ASTM D4998-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but may be suitable for other applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Sections 7 and 9, and Notes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4998 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 abrasion—wear by displacement of material caused
by hard particles or hard protuberances.
1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear
3.1.2 scoring—the formation of severe scratches in the
wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but
direction of sliding.
may be suitable for other applications.
3.1.2.1 Discussion— Scoring may be due to local solid
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
phase welding or to abrasion. The term scuffıng is sometimes
standard.
used as a synonym for scoring.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 scratching—the formation of fine lines in the direction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of sliding that may be due to asperities on the harder slider or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to hard particles between the surface or embedded in one of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
them.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Scratching is considered less damaging
information is given in Sections 7 and 9, and Note 1, Note 2,
than scoring or scuffing.
Note 3, Note 4, and Note 5.
3.1.4 scuffıng—localized damage caused by the occurrence
2. Referenced Documents of solid phase welding between sliding surfaces, without local
surface melting.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The term scoring is sometimes used as
D 216 Method for Distillation of Natural Gasoline
a synonym for scuffing.
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
3.2.1 wear—the loss of material from contacting surfaces of
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
the gear teeth.
ucts (Reid Method)
D 329 Specification for Acetone
4. Summary of Test Method
2.2 Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN):
4.1 A modified FZG gear oil test machine is operated for 20
DIN 17210 Part 1: Tolerances for Spur Gears; Tolerances
h under controlled conditions of speed (100 r/min), load (tenth
for the Deviation of Singly Determined Values
stage), and temperature (121°C). Test gears are lubricated with
DIN 3962 Casehardened Steel; Material Specifications
the test oil.
DIN 50150 Testing of Steel and Cast Steel Conversion
4.2 The test gears are weighed and visually examined before
Table for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell
and after the test. The gear weight loss and the visually
Hardness and Tensile Strength.
observed damage to the gear teeth are used to evaluate the wear
DIN Standard 51354, Mechanical Testing of Gear Oils in
obtained with the test fluid.
the FZG Gear Test Machine
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid to
3.1 Definitions:
lubricate the transmission and final drive gears. This test
method is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulic
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
fluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears of
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tractors.
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants and Fluids.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally
6. Apparatus
published as D 4998 – 89. Last previous edition D 4998 – 89.
Discontinued and Replaced with D-86. See 1988 Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 FZG Gear Oil Test Machine—The test machine is
Standards, Vol 05.01.
described in Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig. A2.1 and Fig.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
4 A3.1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
DIN Standards are available from the American National Standards Institute, 11
West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D4998–95
6.2 Precision Test Gears—The test gears are standard FZG 9. Procedure
tooth profile A gears as described in Annex A1 and Table A1.1 7
9.1 FZG Test Machine Assembly —Assemble the test ma-
6.3 Gear Case Heater—A 750-W gear case heater capable
chine according to the instructions given in Section 3 , except
of bringing the oil to test temperature in 20 to 25 min.
employ a modified, low speed drive motor as described in
Annex A1.
6.4 Temperature Controller—A proportional band-type
1000-W temperature controller for maintaining the oil tem-
NOTE 4—Precaution: In addition to other precautions, machinery
perature within 1°C of the desired test temperature. The
guards are supplied with the FZG test machine to protect personnel from
thermocouple is securely attached to the inside right wall of the hazards associated with rotating machinery. These should be properly
installed before operating the equipment.
gear case, 28 mm from the rear wall and 60 mm from the
NOTE 5—Precaution: In addition to other precautions, the electrical
bottom, projecting 15 mm into the gear case.
connections for the drive motor and heater should be installed in
6.5 Analytical Balance—An analytical balance with 2 kg
accordance with the current edition of the National Electrical Code.
capacity and accurate within 1 mg for weighing test gears.
9.2 Machine Cleaning—Flush the test gear case and asso-
6.6 Magnifying Lens, of 3 to 6 power.
ciated parts with mineral spirits solvent ( Caution—see Note
6.7 Compressed Air—551 kPa minimum.
1). Fill the gear case with mineral spirits solvent to a level that
6.8 Steam Hot Plate, or bearing heater, with surface tem-
is above the shaft center line. Manually rotate the shafts so that
peratures below 75°C.
the bearings are rinsed. Drain mineral spirits solvent from the
gear case. Refill gear case with fresh mineral spirits solvent,
7. Reagents and Materials
manually rotate shafts, and drain. Dry gear case with com-
pressed air.
7.1 Mineral Spirits Solvent—Commercial grade, conform-
9.3 Gear Condition—Examine the gear tooth faces with a
ing to the requirements of Specification D 235.
magnifying lens of 3 to 6 power. Do not use gears with
NOTE 1—Caution: Combustible. imperfections on the tooth faces.
Vapor harmful.
9.4 Gear Cleaning—Wash the test gears in mineral spirits
Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
solvent, then acetone, and finally in pentane ( Warning—see
Keep container closed.
Note 2). After cleaning, handle the gears only with clean tongs
Use with adequate ventilation.
or with clean gloves. Allow the gears to dry. To prevent water
Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.
condensation following gear cleaning, carefully warm the
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.
gears to room temperature with a clean, steam hot plate or
7.2 Acetone—Commercial grade, conforming to the re-
bearing heater with surface temperature below 75°C.
quirements of Specification D 329 (Warning—see Note 1).
9.5 Gear Weighing—Weigh the individual gears using an
7.3 Pentane—Commercial grade n-pentane, conforming to analytical balance. The gears must be clean, dry, and at ambient
the requirements of Table A5.1 (Warning—see Note 1). temperature. Record the weight of each gear, rounding to the
nearest milligram. Add the weight of each gear and record the
NOTE 2—Warning: Flammable. Health hazard. (acetone, pentane).
sum as initial total gear weight (TW ).
i
NOTE 3—Precaution: In addition to other precautions, acetone, and
9.6 Gear Installation—Install the test gears according to
pentane.
4.1.
Vapors may cause flash fire.
9.7 Test Procedure—Fill the gear case with test fluid until
Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
level with the shaft centerline. Install all machine guards in
Keep container closed.
Use with adequate ventilation. their proper operating positions. Set the temperature controller
Avoid buildup of vapors.
to 121°C. With the heater on and no load applied, start motor
Eliminate all sources of ignition, especially, non-explosion-proof
to run at 100 r/min test speed. When temperature stabilizes at
electrical devices and heaters.
121°C for 20 to 25 min, stop the motor and apply a tenth stage
Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.
load. The tenth stage load consists of applying a torque of 373
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.
N·m by means of the torque arm, weights, and the bolted load
clutch. Turn on the motor and operate at 1006 3 r/min for 20
8. Preparation of Apparatus
h.
8.1 Assemble the FZG machine according to the “Operating
9.8 Gear Removal, Cleaning, and Weighing—Remove the
Instructions for the FZG Gear Oil Test Rig” except that the
test gears in accordance with 4.2, using extreme care to avoid
drive motor and gearing must be modified to provide an input
shaft speed of 100 6 3 r/min. Use the S23 torsional shaft in
assembling. Care must be taken to ensure the accuracy of shaft
The FZG testing machine gears, or suitable balance may be ordered from the
alignment as described in Section 6.3.
following sources: Max Weiland, 8201 Sochtenau-Krotenmuhl, Germany, Strama
Ma
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