ASTM D953-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to apply in the specification of various thermoplastic or thermosetting products in sheet form where rivets, bolts, or similar fastenings are to be used in joining members or sections. It also is intended to apply wherever sheet materials of the classes indicated are required to sustain edgewise loads that are applied by means of pins or rods of circular cross section which pierce the sheet perpendicular to the surface.
The purpose of the test is to determine the bearing strength of the material and to show the bearing stress versus the deformation of the hole. The allowable deformation of the hole in the material should be such as to produce no looseness of joints.
While it is a known fact that higher strength materials will generally give higher bearing strengths, there is no satisfactory method by which bearing strength may be estimated from tensile or compressive properties of the material.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions or testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet form, molded form, or in thermoset pultruded form. Procedure A is applicable for tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading.
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation: D953 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Strength of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.2.1 bearing area—the diameter of the hole multiplied by
the thickness of the specimen.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthebearing
strength of rigid plastics in either sheet form, molded form, or
3.2.2 bearing strength—the bearing stress at which the
in thermoset pultruded form. Procedure A is applicable for
bearing hole is deformed 4% of its diameter.
tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading.
3.2.3 bearing stress—the applied load in newtons (or
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and 2 2
pounds-force) divided by the bearing area in mm (or in ).
appropriate for use in engineering design.
3.2.4 edge distance ratio—the distance from the center of
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the bearing hole to the edge of the specimen in the direction of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the principal stress, divided by the diameter of the hole.
only.
3.2.5 maximum bearing stress—the maximum load in new-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tons (or pounds-force) sustained by the specimen, divided by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the bearing area.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 4.1 This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to
apply in the specification of various thermoplastic or thermo-
2. Referenced Documents
setting products in sheet form where rivets, bolts, or similar
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: fasteningsaretobeusedinjoiningmembersorsections.Italso
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
is intended to apply wherever sheet materials of the classes
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
indicated are required to sustain edgewise loads that are
D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
appliedbymeansofpinsorrodsofcircularcrosssectionwhich
Plastics Specimens
pierce the sheet perpendicular to the surface.
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4.2 The purpose of the test is to determine the bearing
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
strength of the material and to show the bearing stress versus
the deformation of the hole. The allowable deformation of the
3. Terminology
hole in the material should be such as to produce no looseness
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
of joints.
ingtoplasticsusedinthistestmethod,seeTerminologyD883.
4.3 While it is a known fact that higher strength materials
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
will generally give higher bearing strengths, there is no
satisfactory method by which bearing strength may be esti-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
mated from tensile or compressive properties of the material.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
ting Plastics.
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D953-09. DOI:
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions or
10.1520/D0953-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
over those in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM
the ASTM website.
3
Attention is also directed to Terminology E6. material specifications then the default conditions apply.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D953 − 10
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machine—A properly calibrated universal test-
ing machine that can be operated at a speed of 1.3 6 0.3
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D953–09 Designation:D953–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Strength of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet form, molded form, or in
thermoset pultruded form. Procedure A is applicable for tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading.
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4066Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883.
3
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bearing area—the diameter of the hole multiplied by the thickness of the specimen.
3.2.2 bearing strength—the bearing stress at which the bearing hole is deformed 4% of its diameter.
2 2
3.2.3 bearing stress—the applied load in newtons (or pounds-force) divided by the bearing area in mm (or in ).
3.2.4 edge distance ratio—the distance from the center of the bearing hole to the edge of the specimen in the direction of the
principal stress, divided by the diameter of the hole.
3.2.5 maximum bearing stress—the maximum load in newtons (or pounds-force) sustained by the specimen, divided by the
bearing area.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to apply in the specification of various thermoplastic or thermosetting
products in sheet form where rivets, bolts, or similar fastenings are to be used in joining members or sections. It also is intended
to apply wherever sheet materials of the classes indicated are required to sustain edgewise loads that are applied by means of pins
or rods of circular cross section which pierce the sheet perpendicular to the surface.
4.2 The purpose of the test is to determine the bearing strength of the material and to show the bearing stress versus the
deformationofthehole.Theallowabledeformationoftheholeinthematerialshouldbesuchastoproducenoloosenessofjoints.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D953-02. DOI:
10.1520/D0953-09.
CurrenteditionapprovedApril1,2010.PublishedJune2010.Originallyapprovedin1948.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asD953-09.DOI:10.1520/D0953-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Attention is also directed to Terminology E6.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D953–10
4.3 While it is a known fact that higher strength materials will generally give higher bearing strengths, there is no satisfactory
method by which bearing strength may be estimated from tensile or compressive properties of the material.
4.4 Beforeproceedingwiththis
...
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