ASTM F1833-97(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Comparison of Rearfoot Motion Control Properties of Running Shoes
Standard Test Method for Comparison of Rearfoot Motion Control Properties of Running Shoes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method allows the rearfoot control properties of running shoes or corrective orthoses within shoes to be compared provided they are tested concurrently and under identical conditions.
Tests of this type are commonly used in the development and performance testing of running shoes and other in-shoe devices. Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test shall provide results which can be compared between different laboratories.
Note 1—The variance in rearfoot motion due to differences between shoes is generally smaller than the variance between subjects. Direct comparisons between shoes tested in different experiments is therefore not possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain angular motions of the lower extremity during running, specifically, the frontal plane projection of the pronation and supination of the lower leg relative to the foot (“rearfoot motion”) and methods by which the effects of different running shoes on rearfoot motion may be compared.
1.2 As used in this test method, footwear may refer to running shoes, corrective shoe inserts (orthoses) or specific combinations of both. The effects of orthoses may vary from shoe to shoe. Therefore, comparisons involving orthoses shall be qualified by the specific style of shoes in which they are tested.
1.3 This test method is limited to the measurement of the two dimensional, frontal plane projection of the relative angular motion between the lower leg and the foot (“rearfoot motion”). It is not a direct measure of pronation or supination, which are three dimensional motions.
1.4 This test method is limited to running motions in which the heel makes first contact with the ground during each step.
1.5 This test method is applicable to measurements of rearfoot motion made while subjects run on a treadmill or while they run overground under controlled conditions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation: F1833 − 97 (Reapproved 2011) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Comparison of Rearfoot Motion Control Properties of
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Running Shoes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
During a typical running step, the foot first makes contact with the ground on the rear lateral border
of the shoe. At first contact between the foot and the ground, the foot is normally in a supinated or
neutral position relative to the lower leg. During the first 50 to 150 ms of the period of ground contact,
the foot rotates about the ankle and subtalar joints to a more pronated position. Pronation is a
combination of eversion and abduction of the subtalar joint and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.
Excessive pronation and possibly an excessive rate of pronation are believed to be risk factors in
common overuse injuries among runners. Other risk factors include a runner’s anatomical
predisposition, (for example, joint alignment, bone curvature, joint laxity) previous injury history and
training errors (for example, a sudden increase in the duration or intensity of training). Running shoes
have been shown to influence pronation. Shoe design factors which have produced measurable effects
on lower extremity motion under laboratory conditions include sole hardness, sole height and width,
sole geometry and the presence or absence of orthotics and stabilizing devices.
1. Scope 1.5 This test method is applicable to measurements of
rearfoot motion made while subjects run on a treadmill or
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain
while they run overground under controlled conditions.
angular motions of the lower extremity during running,
specifically, the frontal plane projection of the pronation and 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
supination of the lower leg relative to the foot (“rearfoot standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
motion”) and methods by which the effects of different running information only.
shoes on rearfoot motion may be compared.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 As used in this test method, footwear may refer to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
running shoes, corrective shoe inserts (orthoses) or specific
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
combinations of both. The effects of orthoses may vary from
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shoe to shoe. Therefore, comparisons involving orthoses shall
be qualified by the specific style of shoes in which they are
2. Referenced Documents
tested.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This test method is limited to the measurement of the
F539 Practice for Fitting Athletic Footwear
two dimensional, frontal plane projection of the relative
angular motion between the lower leg and the foot (“rearfoot
3. Terminology
motion”). It is not a direct measure of pronation or supination,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
which are three dimensional motions.
3.1.1 ankle joint—the joint between lower leg and foot
1.4 This test method is limited to running motions in which
formedbythearticulationsofthetibiaandfibulawiththetalus.
the heel makes first contact with the ground during each step.
3.1.2 footstrike—initial contact between the foot and the
ground at the beginning of the stance phase.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee F08.54 on Athletic Footwear. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1883 – 97 (2006). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1833-97R11. the ASTM website.
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F1833 − 97 (2011)
3.1.3 maximum rearfoot angle—maximum value of the in-shoe devices. Careful adherence to the requirements and
rearfoot angle recorded during the stance phase. recommendationsofthistestshallprovideresultswhichcanbe
compared between different laboratories.
3.1.4 peak angular velocity—ma
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