof of design certification. Actual field performance testing would be accomplished and accepted under individual project performance standards or pipeline acceptance criteria, which is outside the scope of this standard.
Note 1: Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between manhole structures and pipe, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.
Note 2: This specification may be applied to other types of plastic drainage pipe. Consult with manufacturer of pipe for applicability to this standard.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see 7.2.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than a certain ft. head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. The joints are classified into two types based on effecting watertightness through compression of an elastomeric seal or ring: push-on-joint is a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is compressed in the annular space between a bell end or socket and a spigot end of pipe and mechanical joint is a joint made using mechanical means or devices to develop a pressure seal. Joints shall not leak when subjected to the internal and external hydrostatic tests. All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the gasket bears shall be smooth and free of cracks, fractures, or imperfections. The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a continuous elastomeric ring. In mechanical joints, the pipe spigot shall have a wall thickness sufficient to withstand, without deformation or collapse, the compressive force exerted when the fitting is tightened. Some joint designs provide for the angular deflection of a pipe joint, without reducing watertightness. Where greater deflections are required than permitted by the joint design, suitable fittings must be provided. The joint components shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasket when joined without cracking or fracturing when tested. Dimensions of joint components and gaskets shall meet the requirements specified. Test methods such as internal pressure test and vacuum test shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than 25-ft head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. This specification is intended to cover the test requirements, test methods, and acceptable materials. The test methods described for the joints are not intended to be routine quality control tests but to be reliability or performance requirements.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, paragraph 7.5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the pipe being tested and at the time of testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installed non-perforated, gasketed corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipelines using either water infiltration or exfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity via the level of leakage of the installed materials, construction procedures and installation qualityvia the level of leakage. Pipe to be tested under this practice shall include corrugated HDPE and PP drainage pipe meeting the requirements of Specifications F2306/F2306M, F2763, F2764/F2764M, F2881/F2881M and F2947/F2947M.
Note 1: The performance criteria specified in this standard may be used for other plastic pipe products. The engineer, however, must assess if the testing procedures are adequate for the particular material and installation being considered.
Note 2: The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 600 mm (24 in.) diameter or larger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.  
1.2 This test method shall be performed on lines after all connections and service laterals have been plugged and braced adequately to withstand the test pressures. The time between completion of the backfill operations and testing shall be specified by the approving authority.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides general requirements for solvent cements used in joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe or fittings to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe or fittings in non-pressure applications only. The solvent cement shall be a solution of Class 12454-B, unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) molding or extrusion compound. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of resin content, dissolution, viscosity, lap shear strength, hydrostatic burst strength, solids content, and bond strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides general requirements for solvent cements used in joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe or fittings to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe or fittings.  
1.2 These cements are intended for use in cementing transition joints between ABS and PVC materials in non-pressure applications only (25 psi (170 kPa) or less).  
Note 1: This specification was developed to provide a means for joining an ABS non-pressure piping system using a solvent-cemented transition joint, for example, joining ABS building drain to a PVC sewer system. The intention was not to create a specification for an all purpose ABS-PVC solvent cement that would be used for mixing of ABS and PVC piping materials nor to specify a cement that could generally be used for either material. Specific cements for ABS or PVC components should be used (see 1.3).  
1.3 Solvent cements used for joining PVC pipe and fittings are specified in Specification D2564. Solvent cements used for joining ABS pipe and fittings are specified in Specification D2235.  
1.4 A recommended procedure for joining ABS to PVC pipe and fittings for non-pressure applications is given in the appendix.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides general requirements for styrene-rubber solvent cements used in joining styrene-rubber (SR) plastic pipe and fittings. A recommended procedure for joining styrene-rubber pipe and fittings is given. The materials shall meet the required resin content, dissolution, viscosity, and lap shear strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides general requirements for styrene-rubber solvent cements to be used in joining styrene-rubber (SR) plastic pipe and fittings.  
1.2 A recommended procedure for joining styrene-rubber pipe and fittings is given in the appendix.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for a three piece tee connector for connection between plastic pipe and insitu pipes, manholes and wastewater structures in sanitary and storm sewer applications. The three piece seal system consists of a 4 through 30-in. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hub pipe, an elastomeric seal (gasket) and a mechanical band. The system is installed in either a bored or cast hole opening in the host pipe or structure to a specific dimension that corresponds to the combined diameter of the PVC pipe outside diameter/tolerance and the elastomeric seal thickness. These tee connectors are designed to provide a non-pressure (gravity flow) watertight connection between the incoming pipe and an insitu pipe or manhole/structure to the limits defined in this standard. This specification deals with materials and manufacture, principles of design, basis of acceptance, test methods and requirements, rejection and rehearing, certification, markings, quality assurance, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for a three piece tee connector for connection between plastic pipe and insitu pipes, manholes and wastewater structures in sanitary and storm sewer applications.  
1.1.1 The three piece seal system consists of a 4 through 30-in. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hub pipe, an elastomeric seal (gasket) and a mechanical band (Fig. 1). The system is installed in either a bored or cast hole opening in the host pipe or structure to a specific dimension that corresponds to the combined diameter of the PVC pipe outside diameter/tolerance and the elastomeric seal thickness.
FIG. 1 Three-Piece Sealing System (Connector)  
1.2 These tee connectors are designed to provide a non-pressure (gravity flow) watertight connection between the incoming pipe and an insitu pipe or manhole/structure to the limits defined in this standard.
Note 1: Connections covered by this specification are adequate for laboratory hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft of head) without leakage when tested in accordance with the provisions of this standard. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between incoming pipe and the insitu pipe or manhole structure, and allowable quantities may need to be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system. Where connections are made to concrete manhole sections refer to Specification C923.
Note 2: These connectors are not resilient connectors, and as such, allow for only a limited amount of lateral movement due to the tight compression seal between the PVC hub and insitu pipe/structure. Since these connectors are not rigid fittings, a significant amount of axial movement can be accommodated, but the degree of intrusion into the host pipe/structure must be regulated to minimize the impact on flow characteristics or hydraulic design conditions.  
1.3  The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal. Tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression set, accelerated aging, water immersion, ozone resistance, and force decay shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal.  
1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubber gaskets, or a combination of both.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard practice is designed to specify the minimum training and testing required of HFE operators trainees before they obtain a Heat Fusion Equipment Operator Qualification card. It will allow the industry to require the “HFE” operators be trained and qualified to an approved procedure before they can heat fuse PE or PA pipe in the field. The standard practice will bring more competency in the operators and more consistency in the training they receive.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes criteria for the training, assessment and qualification of heat fusion equipment (HFE) operators in, but not limited to, a field environment in order to establish and maintain competency in the joining of Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide (PA) piping systems.  
1.2 This HFE operator training and qualification is applicable to heat fusion joining of PE pipe and fittings to other PE pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry specified in the heat fusion procedures or standards used. It is also applicable to heat fusion joining of PA pipe and fittings to other PA pipe and fittings of the same polymer chemistry specified in the heat fusion procedures or standards used. The heat fusion between PE pipe and fittings to PA pipe and fittings is NOT allowed.  
1.3 The HFE operator training and qualification shall be for butt fusion for either PE or PA piping products, using the specific brand and size range of fusion machine to be used by the HFE operator and the heat fusion procedures or standards specified. If the HFE operator trainee requests, the training shall also include saddle and/or socket fusion of PE pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry specified in the heat fusion procedures or standards used. This standard does not include training on the electro-fusion of these piping products.  
1.4 The HFE operator qualification shall be for one specific manufacturer’s fusion machine or a size range of that manufacturer’s hydraulic fusion machines or equipment that all operate in the same manner with the same hydraulic design and controls and the same heater and facer design. For smaller pipe sizes (6 in. and smaller), the qualification can be on a specific fusion machine or a combination of butt, saddle and/or socket fusion machines or equipment.  
1.5 The HFE operator qualification shall be on specific heat fusion procedures or standards specified for PE and PA pipes. For PE pipe and fittings, this shall include Practice F2620 or other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures, or a combination thereof. For PA-11 pipe and fittings, this shall include Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) Technical Report TR-45 or other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures. For PA-12 pipe and fittings, this shall include Practice F3372 or other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures, or a combination thereof. For other PA pipe materials, use other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the push-on joints of plastic pipe and fittings used for gravity and low-pressure applications. The gasket shall be fabricated from a high-grade thermoplastic elastomer meeting the following physical property requirements: tensile strength, elongation, hardness, low-temperature hardness, ozone resistance, accelerated aging, water immersion, and force decay or stress relaxation. All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe and fittings used for gravity and low-pressure applications.2 This specification refers to push-on joints that require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal.  
1.2 Requirements are given for thermoplastic elastomers.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for primers for use with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and fittings that are to be joined by PVC solvent cements. The primer shall be an organic liquid with water-like viscosity and shall not contain any undissolved particles. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the specified values of dissolving ability and stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for primers for use with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and fittings that are to be joined by PVC solvent cements meeting the requirements of Specification D2564.  
1.2 These primers are used in pressure and nonpressure applications with plain end pipe and either socket-type fittings or bell end pipe. These primers prepare the surface of pipe and fittings before the application of solvent cement. The primer's effect on the set and cure time of the joint is dependent on the cement, pipe size, application method, temperature, and humidity.  
1.3 A procedure for using the primer with cement is given in Practice D2855.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures described in Section 8 are intended for butt-fusion joining of CX-PE pipe and tubing, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. Appropriate controls are established on the butt-fusion joining process to ensure that the pipe is suitable for joining, that the operator is properly trained, that adequate apparatus and procedures are used, and that the process is protected from environmental extremes. The controls are established by testing butt-fusion joints, operator skills, the apparatus and the procedures used. When this practice is properly implemented, strong pressure and leak-tight joints are produced. When joints made in accordance with this practice are destructively tested, failures are expected to occur outside the fusion-joined area.  
5.1.1 This practice shall not be used to join PEX pipe or tubing made in accordance with Specification F876 or any other PEX pipe or system specification. This practice is not intended to be used for pipe or tubing to be crosslinked by radiation or by using peroxides. This practice shall not be used to join CX-PE pipe that has been commissioned. CX-PE pipe that has been commissioned is crosslinked pipe.  
5.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters, therefore, consider the manufacturers instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure.  
5.3 The butt fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining CX-PE pipe and tubing that is used in pressure, low pressure, and non-pressure applications. For some applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.  
5.4 This butt-fusion joining practice shall only be used to join pipe or tubing made from compatible CX-PE compounds and meeting the same specification dimensions for ou...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making butt fusion joints with crosslinkable polyethylene (CX-PE) pipe and tubing2 which is less than 30 % crosslinked at the time of joining. This practice shall not be applied to crosslinked products, that is PEX pipe or tubing or to CX-PE after commissioning3 (commissioning transitions CX-PE pipe into crosslinked pipe).
Note 1: For avoidance of doubt, CX-PE is a completely different product than PEX, especially for the purposes of butt-fusion joining and the fabrication of fittings. The two must not be confused by the reader of this standard.  
1.2 The main difference between this practice and Practice F2620 is that the production date of pipe must be checked prior to butt fusion. Field experiments have indicated that it is best to make heat fused joints before the pipe has aged six months to ensure it has not crosslinked more than 30 % at ambient conditions. (See 7.2.)  
1.3 Joints are made by means of butt-fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable butt-fusion joining procedures may be available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This practice does not claim to address all possible butt-fusion joining procedures and does not prevent the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable butt fusion joints.  
1.4 The parameters and procedures set forth in this practice are applicable to the butt-fusion joining of CX-PE pipe and tubing. Consult with the manufacturers of CX-PE pipe or tubing to ensure that they approve of the use of this practice for butt-fusion joining of their products. This practice applies to butt fusion of both CX-PE pipe and tubing even when tubing is not explicitly referred to.  
1.5 CX-PE pipe or tubing is required to produce sound joints when using the joining procedures described in this practice. Component ends joined in accordance with th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7 – 9 are primarily intended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. When properly implemented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. When these joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outside the fusion joined area.  
4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer’s instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure. See Annex A1.  
4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe and fittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purpose pipes and fittings made to PE product specifications from organizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that are used in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications. For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heat fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable heat fusion joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This practice does not purport to address all possible heat fusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proved to produce reliable heat fusion joints.  
1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe in accordance with Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification F714, Specification D3035, and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufacturers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe to be joined (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: The parameters and procedures shown for Section 8. Procedure 2—Butt Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33. The parameters and procedures shown in Section 9. Procedure 3— Saddle Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in PPI TR-41.
Note 2: Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that have related polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33 and TR-41.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade O...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, testing, and performance characteristics of joints for IPS PVC pipe using solvent cement. Testing requirements for both pressure and non-pressure pipe shall include socket dimensions, burst pressure, and joint tightness tests. PVC plastics, solvent cements, primer materials, workmanship, sampling, conditioning, marking, and quality shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the socket produced for solvent cement joints on both pressure and non-pressure IPS pipe. It also covers the testing of the joints on both pressure and non-pressure pipe, and includes requirements for socket dimensions, burst pressure, and joint tightness tests of the solvent cemented joints. The tests described are not intended for routine quality control, but rather to evaluate the performance characteristics of the joint.  
Note 1: On dual marked Schedule 40 DWV and potable water pipe, the socket bells must conform to the dimensional and physical requirements for pressure socket bells.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
Note 2: Changes in ground, water, or air temperature will produce expansion or contraction forces in PVC piping, and these will result in longitudinal shear stresses in the solvent cement joints. These stresses must be considered in the design and operation of the system.
Note 3: See Practice D618 for information relating to this specification.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) solvent cements to be used in joining poly(vinyl chloride) piping systems.  
1.2 These solvent cements are used with poly(vinyl chloride) piping systems made from compounds as defined in Specification D1784.  
1.3 A two-step procedure for joining PVC pipe and fittings is given in Practice D2855. A one-step procedure for joining PVC pipe and fittings is given in Practice F3328.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A solvent cement bonder/installer must follow all procedures to produce consistently strong and leak-free joints, either in shop operations or in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a two-step (primer and solvent cement) method of joining poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe and piping components with tapered sockets.
Note 1: Simplified procedures may be allowed in non-pressure applications where local codes permit.
Note 2: Where conflicts occur between the code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions, the more restrictive provisions apply.  
1.2 The products covered by this practice are intended for use with the distribution of pressured liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.  
Note 3: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.  
1.3 This standard practice does not address the one-step method of joining pipe and piping components with tapered sockets with solvent cement without the use of primer. For the one-step method see Practice F3328.  
1.4 The techniques covered are applicable to joining PVC to PVC or CPVC to CPVC pipe and piping components with tapered sockets. In the remainder of this standard practice, the term “piping components with tapered sockets”, whether it be bell end pipe, spigot connections, or any other type of tapered connections, will be referred to as “fittings.”  
1.5 A partial list of standards for PVC and CPVC pipe, piping components, and solvent cements suitable for use in joining pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making butt fusion joints with Polyamide 12 (PA12) pipe and fittings by means of heat fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Procedure A is for environmental temperatures of 40 °F (4 °C) and higher. Procedure B is for site temperatures below 40 °F (4 °C). Other suitable heat fusion joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible heat fusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proved to produce reliable heat fusion joints.  
1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only to joining PA12 pipe and fittings and are not applicable to other polyamide types. They are intended only for PA12 fuel gas pipe per Specification F2785 and PA12 butt heat fusion fittings in accordance with Specification F1733. Fusion to other polyamide types (that is, cross-fusion) is not permitted under this practice, and this practice does not not apply to other polyamide types. Consult with the pipe and fittings manufacturers to make sure they recommend this procedure for the pipe and fittings to be joined (also see Appendix X1).  
1.3 The procedures in this practice apply to the butt fusion of PA12 pipe and butt fusion fittings in accordance with 1.2 having like diameter and wall thickness.
Note 1: Refer to X1.5 for guidance regarding dissimilar wall thicknesses.  
1.4 Other suitable heat joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PA12 compounds are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer’s recommendations in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6.1 Non-conformance with this specification is possible if values from the two systems are combined. Values in parentheses are conversions that are appropriately rounded for accuracy and precision; that are not exact equivalents, and that are for non-mandatory informational purposes.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the two types of joints, mechanical joint and push-on-joint, required for plastic pipe pressure systems with a wall thickness equal to or greater than that of SDR 64 intended for use in supply and distribution lines for water using flexible elastomeric seals. The joint shall be designed to provide a permanent seal, with surfaces free of imperfections that could adversely affect its performance. Internal hydrostatic pressure and vacuum tests shall be conducted on the assembled joints under standard laboratory temperature and relative humidity conditions. The joint assemblies shall conform to the pressure rating, stiffness, and deflection requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the types of joints required for plastic pipe pressure systems with a wall thickness equal to or greater than that of SDR 64 and intended for use in supply and distribution lines for water, using flexible elastomeric seals. This specification covers the test requirements, test method, and materials. The test methods described are not intended to be routine quality control tests but are to evaluate the performance characteristics of the joint.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures in Sections 8 and 9, the manufacturer's instructions and equipment, pressure-tight joints can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe that are as strong as the pipe itself.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes general procedures for making joints with polyolefin pipe and fittings by means of electrofusion joining techniques. This practice is applicable to electrofusion fittings that utilize resistance wire as the heating element. These should be regarded as general procedures and not as a substitute for the installation procedures specified by the manufacturers. Manufacturers should be requested to supply specific recommendations for joining their products. This practice does not purport to address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable electrofusion joints.
Note 1: Reference to the manufacturer in this practice is defined as the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.  
1.2 The techniques covered are applicable only to joining polyolefin pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry, for example, polyethylenes to polyethylenes using a polyethylene electrofusion fitting. Consult the manufacturer's recommendations for compatibility of the electrofusion fitting with the specific pipe or fitting material to be joined.  
1.3 The electrofusion joining technique described can produce sound joints between polyolefin pipe and fittings, provided that all products involved (that is, pipe and fittings) meet the appropriate ASTM specifications.  
1.4 This practice is not limited by pipe or fitting size, however additional steps or procedures may be necessary when electrofusion joining to pipe of larger diameters. Consult the fitting manufacturer for additional specific instructions for joining their product.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method describes a procedure for qualifying the performance of joint restraint products for use on PVC pressure pipe systems by evaluating the effect of the joint restraint product on the performance characteristics of PVC pipe during cyclic pressure tests and static pressure tests. This test method is useful for establishing any effects that a joint restraint product has on the performance of PVC pressure pipe. This test method is designed so that success in all three parts of the test provides reasonable assurance that a joint restraint product may be used on PVC pipe at the full pressure rating and capacity of the pipe. Pipe specimen length, minimum burst pressure test, sustained pressure test, and cyclic surge pressure test shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for establishing any effects that a joint restraint product has on the performance of PVC pressure pipe. This test method is designed so that success in all three parts of the test provides reasonable assurance that a joint restraint product may be used on PVC pipe at the full pressure rating and capacity of the pipe.  
4.2 Restrained joint test specimens shall be subjected to internal pressures that are equal to the minimum burst pressure requirements for the pipe alone. The minimum burst pressure requirements for some common dimension ratios are shown in Table 1. The minimum burst pressures for other dimension ratios of pipe produced from 12454 PVC Compound (that is, pipe conforming to Specification D1785) may be determined based on a hoop stress of 6400 psi (44.13 MPa).  (A) The pressures listed approximate a hoop stress of 6400 psi (44.13 MPa). Some minor adjustments have been made to keep the test pressures uniform in order to simplify testing.  
4.3 Testing of restrained joint test specimens for 1000 h at the sustained pressure requirements indicates any tendency of the restraint to fail in the long term. The minimum sustained pressure requirements for some common dimension ratios are shown in Table 2. The minimum sustained pressure for other dimension ratios of pipe produced from 12454 PVC Compound (for example, pipe conforming to Specification D1785) may be determined based on a hoop stress of 4200 psi (28.96 MPa).  (A) The pressures listed approximate a hoop stress of 4200 psi (28.96 MPa). Some minor adjustments have been made to keep the test pressures uniform in order to simplify testing.  
4.4 A cyclic surge pressure test of restrained joint test specimens determines the effect of the joint restraint product on the cyclic fatigue life of PVC pipe. This test method provides a means for quickly identifying any reduction in performance that might result from the combination of the joint restraint product and the pipe. The...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for qualifying the performance of joint restraint products for use on PVC pressure pipe systems by evaluating the effect of the joint restraint product on the performance characteristics of PVC pipe during cyclic pressure tests and static pressure tests. The PVC pipe property values referenced in this test method are for the 12454 compound as described in Specification D1784 and a 4,000 HDB shall be obtained by categorizing the LTHS in accordance with Table 1 in Test Method D2837. That includes, but is not limited to, pipe produced in accordance with the following standards: Specifications D1785 and D2241, and AWWA C900.  
1.2 This test method determines the short-term performance of a joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves the testing of restrained joint test sections to the minimum burst pressure requirements of the pipe to determine quick burst performance.  
1.3 This test method determines the long-term effect of a joint restraint product on PVC pipe, which involves the testing of restrained joint test sections to the sustained pressure requirements of...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Solvent cement bonder/installers shall follow all procedures to produce consistently strong and leak-free joints, either in shop operations or in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a one-step (solvent cement only) method of joining pipe to fittings (and or piping components) that employ tapered sockets that provide an interference fit 1/3 to 2/3 ’s of the socket depth. This practice applies to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), or chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC).  
1.2 This practice shall only be used with products (pipe, fitting, fitting component and solvent cement) where manufacturer’s literature and local codes reference this ASTM standard practice: ASTM F3328.
Note 1: Where conflicts occur between the code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions, the more restrictive provisions apply.  
1.3 Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.
Note 2: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.  
1.4 Techniques covered are applicable to joining PVC to PVC, or CPVC to CPVC pipe and piping components with tapered sockets. In the remainder of this standard practice, the term “piping components with tapered sockets”, whether it be bell end pipe, spigot connections, or any other type of tapered connections, will be referred to as “fittings.”  
1.5 Text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers procedures for safe handling of solvent cements, primers, and cleaners used in joining thermoplastic pipe and fittings. The procedures are general ones and include safeguards against hazards of fire and precautions for protection of personnel from breathing of vapors and contact with skin or eyes. A number of the solvents contained in cements, primers, and cleaners are classified as airborne contaminants and flammable and combustible liquids. Avoid prolonged breathing of solvent vapors. Keep containers of cements, primers, and cleaners tightly closed except when the product is being used. Proper eye protection and the use of chemical goggles or face shields is advisable where the possibility of splashing exists in handling these products. Wear proper gloves impervious to and unaffected by the solvents when contact with the skin is likely.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for safe handling of solvent cements, primers, and cleaners used in joining thermoplastic pipe and fittings. The procedures are general ones and include safeguards against hazards of fire and precautions for protection of personnel from breathing of vapors and contact with skin or eyes.  
1.2 The word cleaner, when used in this practice, refers to chemical cleaners.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed, (Note 1). (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.  
5.2 When used in conjunction with manually-operated machines, the Device records information about the procedure used, the operator, the equipment, and the piping material. The Device may capture photographs of the set up (alignment and cleanliness) as well as the completed fusion bead. These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.
Note 1: The Device cannot show all aspects of the heat butt fusion conditions (such as wind, cold weather, blowing dust and sand, etc.) and does not preclude periodic joint testing as described in the applicable fusion standard or procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on heat butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures such as Practice F2620, Specification F3372, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice primarily applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines and can be utilized for documenting heat butt fusion joints completed with manually-operated fusion machines.  
1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings for pressure and nonpressure systems.  
1.2 Recommendation for using solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. Satisfactory joining of pipe and fittings cannot be made in the presence of water, as water destroys the bonding ability of solvent cement; therefore, all materials must be dry for satisfactory joining.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7 – 9 are primarily intended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. When properly implemented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. When these joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outside the fusion joined area.  
4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer’s instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure. See Annex A1.  
4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe and fittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purpose pipes and fittings made to PE product specifications from organizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that are used in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications. For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heat fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable heat fusion joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This practice does not purport to address all possible heat fusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proved to produce reliable heat fusion joints.  
1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe in accordance with Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification F714, Specification D3035, and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufacturers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe to be joined (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: The parameters and procedures shown for Section 8. Procedure 2—Butt Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33. The parameters and procedures shown in Section 9. Procedure 3— Saddle Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in PPI TR-41.
Note 2: Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that have related polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33 and TR-41.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade O...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7 – 9 are primarily intended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. When properly implemented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. When these joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outside the fusion joined area.  
4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer’s instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure. See Annex A1.  
4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe and fittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purpose pipes and fittings made to PE product specifications from organizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that are used in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications. For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heat fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable heat fusion joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This practice does not purport to address all possible heat fusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proved to produce reliable heat fusion joints.  
1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe in accordance with Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification F714, Specification D3035, and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufacturers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe to be joined (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: The parameters and procedures shown for Section 8. Procedure 2—Butt Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33. The parameters and procedures shown in Section 9. Procedure 3— Saddle Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in PPI TR-41.
Note 2: Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that have related polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33 and TR-41.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade O...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than a certain ft. head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. The joints are classified into two types based on effecting watertightness through compression of an elastomeric seal or ring: push-on-joint is a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is compressed in the annular space between a bell end or socket and a spigot end of pipe and mechanical joint is a joint made using mechanical means or devices to develop a pressure seal. Joints shall not leak when subjected to the internal and external hydrostatic tests. All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the gasket bears shall be smooth and free of cracks, fractures, or imperfections. The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a continuous elastomeric ring. In mechanical joints, the pipe spigot shall have a wall thickness sufficient to withstand, without deformation or collapse, the compressive force exerted when the fitting is tightened. Some joint designs provide for the angular deflection of a pipe joint, without reducing watertightness. Where greater deflections are required than permitted by the joint design, suitable fittings must be provided. The joint components shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasket when joined without cracking or fracturing when tested. Dimensions of joint components and gaskets shall meet the requirements specified. Test methods such as internal pressure test and vacuum test shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than 25-ft head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. This specification is intended to cover the test requirements, test methods, and acceptable materials. The test methods described for the joints are not intended to be routine quality control tests but to be reliability or performance requirements.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, paragraph 7.5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7 – 9 are primarily intended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. When properly implemented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. When these joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outside the fusion joined area.  
4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer’s instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure. See Annex A1.  
4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe and fittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purpose pipes and fittings made to PE product specifications from organizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that are used in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications. For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heat fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable heat fusion joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This practice does not purport to address all possible heat fusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proved to produce reliable heat fusion joints.  
1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe in accordance with Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification F714, Specification D3035, and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufacturers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe to be joined (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: The parameters and procedures shown for Section 8. Procedure 2—Butt Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33. The parameters and procedures shown in Section 9. Procedure 3— Saddle Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in PPI TR-41.
Note 2: Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that have related polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33 and TR-41.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade O...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, testing, and performance characteristics of joints for IPS PVC pipe using solvent cement. Testing requirements for both pressure and non-pressure pipe shall include socket dimensions, burst pressure, and joint tightness tests. PVC plastics, solvent cements, primer materials, workmanship, sampling, conditioning, marking, and quality shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the socket produced for solvent cement joints on both pressure and non-pressure IPS pipe. It also covers the testing of the joints on both pressure and non-pressure pipe, and includes requirements for socket dimensions, burst pressure, and joint tightness tests of the solvent cemented joints. The tests described are not intended for routine quality control, but rather to evaluate the performance characteristics of the joint.  
Note 1: On dual marked Schedule 40 DWV and potable water pipe, the socket bells must conform to the dimensional and physical requirements for pressure socket bells.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
Note 2: Changes in ground, water, or air temperature will produce expansion or contraction forces in PVC piping, and these will result in longitudinal shear stresses in the solvent cement joints. These stresses must be considered in the design and operation of the system.
Note 3: See Practice D618 for information relating to this specification.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for solvent cements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings. Solvent cement shall be a CPVC resin-based solution, shall be free-flowing, shall show no gelation or stratification, and shall not contain lumps or any foreign matter. Other requirements include resin content, dissolution, viscosity, shelf stability, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength. Test procedures for solid contents, inert filler determination, viscosity, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength are included in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings.  
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are used with CPVC 41 chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which meet Class 23447 as defined in Specification D1784.  
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. See also Practice F3328.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than a certain ft. head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. The joints are classified into two types based on effecting watertightness through compression of an elastomeric seal or ring: push-on-joint is a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is compressed in the annular space between a bell end or socket and a spigot end of pipe and mechanical joint is a joint made using mechanical means or devices to develop a pressure seal. Joints shall not leak when subjected to the internal and external hydrostatic tests. All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the gasket bears shall be smooth and free of cracks, fractures, or imperfections. The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a continuous elastomeric ring. In mechanical joints, the pipe spigot shall have a wall thickness sufficient to withstand, without deformation or collapse, the compressive force exerted when the fitting is tightened. Some joint designs provide for the angular deflection of a pipe joint, without reducing watertightness. Where greater deflections are required than permitted by the joint design, suitable fittings must be provided. The joint components shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasket when joined without cracking or fracturing when tested. Dimensions of joint components and gaskets shall meet the requirements specified. Test methods such as internal pressure test and vacuum test shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than 25-ft head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. This specification is intended to cover the test requirements, test methods, and acceptable materials. The test methods described for the joints are not intended to be routine quality control tests but to be reliability or performance requirements.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, paragraph 7.5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7 – 9 are primarily intended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropriate environmental control procedures. When properly implemented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. When these joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outside the fusion joined area.  
4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer’s instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure. See Annex A1.  
4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion procedures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe and fittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purpose pipes and fittings made to PE product specifications from organizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that are used in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications. For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testing joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulations from the authority having jurisdiction are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heat fusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable heat fusion joining procedures are available from various sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible heat fusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proved to produce reliable heat fusion joints.  
1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe in accordance with Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification F714, Specification D3035, and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufacturers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe to be joined (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: The parameters and procedures shown for Section 8. Procedure 2—Butt Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33. The parameters and procedures shown in Section 9. Procedure 3— Saddle Fusion, were developed and validated using testing documented in PPI TR-41.
Note 2: Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that have related polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) TR-33 and TR-41.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade O...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) solvent cements to be used in joining poly(vinyl chloride) piping systems.  
1.2 These solvent cements are used with poly(vinyl chloride) piping systems made from compounds as defined in Specification D1784.  
1.3 A procedure for joining PVC pipe and fittings is given in Practice D2855.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers socket fusion tools for use in making socket fusion joints between polyethylene pipe or tubing and fittings as specified by certain specifications. It covers newly manufactured heater faces and used heater faces which have been recoated. Heater faces may be manufactured from aluminum, steel, or other suitable heat conducting material. The manufacture of these socket fusion tools shall be in accordance with good commercial practice so as to produce socket fusion tools meeting the requirements specified. Heater faces shall have surfaces free of cracks, voids, foreign inclusions, or injurious defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers socket fusion tools for use in making socket fusion joints between polyethylene pipe or tubing and fittings as specified by Specifications D3035, D2513, and D2683. This specification covers newly manufactured heater faces and used heater faces which have been recoated. Requirements for materials, workmanship, and dimensions are included. Where applicable on this specification, “pipe” shall mean “pipe” and “tubing.”  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, material, and minimum performance requirements of resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete manhole structures and corrugated high density polyethylene drainage pipes. These connectors are designed to provide a positive seal between the pipe and manholes or other structures subjected to internal and external hydrostatic pressures. The design of the connector shall be such that positive seal is accomplished at two locations: (1) between the connector and the wall of the manhole or structure and (2) between the connector and the pipe. The connectors shall be tested for hydrostatic pressure test to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, material, and minimum performance requirements of resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete structures conforming to Specifications C478 and C913 to annular corrugated profile wall high density polyethylene (HDPE) drainage and sewer pipe conforming to AASHTO M252, M294, and M330 or Specifications F2306/F2306M, F2648/F2648M, F2736, F2763, F2764/F2764M, and F2947/F2947M.  
1.1.1 These connectors are designed to provide a positive seal between the pipe and manholes or other structures subjected to internal and external hydrostatic pressures less than 10.8 psi [74 KPa].  
1.1.2 Testing under this standard is limited to hydrostatic pressures. Alternate air and vacuum pressure testing involve unique testing protocols and are not addressed under this standard.  
1.1.3 Testing under this standard is conducted in a laboratory as a proof of design certification. Actual field performance testing would be accomplished and accepted under individual project performance standards or pipeline acceptance criteria, which is outside the scope of this standard.
Note 1: Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between manhole structures and pipe, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.
Note 2: This specification may be applied to other types of plastic drainage pipe. Consult with manufacturer of pipe for applicability to this standard.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see 7.2.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the pipe being tested and at the time of testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installed non-perforated, gasketed corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipelines using either water infiltration or exfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity via the level of leakage of the installed materials, construction procedures and installation qualityvia the level of leakage. Pipe to be tested under this practice shall include corrugated HDPE and PP drainage pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 252, AASHTO M 294 and Specifications F2306/F2306M, F2736, F2762, F2763, F2764/F2764M, and F2947/F2947M.
Note 1: The performance criteria specified in this standard may be used for other plastic pipe products. The engineer, however, must assess if the testing procedures are adequate for the particular material and installation being considered.
Note 2: The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 600-mm (24-in.) diameter or larger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pounds, which are provided for informational purposes only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This test method shall be performed on lines after all connections and service laterals have been plugged and braced adequately to withstand the test pressures. The time between completion of the backfill operations and testing shall be specified by the approving authority.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for a three piece tee connector for connection between plastic pipe and insitu pipes, manholes and wastewater structures in sanitary and storm sewer applications. The three piece seal system consists of a 4 through 30-in. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hub pipe, an elastomeric seal (gasket) and a mechanical band. The system is installed in either a bored or cast hole opening in the host pipe or structure to a specific dimension that corresponds to the combined diameter of the PVC pipe outside diameter/tolerance and the elastomeric seal thickness. These tee connectors are designed to provide a non-pressure (gravity flow) watertight connection between the incoming pipe and an insitu pipe or manhole/structure to the limits defined in this standard. This specification deals with materials and manufacture, principles of design, basis of acceptance, test methods and requirements, rejection and rehearing, certification, markings, quality assurance, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for a three piece tee connector for connection between plastic pipe and insitu pipes, manholes and wastewater structures in sanitary and storm sewer applications.  
1.1.1 The three piece seal system consists of a 4 through 30-in. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hub pipe, an elastomeric seal (gasket) and a mechanical band (Fig. 1). The system is installed in either a bored or cast hole opening in the host pipe or structure to a specific dimension that corresponds to the combined diameter of the PVC pipe outside diameter/tolerance and the elastomeric seal thickness.
FIG. 1 Three-Piece Sealing System (Connector)  
1.2 These tee connectors are designed to provide a non-pressure (gravity flow) watertight connection between the incoming pipe and an insitu pipe or manhole/structure to the limits defined in this standard.
Note 1: Connections covered by this specification are adequate for laboratory hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft of head) without leakage when tested in accordance with the provisions of this standard. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between incoming pipe and the insitu pipe or manhole structure, and allowable quantities may need to be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system. Where connections are made to concrete manhole sections refer to Specification C923.
Note 2: These connectors are not resilient connectors, and as such, allow for only a limited amount of lateral movement due to the tight compression seal between the PVC hub and insitu pipe/structure. Since these connectors are not rigid fittings, a significant amount of axial movement can be accommodated, but the degree of intrusion into the host pipe/structure must be regulated to minimize the impact on flow characteristics or hydraulic design conditions.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides general requirements for solvent cements used in joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe or fittings to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe or fittings in non-pressure applications only. The solvent cement shall be a solution of Class 12454-B, unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) molding or extrusion compound. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of resin content, dissolution, viscosity, lap shear strength, hydrostatic burst strength, solids content, and bond strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides general requirements for solvent cements used in joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe or fittings to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe or fittings.  
1.2 These cements are intended for use in cementing transition joints between ABS and PVC materials in non-pressure applications only (25 psi (170 kPa) or less).  
Note 1: This specification was developed to provide a means for joining an ABS non-pressure piping system using a solvent-cemented transition joint, for example, joining ABS building drain to a PVC sewer system. The intention was not to create a specification for an all purpose ABS-PVC solvent cement that would be used for mixing of ABS and PVC piping materials nor to specify a cement that could generally be used for either material. Specific cements for ABS or PVC components should be used (see 1.3).  
1.3 Solvent cements used for joining PVC pipe and fittings are specified in Specification D2564. Solvent cements used for joining ABS pipe and fittings are specified in Specification D2235.  
1.4 A recommended procedure for joining ABS to PVC pipe and fittings for non-pressure applications is given in the appendix.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings for pressure and nonpressure systems.  
1.2 Recommendation for using solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. Satisfactory joining of pipe and fittings cannot be made in the presence of water, as water destroys the bonding ability of solvent cement; therefore, all materials must be dry for satisfactory joining.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard practice is designed to specify the minimum training and testing required of HFE operators trainees before they obtain a Heat Fusion Equipment Operator Qualification card. It will allow the industry to require the “HFE” operators be trained and qualified to an approved procedure before they can heat fuse PE or PA pipe in the field. The standard practice will bring more competency in the operators and more consistency in the training they receive.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes criteria for the training, assessment and qualification of heat fusion equipment (HFE) operators in, but not limited to, a field environment in order to establish and maintain competency in the joining of Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide (PA) piping systems.  
1.2 This HFE operator training and qualification is applicable to heat fusion joining of PE pipe and fittings to other PE pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry specified in the heat fusion procedures or standards used. It is also applicable to heat fusion joining of PA pipe and fittings to other PA pipe and fittings of the same polymer chemistry specified in the heat fusion procedures or standards used. The heat fusion between PE pipe and fittings to PA pipe and fittings is NOT allowed.  
1.3 The HFE operator training and qualification shall be for butt fusion for either PE or PA piping products, using the specific brand and size range of fusion machine to be used by the HFE operator and the heat fusion procedures or standards specified. If the HFE operator trainee requests, the training shall also include saddle and/or socket fusion of PE pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry specified in the heat fusion procedures or standards used. This standard does not include training on the electro-fusion of these piping products.  
1.4 The HFE operator qualification shall be for one specific manufacturer’s fusion machine or a size range of that manufacturer’s hydraulic fusion machines or equipment that all operate in the same manner with the same hydraulic design and controls and the same heater and facer design. For smaller pipe sizes (6 in. and smaller), the qualification can be on a specific fusion machine or a combination of butt, saddle and/or socket fusion machines or equipment.  
1.5 The HFE operator qualification shall be on specific heat fusion procedures or standards specified for PE and PA pipes. For PE pipe and fittings, this shall include Practice F2620 or other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures, or a combination thereof. For PA-11 pipe and fittings, this shall include Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) Technical Report TR-45 or other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures. For other PA pipe materials, use other company or pipe manufacturer’s procedures.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7, 8, and 9, when implemented using suitable equipment and procedures in either a shop or field environment, produce strong pressure-tight joints equal to the strength of the piping material. Some materials are more adaptable to one technique than another. Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishing suitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufacturer's instructions in the use or development of a specific fusion procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes general procedures for making joints with polyolefin pipe and fittings (excluding polyethylene pipe and fittings) by means of heat fusion joining techniques in either a shop or field environment. These procedures are general ones. Specific instructions for heat fusion joining are obtained from product manufacturers. See Practice F2620 for heat fusion joining of polyethylene pipe and fittings.  
1.2 The techniques covered are applicable only to joining polyolefin pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry, for example, polypropylenes to polypropylenes, or polybutylenes to polybutylenes. Material, density, and flow rate shall be taken into consideration in order to develop uniform melt viscosities and formation of a good fusion bond when joining the same material to itself or to other materials of related polymer chemistry.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyolefin pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific safety precautions in 3.1.1, 5.2, 8.2.3.1, Note 8 and Note 9, and A1.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A solvent cement bonder/installer must follow all procedures to produce consistently strong and leak-free joints, either in shop operations or in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a two-step (primer and solvent cement) method of joining poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe and piping components with tapered sockets.
Note 1: Simplified procedures may be allowed in non-pressure applications where local codes permit.
Note 2: Where conflicts occur between the code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions, the more restrictive provisions apply.  
1.2 The products covered by this practice are intended for use with the distribution of pressured liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.  
Note 3: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.  
1.3 This standard practice does not address the one-step method of joining pipe and piping components with tapered sockets with solvent cement without the use of primer.  
1.4 The techniques covered are applicable to joining PVC to PVC or CPVC to CPVC pipe and piping components with tapered sockets. In the remainder of this standard practice, the term “piping components with tapered sockets”, whether it be bell end pipe, spigot connections, or any other type of tapered connections, will be referred to as “fittings.”  
1.5 A partial list of standards for PVC and CPVC pipe, piping components, and solvent cements suitable for use in joining pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides general requirements for styrene-rubber solvent cements used in joining styrene-rubber (SR) plastic pipe and fittings. A recommended procedure for joining styrene-rubber pipe and fittings is given. The materials shall meet the required resin content, dissolution, viscosity, and lap shear strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides general requirements for styrene-rubber solvent cements to be used in joining styrene-rubber (SR) plastic pipe and fittings.  
1.2 A recommended procedure for joining styrene-rubber pipe and fittings is given in the appendix.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for primers for use with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and fittings that are to be joined by PVC solvent cements. The primer shall be an organic liquid with water-like viscosity and shall not contain any undissolved particles. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the specified values of dissolving ability and stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for primers for use with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe and fittings that are to be joined by PVC solvent cements meeting the requirements of Specification D2564.  
1.2 These primers are used in pressure and nonpressure applications with plain end pipe and either socket-type fittings or bell end pipe. These primers prepare the surface of pipe and fittings before the application of solvent cement. The primer's effect on the set and cure time of the joint is dependent on the cement, pipe size, application method, temperature, and humidity.  
1.3 A procedure for using the primer with cement is given in Practice D2855.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed. (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures that require measurable time and pressure profiles, such as Practice F2620, Specification F2785, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines only and does not apply to manually operated fusion machines or specialized fabrication equipment for fittings in a controlled environment with proprietary procedures and processes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.