ASTM D2563-08(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts (Withdrawn 2024)
Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts (Withdrawn 2024)
ABSTRACT
This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts made from glass-reinforced plastic laminates. It presents word descriptions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection. This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for levels of product quality. The acceptance criteria shall be applied to the following: dimensions and tolerances, inserts, molded-in threads or cored holes, workmanship, critical area, allowable visual defects, repairable defects, surface finish, and surface appearance. Four acceptance levels for visual inspection are described: Acceptance Level I, Acceptance Level II, Acceptance Level III, and Acceptance Level IV.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts made from molded glass-reinforced plastic laminates.
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection.
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for levels of product quality.
1.4 The allowable size and frequency of permitted defects within the acceptance level categories of this specification are general and not related to specific service requirements. A Level IV of allowable defects which defines allowable size, frequency, and permitted repair procedures should be established for specific service requirements as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts made from molded glass-reinforced plastic laminates.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this practice was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2563 − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic
Laminate Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope the drawings. Any dimensions falling outside the specified
limits shall be cause for rejection.
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual in-
spection of parts made from molded glass-reinforced plastic 2.3 Inserts—All inserts, nuts, studs, and lugs shall not be
laminates. damaged in any way, nor coated with laminate materials in
such a way as to impair function or mechanical fit. Threads in
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible
molded-in inserts shall be clean, smooth, free of nicks, tears, or
defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product
other damage. There shall be no laminate materials or flash on
specifications, and final inspection.
the threads. If necessary, threaded inserts may be retapped to
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-
clean them or remove flash. Threads containing locking fea-
quirements for levels of product quality.
tures or coated for corrosion resistance shall not be retapped.
1.4 The allowable size and frequency of permitted defects
2.4 Molded-In Threads or Cored Holes—Molded-in threads
within the acceptance level categories of this specification are
or cored holes shall be free of visible defects such as chips,
general and not related to specific service requirements. A
cracks, shorts, etc. Molded-in threads may be retapped or
Level IV of allowable defects which defines allowable size,
repaired unless otherwise specifically noted on the product
frequency, and permitted repair procedures should be estab-
drawings.
lished for specific service requirements as agreed upon be-
2.5 Workmanship—Workmanship shall be in accordance
tween the purchaser and the supplier.
with good commercial practices as listed in Table 1 for
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
applicable acceptance levels.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
2.6 Critical Area—Some portions of a part may be consid-
only.
ered more critical than others.Acritical area is here defined as
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an area in which the presence of imperfections is considered to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be most detrimental. The areas of parts that are critical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
structurally, aerodynamically, or electrically shall be uniform
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and free of defects as listed in Table 1, if so stated on the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
product drawing. Critical areas may be designated on the
product drawing by one of the following methods:
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2.6.1 Encircle critical areas, or
2. Acceptance Criteria
2.6.2 Cross-hatch areas to designate areas of various levels,
or
2.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the allow-
2.6.3 Word description.
able defects may be previously agreed upon between the
purchaser and the seller.
2.7 Allowable Defects, Visual—The defects in noncritical
areas which by nature, content, or frequency do not affect
2.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Parts shall be inspected
serviceability of the part are designated as allowable defects.
for conformance with dimensions and tolerances specified on
Allowable defects shall be fully described as to type, size,
number, extent allowed, and spacing. The appropriate accep-
tance level (Table 1) for defects in these areas must be
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
specified. Where Level IV is used the defects must be fully
Plastics.
described on the product drawing. Defects greater than those
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
listed in the product specifications, drawings, or contracts for
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2563 - 08. DOI:
10.1520/D2563-08R15. the part shall be cause for rejection.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2563 − 08 (2015)
TABLE 1 Allowable Defects
Visual Acceptance Levels
Name Definition
Level I Level II Level III
Chip a small piece broken off an edge or surface none maximum dimension of break, 3.0 mm maximum dimension of break, 6.5 mm
1 1
( ⁄8 in.) ( ⁄4 in.)
Crack an actual separation of the laminate, visible on none none none
opposite surfaces, and extending through the
thickness
1 1
Crack, surface crack existing only on the surface of the none maximum length, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum length 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
laminate
Crazing fine cracks at or under the surface of a none maximum dimension of crazing, 13 mm maximum dimension of crazing, 25 mm
laminate ( ⁄2 in.) (1 in.).
frequency and location to be determined by customer
1 1
Delamination, edge separation of the layers of material at the edge none maximum dimension, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum dimension, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
of a laminate
Delamination, separation of the layers of material in a none none none
internal laminate
3 9
Dry-spot area of incomplete surface film where the none maximum diameter, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum diameter, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
reinforcement has not been wetted with resin
Foreign inclusion metallic particles included in a laminate which none none, if for electrical use; maximum none, if for electrical use; maximum
2 2
1 1
(metallic) are foreign to its composition dimension, 0.8 mm ( ⁄32 in.), 1/0.09 m dimension, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.), 1/0.09 m
2 2
(1 ft ), if for mechanical use (1 ft ), if for mechanical use
1 1
Foreign inclusion nonmetallic particles of substance included in a none maximum dimension, 0.8 mm ( ⁄32 in.), maximum dimension, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.);
2 2 2 2
(nonmetallic) laminate which seem foreign to its composition 1/0.09 m (1 ft ) 1/0.09 m (1 ft )
13 1
Fracture rupture of laminate surface without complete none maximum dimension, 21 mm ( ⁄16 in.) maximum dimension, 29 mm (1 ⁄8 in.)
penetration
1 1
Air bubble (void) air entrapment within and between the plies of none maximum diameter, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.); maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.);
2 2
reinforcement, usually spherical in shape 2/in. 4/in.
1 1
Blister rounded elevation of the surface of a laminate, none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.); maximum diameter, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.);
with boundaries that may be more or less height from surface not to be outside height from surface not to be outside
sharply defined, somewhat resembling in shape drawing tolerance drawing tolerance
a blister on the human skin
Burned showing evidence of thermal decomposition none none none
through some discoloration, distortion, or
destruction of the surface of the laminate
3 1
Fish-eye small globular mass which has not blended none maximum diameter, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum diameter, 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.)
completely into the surrounding material and is
particularly evident in a transparent or
translucent material
1 3
Lack of fillout an area, occurring usually at the edge of a none maximum diameter, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.) maximum diameter, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
laminated plastic, where the reinforcement has
not been wetted with resin
9 1
Orange-peel uneven surface somewhat resembling an none maximum diameter, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) maximum diameter, 29 mm (1 ⁄8 in.)
orange peel
Pimple small, sharp, or conical elevation on the none none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
surface of a laminate
1 1
Pit (pinhole) small crater in the surface of a laminate, with none maximum diameter, 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.); maximum diameter, 0.8 mm ( ⁄32 in.);
its width approximately of the same order of depth less than 1 percent of wall depth less than 20 percent of wall
magnitude as its depth thickness thickness
frequency and location to be determined by customer
Porosity (pinhole) presence of numerous visible pits (pinholes) none maximum of 25 pits (pinholes) in maximum of 50 pits (pinholes) in
porous area of size listed in Level II porous area of size listed in Level III
1 1
Pre-gel an unintentional extra
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2563 − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic
Laminate Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope the drawings. Any dimensions falling outside the specified
limits shall be cause for rejection.
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual in-
spection of parts made from molded glass-reinforced plastic 2.3 Inserts—All inserts, nuts, studs, and lugs shall not be
laminates. damaged in any way, nor coated with laminate materials in
such a way as to impair function or mechanical fit. Threads in
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible
molded-in inserts shall be clean, smooth, free of nicks, tears, or
defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product
other damage. There shall be no laminate materials or flash on
specifications, and final inspection.
the threads. If necessary, threaded inserts may be retapped to
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-
clean them or remove flash. Threads containing locking fea-
quirements for levels of product quality.
tures or coated for corrosion resistance shall not be retapped.
1.4 The allowable size and frequency of permitted defects
2.4 Molded-In Threads or Cored Holes—Molded-in threads
within the acceptance level categories of this specification are
or cored holes shall be free of visible defects such as chips,
general and not related to specific service requirements. A
cracks, shorts, etc. Molded-in threads may be retapped or
Level IV of allowable defects which defines allowable size,
repaired unless otherwise specifically noted on the product
frequency, and permitted repair procedures should be estab-
drawings.
lished for specific service requirements as agreed upon be-
2.5 Workmanship—Workmanship shall be in accordance
tween the purchaser and the supplier.
with good commercial practices as listed in Table 1 for
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
applicable acceptance levels.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
2.6 Critical Area—Some portions of a part may be consid-
only.
ered more critical than others. A critical area is here defined as
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an area in which the presence of imperfections is considered to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be most detrimental. The areas of parts that are critical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
structurally, aerodynamically, or electrically shall be uniform
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and free of defects as listed in Table 1, if so stated on the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
product drawing. Critical areas may be designated on the
product drawing by one of the following methods:
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2.6.1 Encircle critical areas, or
2. Acceptance Criteria
2.6.2 Cross-hatch areas to designate areas of various levels,
or
2.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the allow-
2.6.3 Word description.
able defects may be previously agreed upon between the
purchaser and the seller.
2.7 Allowable Defects, Visual—The defects in noncritical
areas which by nature, content, or frequency do not affect
2.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Parts shall be inspected
serviceability of the part are designated as allowable defects.
for conformance with dimensions and tolerances specified on
Allowable defects shall be fully described as to type, size,
number, extent allowed, and spacing. The appropriate accep-
tance level (Table 1) for defects in these areas must be
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
specified. Where Level IV is used the defects must be fully
Plastics.
described on the product drawing. Defects greater than those
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
listed in the product specifications, drawings, or contracts for
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2563 - 08. DOI:
10.1520/D2563-08R15. the part shall be cause for rejection.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2563 − 08 (2015)
TABLE 1 Allowable Defects
Visual Acceptance Levels
Name Definition
Level I Level II Level III
Chip a small piece broken off an edge or surface none maximum dimension of break, 3.0 mm maximum dimension of break, 6.5 mm
1 1
( ⁄8 in.) ( ⁄4 in.)
Crack an actual separation of the laminate, visible on none none none
opposite surfaces, and extending through the
thickness
1 1
Crack, surface crack existing only on the surface of the none maximum length, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum length 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
laminate
Crazing fine cracks at or under the surface of a none maximum dimension of crazing, 13 mm maximum dimension of crazing, 25 mm
laminate ( ⁄2 in.) (1 in.).
frequency and location to be determined by customer
1 1
Delamination, edge separation of the layers of material at the edge none maximum dimension, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum dimension, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
of a laminate
Delamination, separation of the layers of material in a none none none
internal laminate
3 9
Dry-spot area of incomplete surface film where the none maximum diameter, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum diameter, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
reinforcement has not been wetted with resin
Foreign inclusion metallic particles included in a laminate which none none, if for electrical use; maximum none, if for electrical use; maximum
2 2
1 1
(metallic) are foreign to its composition dimension, 0.8 mm ( ⁄32 in.), 1/0.09 m dimension, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.), 1/0.09 m
2 2
(1 ft ), if for mechanical use (1 ft ), if for mechanical use
1 1
Foreign inclusion nonmetallic particles of substance included in a none maximum dimension, 0.8 mm ( ⁄32 in.), maximum dimension, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.);
2 2 2 2
(nonmetallic) laminate which seem foreign to its composition 1/0.09 m (1 ft ) 1/0.09 m (1 ft )
13 1
Fracture rupture of laminate surface without complete none maximum dimension, 21 mm ( ⁄16 in.) maximum dimension, 29 mm (1 ⁄8 in.)
penetration
1 1
Air bubble (void) air entrapment within and between the plies of none maximum diameter, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.); maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.);
2 2
reinforcement, usually spherical in shape 2/in. 4/in.
1 1
Blister rounded elevation of the surface of a laminate, none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.); maximum diameter, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.);
with boundaries that may be more or less height from surface not to be outside height from surface not to be outside
sharply defined, somewhat resembling in shape drawing tolerance drawing tolerance
a blister on the human skin
Burned showing evidence of thermal decomposition none none none
through some discoloration, distortion, or
destruction of the surface of the laminate
3 1
Fish-eye small globular mass which has not blended none maximum diameter, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum diameter, 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.)
completely into the surrounding material and is
particularly evident in a transparent or
translucent material
1 3
Lack of fillout an area, occurring usually at the edge of a none maximum diameter, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.) maximum diameter, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
laminated plastic, where the reinforcement has
not been wetted with resin
9 1
Orange-peel uneven surface somewhat resembling an none maximum diameter, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) maximum diameter, 29 mm (1 ⁄8 in.)
orange peel
Pimple small, sharp, or conical elevation on the none none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
surface of a laminate
1 1
Pit (pinhole) small crater in the surface of a laminate, with none maximum diameter, 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.); maximum diameter, 0.8 mm ( ⁄32 in.);
its width approximately of the same order of depth less than 1 percent of wall depth less than 20 percent of wall
magnitude as its depth thickness thickness
frequency and location to be determined by customer
Porosity (pinhole) presence of numerous visible pits (pinholes) none maximum of 25 pits (pinholes) in maximum of 50 pits (pinholes) in
porous area of size listed in Level II porous area of size listed in Level III
1 1
Pre-gel an unintentional extra layer of cured resin on none maximum dimension, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.); maximum dimension, 13 mm ( ⁄
...
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