F08.54 - Athletic Footwear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Improperly fitted footwear can cause discomfort, but more importantly, prolonged use causes disfiguration of the bone structure, bunions, corns, callouses, and finally fatigue, often leading to serious accidents. Footwear performance may also be diminished if improperly fitted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a practical method for fitting athletic footwear. This practice is applicable to the following general flexible types of footwear: running baseball, basketball, football, and tennis.  
1.2 There are as many variations in shoe forms and materials available to users as there are variations in the anatomy of the user's feet. Shoe forms are different due to manufacturer's materials, type of construction, and also the type of activity anticipated in its end use.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Water resistance is a desirable characteristic for many different types of footwear. This test method provides a guide for measuring water resistance under dynamic conditions that closely duplicate normal human walking. The degree of correlation between this test and footwear performance in the field or footwear performance in the SATRA Trough-Water Penetration Test has not been fully determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method of measuring the water resistance of footwear.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method allows the rearfoot control properties of running shoes or corrective orthoses within shoes to be compared provided they are tested concurrently and under identical conditions.  
5.2 Tests of this type are commonly used in the development and performance testing of running shoes and other in-shoe devices. Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test shall provide results which can be compared between different laboratories.
Note 1: The variance in rearfoot motion due to differences between shoes is generally smaller than the variance between subjects. Direct comparisons between shoes tested in different experiments is therefore not possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain angular motions of the lower extremity during running, specifically, the frontal plane projection of the pronation and supination of the lower leg relative to the foot (“rearfoot motion”) and methods by which the effects of different running shoes on rearfoot motion may be compared.  
1.2 As used in this test method, footwear may refer to running shoes, corrective shoe inserts (orthoses) or specific combinations of both. The effects of orthoses may vary from shoe to shoe. Therefore, comparisons involving orthoses shall be qualified by the specific style of shoes in which they are tested.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the measurement of the two dimensional, frontal plane projection of the relative angular motion between the lower leg and the foot (“rearfoot motion”). It is not a direct measure of pronation or supination, which are three dimensional motions.  
1.4 This test method is limited to running motions in which the heel makes first contact with the ground during each step.  
1.5 This test method is applicable to measurements of rearfoot motion made while subjects run on a treadmill or while they run overground under controlled conditions.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method will be used by athletic footwear manufacturers to characterize the traction of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface, and as a tool for development of athletic shoe outsoles.  
5.2 This test method will be used by researchers to determine the effect of sport surface conditions (for example, moisture, grass species, turf density, soil texture, soil composition, and so forth) on traction characteristics of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface.  
5.3 This test method will be used by sports surface manufacturers to characterize the traction of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface, and as a tool for development of sports surfaces.  
5.4 Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide results that compare with results from different laboratory sources.  
5.5 The method will be used to research relationships between traction at athletic shoe-sports surface interfaces and athletic performance or injury. This research may lead to recommendations for appropriate levels of traction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers specifications for the performance of sports shoe-surface traction measuring devices, but does not require a specific device or mechanism to be used. Figs. 1 and 2 show schematic diagrams of generic apparatus.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of a Generic Device for Measuring Linear Traction
A. Shoe under test, mounted on a footform.
B. Surface under test.
C. Guide rails with linear bearings or other means of maintaining rectilinear motion.
D, E. Vertical shaft and bearing mounted carriage or other means of maintaining motion parallel to the plane of the shoe-surface interface.
F. Weights, actuator or other means of applying a downward vertical force.
G. Actuator or other means of applying a horizontal force.
H. Force plate or other means of measuring vertical and horizontal forces.
J. Velocity transducer.
FIG. 2 Schematic Diagram of a Generic Device for Measuring Rotational Traction
A. Shoe under test, mounted on a footform.
B. Surface under test.
D, E. Vertical shaft and bearings or other means of constraining rotation about the vertical axis parallel to the plane of the shoe-surface interface.
F. Weights, actuator or other means of applying a downward vertical force.
G. Actuator or other means of applying a torque.
H. Force plate or other means of measuring vertical force and torque about the vertical axis.
J. Angular velocity transducer.  
1.2 This test method is appropriate for measuring the effects of athletic shoe outsole design and materials on traction at the shoe-surface interface.  
1.3 This test method is appropriate for measuring the effects of sport surface design and materials on traction at the shoe-surface interface.  
1.4 This test method specifies test procedures that are appropriate for both field and laboratory testing.  
1.5 Traction characteristics measured by this test method encompass friction forces developed between shoe outsoles and playing surfaces.  
1.6 Traction characteristics measured by this test method encompass traction achieved by penetration of cleats or studs into playing surfaces.  
1.7 This test method specifies test procedures for the measurement of traction during linear translational motion and rotational motion, but not simultaneous combinations of linear and translational motion.  
1.8 The loads and load rates specified in this test method are specific to sports activities. The test method is not intended for measurement of slip resistance or traction of pedestrian footwear.  
1.9 Test results obtained by this method shall be qualified by the characteristics of the specimen.  
1.9.1 Comparative tests of surfaces shall be qualified by the characteristics of the shoes used to test the surfaces, including the cushioning, outsole material, and sole design.  
1.9.2 Comparative tests of shoes shall be qualified by the pertinent cha...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water resistance is a desirable characteristic for many different types of footwear. This test method provides a guide for measuring water resistance under dynamic conditions that closely duplicate normal human walking. The degree of correlation between this test and footwear performance in the field or footwear performance in the SATRA Trough-Water Penetration Test has not been fully determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method of measuring the water resistance of footwear.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Improperly fitted footwear can cause discomfort, but more importantly, prolonged use causes disfiguration of the bone structure, bunions, corns, callouses, and finally fatigue, often leading to serious accidents. Footwear performance may also be diminished if improperly fitted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a practical method for fitting athletic footwear. This practice is applicable to the following general flexible types of footwear: running baseball, basketball, football, and tennis.
1.2 There are as many variations in shoe forms and materials available to users as there are variations in the anatomy of the user's feet. Shoe forms are different due to manufacturer's materials, type of construction, and also the type of activity anticipated in its end use.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method allows the rearfoot control properties of running shoes or corrective orthoses within shoes to be compared provided they are tested concurrently and under identical conditions.
Tests of this type are commonly used in the development and performance testing of running shoes and other in-shoe devices. Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test shall provide results which can be compared between different laboratories.
Note 1—The variance in rearfoot motion due to differences between shoes is generally smaller than the variance between subjects. Direct comparisons between shoes tested in different experiments is therefore not possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain angular motions of the lower extremity during running, specifically, the frontal plane projection of the pronation and supination of the lower leg relative to the foot (“rearfoot motion”) and methods by which the effects of different running shoes on rearfoot motion may be compared.
1.2 As used in this test method, footwear may refer to running shoes, corrective shoe inserts (orthoses) or specific combinations of both. The effects of orthoses may vary from shoe to shoe. Therefore, comparisons involving orthoses shall be qualified by the specific style of shoes in which they are tested.
1.3 This test method is limited to the measurement of the two dimensional, frontal plane projection of the relative angular motion between the lower leg and the foot (“rearfoot motion”). It is not a direct measure of pronation or supination, which are three dimensional motions.
1.4 This test method is limited to running motions in which the heel makes first contact with the ground during each step.
1.5 This test method is applicable to measurements of rearfoot motion made while subjects run on a treadmill or while they run overground under controlled conditions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will be used by athletic footwear manufacturers to characterize the traction of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface, and as a tool for development of athletic shoe outsoles.
This test method will be used by researchers to determine the effect of sport surface conditions (for example, moisture, grass species, turf density, soil texture, soil composition, and so forth) on traction characteristics of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface.
This test method will be used by sports surface manufacturers to characterize the traction of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface, and as a tool for development of sports surfaces.
Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide results that compare with results from different laboratory sources.  
The method will be used to research relationships between traction at athletic shoe-sports surface interfaces and athletic performance or injury. This research may lead to recommendations for appropriate levels of traction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers specifications for the performance of sports shoe-surface traction measuring devices, but does not require a specific device or mechanism to be used. Figs. 1 and 2 show schematic diagrams of generic apparatus.
1.2 This test method is appropriate for measuring the effects of athletic shoe outsole design and materials on traction at the shoe-surface interface.
1.3 This test method is appropriate for measuring the effects of sport surface design and materials on traction at the shoe-surface interface.
1.4 This test method specifies test procedures that are appropriate for both field and laboratory testing.
1.5 Traction characteristics measured by this test method encompass friction forces developed between shoe outsoles and playing surfaces.
1.6 Traction characteristics measured by this test method encompass traction achieved by penetration of cleats or studs into playing surfaces.
1.7 This test method specifies test procedures for the measurement of traction during linear translational motion and rotational motion, but not simultaneous combinations of linear and translational motion.
1.8 The loads and load rates specified in this test method are specific to sports activities. The test method is not intended for measurement of slip resistance or traction of pedestrian footwear.
1.9 Test results obtained by this method shall be qualified by the characteristics of the specimen.
1.9.1 Comparative tests of surfaces shall be qualified by the characteristics of the shoes used to test the surfaces, including the cushioning, outsole material, and sole design.  
1.9.2 Comparative tests of shoes shall be qualified by the pertinent characteristics of the surfaces on which shoes are tested, including the surface type, material, condition, and temperature.
1.10 This test method does not establish performance or safety criteria. The level of traction required between a sport shoe and surface varies with the level of performance and from individual to individual. The extent to which particular levels of traction contribute to individual athletic performance and risk of injury is not known.
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.12 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
A. Shoe under test, mounted on a footform.
B. Surface under test.
C. Guide rails with linear bearings or other means of maintaining rectilinear motion.
D, E. Vertical shaft and bearing mounted carriage or other means of maintaining motion parallel to the plane of the shoe-surface interface.
F. Weight...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Improperly fitted footwear can cause discomfort, but more importantly, prolonged use causes disfiguration of the bone structure, bunions, corns, callouses, and finally fatigue, often leading to serious accidents. Footwear performance may also be diminished if improperly fitted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a practical method for fitting athletic footwear. This practice is applicable to the following general flexible types of footwear: running baseball, basketball, football, and tennis.
1.2 There are as many variations in shoe forms and materials available to users as there are variations in the anatomy of the user's feet. Shoe forms are different due to manufacturer's materials, type of construction, and also the type of activity anticipated in its end use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used by athletic footwear manufacturers and others, both as a tool for development of athletic shoe cushioning systems and as a test of the general cushioning characteristics of athletic footwear products. Adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide results that can be compared between different laboratories.
Data obtained by these procedures are indicative of the shock-attenuating properties of athletic shoe cushioning systems under the specific conditions selected.
This test method is designed to provide data on the force versus displacement response of athletic footwear cushioning systems under essentially uniaxial compression conditions at load rates that are similar to those of heel and forefoot impacts during different athletic activities.
The peak or maximum values of force, pressure, displacement, and strain are dependent on the maximum energy applied to the specimen. These values are normalized to provide comparative results for a reference maximum energy applied to the specimen of 5 J (44.2 in.-lbf) or 7 J (61.9 in.-lbf).
Shock-attenuating characteristics are strongly dependent on specimen size and prior history of force application. Therefore, results should be compared only for specimens of the same nominal shoe size and prior impact conditioning. There are no currently acceptable techniques for normalizing results for specimen thickness variations.
Note 2—Impact-attenuating scores determined by this test method, for athletic shoes, may not correlate with the forces experienced by individual users of the shoes.
Note 3—There is no research showing a correlation between scores on this test method and the probability of injury among users of a particular athletic footwear product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the measurement of the impact response properties of athletic shoes using Procedure A of Test Method F 1614.
1.2 This test method is limited to tests using a falling weight impact machine, as defined by Procedure A of Test Method F 1614.
1.3 This test method is intended for use on the heel and or forefoot regions of whole, intact athletic shoe cushioning systems. An athletic shoe cushioning system is defined as all of the layers of material between the wearer's foot and the ground surface that are normally considered a part of the shoe. This may include any of the following components: outsole or other abrasion resistant layer, a midsole or other compliant cushioning layer, an insole, insole board, or other material layer overlying the midsole, parts of the upper and heel counter reinforcement which extend beneath the foot, and an insock or other cushioning layer inside the shoe.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use as a test of shoes classified by the manufacturer as children's shoes.
1.5 The type, size or dimensions and thickness of the specimen, and the reference maximum energy applied shall qualify test results obtained by this test method.
1.5.1 Nominal specimen thickness values for this test method are in the range from 10 to 60 mm (0.4 to 2.4 in.). The area of the shoe to be tested must present an approximately circular, flat surface of at least 65 mm (2.6 in.) in diameter for impacting.
1.5.2 The standard value for the reference maximum energy applied by this test method is 5 J (44.2 in.-lbf) for shoes which are subject to moderate impacts during normal use and 7.0 J (61.9 in.-lbf) for shoes which are subject to high impacts during normal use. Other values may be used, if they are stated in the report.
1.6 This test method is not appropriate for measuring the impact response of shoes that are not subjected to moderate impact or high impact in normal use.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method allows the rearfoot control properties of running shoes or corrective orthoses within shoes to be compared provided they are tested concurrently and under identical conditions.
Tests of this type are commonly used in the development and performance testing of running shoes and other in-shoe devices. Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test shall provide results which can be compared between different laboratories.
Note 1—The variance in rearfoot motion due to differences between shoes is generally smaller than the variance between subjects. Direct comparisons between shoes tested in different experiments is therefore not possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain angular motions of the lower extremity during running, specifically, the frontal plane projection of the pronation and supination of the lower leg relative to the foot ("rearfoot motion") and methods by which the effects of different running shoes on rearfoot motion may be compared.
1.2 As used in this test method, footwear may refer to running shoes, corrective shoe inserts (orthoses) or specific combinations of both. The effects of orthoses may vary from shoe to shoe. Therefore, comparisons involving orthoses shall be qualified by the specific style of shoes in which they are tested.
1.3 This test method is limited to the measurement of the two dimensional, frontal plane projection of the relative angular motion between the lower leg and the foot ("rearfoot motion"). It is not a direct measure of pronation or supination, which are three dimensional motions.
1.4 This test method is limited to running motions in which the heel makes first contact with the ground during each step.
1.5 This test method is applicable to measurements of rearfoot motion made while subjects run on a treadmill or while they run overground under controlled conditions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will be used by athletic footwear manufacturers to characterize the traction of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface, and as a tool for development of athletic shoe outsoles.
This test method will be used by researchers to determine the effect of sport surface conditions (for example, moisture, grass species, turf density, soil texture, soil composition, and so forth) on traction characteristics of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface.
This test method will be used by sports surface manufacturers to characterize the traction of the athletic shoe-sports surface interface, and as a tool for development of sports surfaces.
Careful adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide results that compare with results from different laboratory sources.  
The method will be used to research relationships between traction at athletic shoe-sports surface interfaces and athletic performance or injury. This research may lead to recommendations for appropriate levels of traction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers specifications for the performance of sports shoe-surface traction measuring devices, but does not require a specific device or mechanism to be used. show schematic diagrams of generic apparatus.
1.2 This test method is appropriate for measuring the effects of athletic shoe outsole design and materials on traction at the shoe-surface interface.
1.3 This test method is appropriate for measuring the effects of sport surface design and materials on traction at the shoe-surface interface.
1.4 This test method specifies test procedures that are appropriate for both field and laboratory testing.
1.5 Traction characteristics measured by this test method encompass friction forces developed between shoe outsoles and playing surfaces.
1.6 Traction characteristics measured by this test method encompass traction achieved by penetration of cleats or studs into playing surfaces.
1.7 This test method specifies test procedures for the measurement of traction during linear translational motion and rotational motion, but not simultaneous combinations of linear and translational motion.
1.8 The loads and load rates specified in this test method are specific to sports activities. The test method is not intended for measurement of slip resistance or traction of pedestrian footwear.
1.9 Test results obtained by this method shall be qualified by the characteristics of the specimen.
1.9.1 Comparative tests of surfaces shall be qualified by the characteristics of the shoes used to test the surfaces, including the cushioning, outsole material, and sole design.
1.9.2 Comparative tests of shoes shall be qualified by the pertinent characteristics of the surfaces on which shoes are tested, including the surface type, material, condition, and temperature.
1.10 This test method does not establish performance or safety criteria. The level of traction required between a sport shoe and surface varies with the level of performance and from individual to individual. The extent to which particular levels of traction contribute to individual athletic performance and risk of injury is not known.
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water resistance is a desirable characteristic for many different types of footwear. This test method provides a guide for measuring water resistance under dynamic conditions that closely duplicate normal human walking. The degree of correlation between this test and footwear performance in the field or footwear performance in the SATRA Trough-Water Penetration Test has not been fully determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a method of measuring the water resistance of footwear.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a practical method for fitting athletic footwear. This practice is applicable to the following general flexible types of footwear: baseball, basketball, football, jogging, and tennis.  
1.2 There are as many variations in shoe forms and materials available to users as there are variations in the anatomy of the user's feet. Shoe forms are different due to manufacturer's materials, type of construction, and also the type of activity anticipated in its end use.  
1.3  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a practical method for fitting athletic footwear. This practice is applicable to the following general flexible types of footwear: baseball, basketball, football, jogging, and tennis.  
1.2 There are as many variations in shoe forms and materials available to users as there are variations in the anatomy of the user's feet. Shoe forms are different due to manufacturer's materials, type of construction, and also the type of activity anticipated in its end use.  
1.3  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines biomechanical and shoe-related terms for use in the development of standard test methods and specifications for athletic footwear.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology are appropriate for use by the athletic footwear manufacturers and by biomechanicists in matters concerning athletic shoe technology, test methods, and specifications.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines biomechanical and shoe-related terms for use in the development of standard test methods and specifications for athletic footwear.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology are appropriate for use by the athletic footwear manufacturers and by biomechanicists in matters concerning athletic shoe technology, test methods, and specifications.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the measurement of the impact response properties of athletic shoes using Procedure A of Test Method F 1614.
1.2 This test method is limited to tests using a falling weight impact machine, as defined by Procedure A of Test Method F 1614.
1.3 This test method is intended for use on the heel and or forefoot regions of whole, intact athletic shoe cushioning systems. An athletic shoe cushioning system is defined as all of the layers of material between the wearer's foot and the ground surface that are normally considered a part of the shoe. This may include any of the following components: outsole or other abrasion resistant layer, a midsole or other compliant cushioning layer, an insole, insole board, or other material layer overlying the midsole, parts of the upper and heel counter reinforcement which extend beneath the foot, and an insock or other cushioning layer inside the shoe.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use as a test of shoes classified by the manufacturer as children's shoes.
1.5 The type, size or dimensions and thickness of the specimen, and the reference maximum energy applied shall qualify test results obtained by this test method.
1.5.1 Nominal specimen thickness values for this test method are in the range from 10 to 60 mm (0.4 to 2.4 in.). The area of the shoe to be tested must present an approximately circular, flat surface of a least 65 mm (2.6 in.) in diameter for impacting.
1.5.2 The standard value for the reference maximum energy applied by this test method is d5 J(44.2 in.-lbf) for shoes which are subject to moderate impacts during normal use and 7.0 J(61.9 in.-lbf) for shoes which are subject to high impacts during normal use. Other values may be used, if they are stated in the report.
1.6 This test method is not appropriate for measuring the impact repsonse of shoes that are not subjected to moderate impact or high impact in normal use.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain shock attenuating characteristics, rapid rate force-displacement relationships, of materials systems employed in the midsole of athletic footwear intended for use in normal running movements. This test method covers three different procedures for performance of the rapid rate force application: Procedure A for falling weight impact machines, Procedure B for compression force controlled machines, and Procedure C for compression displacement controlled machines.  
1.2 The material system response for rapid rate force application may be different for each of the three procedures of this test method.  
1.3 This test method is empirically based on the use of an 8.5-kg mass dropped from 50 mm (1.97 in.) to generate peak compressive forces which are comparable to that experienced by a midsole in heel strike tests for normal running movement.    This requires the specimen to be rigidly supported and the energy to be delivered through a 45-mm (1.8-in.) diameter flat tup.  
1.4 This test method imposes an impulse to generate a rapid rate compressive force-displacement hysteresis cycle and evaluates shock attenuating characteristics of the specimen. The maximum energy applied to the specimen occurs at peak displacement and must be within +10% of a reference value that is used to normalize the data for comparative purposes.  
1.5 Shock attenuating characteristics, for this test method, are in terms of absorbed energy loss during the hysteresis cycle, peak pressure, maximum strain, and average stiffness. Each of these characteristics will have varying importance, depending on the design objectives for the material system in the athletic footwear product.  
1.6 Test results obtained by this test method shall be qualified by the specimen thickness and the reference maximum energy applied.  
1.6.1 Nominal specimen thickness values for this test method are in the range from 5 to 35 mm (0.2 to 1.4 in.), see 7.1.  
1.6.2 The standard value for the reference maximum energy applied of this test method is 5.0 J. Other values may be used, if they are clearly stated in the report.  Note 1-For Procedure A, the use of a 8.5-kg mass and an initial distance of 50 mm between tup and specimen will produce the required impulse and result in maximum energy applied values in the range of 5 + 0.5 J (44.2 + 4.4 in.-lb), depending on specimen thickness and material response. Note 2-For Procedures B and C, the required impulse is produced by having the maximum energy applied within the range of +10% of the reference value (5 J, see 1.6.2) and the time to peak controlling variable (force or displacement) being 15 + 5 ms. Note 3-There is no evidence to support comparisons of data for tests which used either different reference maximum energy applied values or for Procedure A, different mass and drop height conditions. Note 4-Applications involving more vigorous (for example, basketball) use of athletic shoes may require shock absorption tests which utilize larger reference impulse values to generate comparable compressive force hysteresis cycles. Note 5-Shock attenuation is strongly dependent on specimen thickness. This test method can be used to identify the effects of thickness variations on shock attenuating properties of midsole materials and athletic footwear products, see 7.2. Note 6-Comparisons of different material systems by this test method should take careful consideration of prior impact conditioning. The ability of footwear materials to attenuate shock tends to decrease with repeated impact.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ...

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a method of measuring the water resistance of footwear.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of certain angular motions of the lower extremity during running, specifically, the frontal plane projection of the pronation and supination of the lower leg relative to the foot ("rearfoot motion") and methods by which the effects of different running shoes on rearfoot motion may be compared.
1.2 As used in this test method, footwear may refer to running shoes, corrective shoe inserts (orthoses) or specific combinations of both. The effects of orthoses may vary from shoe to shoe. Therefore, comparisons involving orthoses shall be qualified by the specific style of shoes in which they are tested.
1.3 This test method is limited to the measurement of the two dimensional, frontal plane projection of the relative angular motion between the lower leg and the foot ("rearfoot motion"). It is not a direct measure of pronation or supination, which are three dimensional motions/  
1.4 This test method is limited to running motions in which the heel makes first contact with the ground during each step.  
1.5 This test method is applicable to measurements of rearfoot motion made while subjects run on a treadmill or while they run overground under controlled conditions.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used by athletic footwear manufacturers and others, both as a tool for development of athletic shoe cushioning systems and as a test of the general cushioning characteristics of athletic footwear products, materials and components. Adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide repeatable results that can be compared among laboratories.  
5.2 Data obtained by these procedures are indicative of the impact attenuation of athletic shoe cushioning systems under the specific conditions employed.  
5.3 This test method is designed to provide data on the force versus displacement response of athletic footwear cushioning systems under essentially uniaxial impact loads at rates that are similar to those of heel and forefoot impacts during different athletic activities.  
5.4 The peak or maximum values of force, acceleration, displacement, and strain are dependent on the total impact energy applied to the specimen. These values are normalized to provide comparative results for a reference value of total energy input.  
5.5 Impact attenuation outcomes are strongly dependent on initial conditions (impact mass, impact velocity, contact area, etc.) and on specimen size and the specimen’s prior history of compressive loading. Therefore results should be compared only for specimens of the same nominal size and prior conditioning.Note 1—Impact test outcomes have been found to correlate with in-vivo loads (peak ground reaction force, peak plantar pressure, lower extremity acceleration) experienced by runners. Relationships between test outcomes and subjective perceptions of cushioning have also been found. However, there is no direct evidence of a correlation between scores on this test method and the probability of injury among users of a particular athletic footwear product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of a gravity-driven impact test to measure certain impact attenuation characteristics of cushioning systems and cushioning materials employed in the soles of athletic shoes.  
1.2 This test method uses an 8.5 kg mass dropped from a height of 30-70 mm to generate force-time profiles that are comparable to those observed during heel and forefoot impacts during walking, running and jump landings.  
1.3 This test method is intended for use on the heel and or forefoot regions of whole, intact athletic shoe cushioning systems. An athletic shoe cushioning system is defined as all of the layers of material between the wearer's foot and the ground surface that are normally considered a part of the shoe. This may include any of the following components: outsole or other abrasion resistant outer layer, a midsole of compliant cushioning materials or structures forming an intermediate layer, an insole, insole board, or other material layers overlying the midsole, parts of the upper and heel counter reinforcement which extend beneath the foot, and an insock, sockliner or other cushioning layers, either fixed or removable, inside the shoe.  
1.4 This test method may also be employed in to measure the impact attenuation of cushioning system components and cushioning material specimens.  
1.5 This test method is not intended for use as a test of shoes classified by the manufacturer as children's shoes.  
1.6 The type, size or dimensions and thickness of the specimen, the total energy input and prior conditioning shall qualify test results obtained by this test method.  
1.6.1 The range of tests results is limited by the calibrated range of the test device’s force transducer. Combinations of thin specimens, high specimen stiffness and high total energy input may produce forces that exceed the transducer’s capacity and are hence not measurable. In practice, the specified force transducer range (10 kN) accommodates more than 99 % of typical shoe soles and cushioning material specimens that are 7 mm or more in thickness at a total energy input...

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines biomechanical and shoe-related terms for use in the development of standard test methods and specifications for athletic footwear.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology are appropriate for use by the athletic footwear manufacturers and by biomechanicists in matters concerning athletic shoe technology, test methods, and specifications.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology defines biomechanical and shoe-related terms for use in the development of standard test methods and specifications for athletic footwear.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities, this terminology was withdrawn without replacement in May 2013 due to limited use by industry.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of flexibility in running shoes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.