ASTM F2408-04
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ornamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel Tubular
Standard Specification for Ornamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel Tubular
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for coated tubular picket ornamental fence systems fabricated from galvanized steel components.
1.2 The requirements of this specification do not apply to vertical bar fence systems utilizing solid bar or wrought iron materials.
1.3 The values stated with in-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in brackets are provided for information.
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Designation: F 2408 – 04
Standard Specification for
Ornamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel Tubular
Pickets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2408; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3359 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-
ments for coated tubular picket ornamental fence systems
3. Terminology
fabricated from galvanized steel components.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The requirements of this specification do not apply to
3.1.1 tubular picket ornamental metal fence system—an
vertical bar fence systems utilizing solid bar or wrought iron
architectural metal fence system that combines ornamental
materials.
fence structural components (that is, tubular pickets, rails, and
1.3 The values stated with in-pound units are to be regarded
posts) with ornamental accessories and fasteners, assembled
as the standard. The SI values in brackets are provided for
and evaluated as a complete installed structure.
information.
3.1.2 fence panel—fabricated unit consisting of rails and
2. Referenced Documents pickets. Also referred to as a fence section.
3.1.3 rail—horizontal structural component of a fence
2.1 ASTM Standards:
panel.
A 653/A 653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
3.1.4 tubular picket—hollow vertical ornamental compo-
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)
nent of a fence panel.
by the Hot-Dip Process
3.1.5 post—vertical fence structural component that sup-
A 1008/A 1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
ports the panel in the ornamental metal fence system.
Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
3.1.6 ornamental accessory—any fitting that adds further
Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Form-
decoration to an ornamental metal fence system including
ability
itemssuchasfinials,caps,picketcollars,rings,scrolls,orother
A 1011/A 1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
ornamental panel inserts.
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy
3.1.7 adhesion—the bonding integrity of an organic coating
and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability
to the base metal substrate.
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt-Spray (Fog) Apparatus
3.1.8 corrosion resistance—the ability of an organically
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
coated metal product to resist attack due to the base metal
D 822 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related
attempting to return to a more passive oxidized state.
Coatings and Materials Using Filtered Open-Flame
3.1.9 impact resistance—the measure of an organically
Carbon-Arc Light and Water Exposure Apparatus
coated metal product to resist indention; the ability of a coating
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
toresistcrackingorlossofadhesionduetoreformingthemetal
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
during bending or a shape change from abuse.
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
3.1.10 weathering resistance—the ability of an organically
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
coated metal product to resist loss of coating gloss or color
D 2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
change due to excessive humidity or ultra-violet (UV) sunlight
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
exposure.
1 4. Significance and Use
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fences
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.35 on Architectural Metal
4.1 The purpose of this specification is to define minimum
Fence Systems.
selection criteria and test procedures to ensure product users
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004.
that a tubular picket ornamental metal fence system has the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
strength necessary to withstand reasonable loads and penetra-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tion forces, and has the appropriate combination of material
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2408–04
and surface protection to withstand the harmful effects of 6. Physical Dimensions
corrosion and weathering for an extended period of time.
6.1 Cross-section and thickness dimensional requirements
for ornamental metal fence structural components shall be as
5. Materials and Manufacture
specified by the manufacturer, provided that the performance
5.1 Steel material for tubular picket ornamental fence sys-
criteria of Section 8 are met. Table 1 is provided as a guideline
tem structural components shall be galvanized by the hot-dip
to show nominal values typically used for residential, light
process, either after forming (in accordance with 5.1.1), or
industrial (commercial) and industrial applications.
prior to forming (in accordance with 5.1.2).
6.2 Fence height and space between rails may vary in
5.1.1 Steel material for fence structural components (that is,
accordance with manufacturer’s standards, provided local or-
tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized after form-
dinances and building codes do not limit these dimensions for
ing, shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA 1008/
a specific application, such as might be the case for pool safety,
A 1008M or Specification A 1011/A 1011M, with a minimum
gate safety, or structural wind load bearing capacity. No
yield strength of 45 000 psi [310 MPa]. The exterior shall be
sharply pointed picket tops shall be used on fences less than
2 2
hot-dip galvanized with a 0.3 oz/ft [92 g/m ] minimum zinc
four ft [1.22 m] in height.
weight. The interior surface shall be coated with a thermoset-
NOTE 1—Fence height is a nominal value and is typically the distance
ting coating containing zinc or other rust inhibitors and have
from grade to the top of the fence.
0.3 mils [0.0076 mm] minimum thickness.
6.3 The spacing between pickets shall be four in. [101.6
5.1.2 Steel material for fence structural components (that is,
mm] or less; however, if applicable local regulations (such as
tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized prior to
may be applied to pool fencing, child care facility fencing,
forming, shall conform to the requirements of Specification
public railing systems, or fencing adjacent to automated gates,
A 653/A 653M, with a minimum yield strength of 45 000 psi
and so forth) have more restrictive spacing requirements, then
[310MPa].ForIndustrialandLightIndustrialapplications(see
those local regulations shall govern.
Table 1), the steel shall be hot-dip galvanized to meet Speci-
ficationA 653/A 653Mwithaminimumzinccoatingweightof
2 2 7. Workmanship
0.9 oz/ft [276 g/m ], Coating Designation G-90. For Residen-
7.1 All ornamental metal fence system components shall be
tial applications (see Table 1), the steel shall be hot-dip
produced using materials and finishes specified in Section 5,
galvanized to meet Specification A 653/A 653M with a mini-
2 2
and shall be free from defects in workmanship.
mum zinc coating weight of 0.6 oz/ft [184 g/m ], Coating
Designation G-60.
8. Testing—Structural
5.2 Organic Coating Materials:
5.2.1 Powder coatings applied to the exterior surface of 8.1 Structural Test Method A—Application of Horizontal
fence components shall be polymer material: polyester or Concentrated Load:
epoxy and polyester combinations having a minimum thick- 8.1.1 Installation of Test Specimen—One line of fence with
ness of 3 mils; polyolefin elastomer having a minimum a minimum of three panels of the fence system to be tested
thickness of 7 mils; or PVC having a minimum thickness of 10 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s speci-
mils. fications and drawings. Selection of the test specimen should
5.2.2 Wet coating applied to the exterior surface of fence consider the maximum range of styles and sizes to be certified
componentsshallbeatwo-coatpolyurethanepaintsystem(one (see Section 10).
coat of two part high solids primer, one coat of two part 8.1.2 Apparatus:
polyurethane paint) having a minimum thickness of 2 mils. 8.1.2.1 Testing Machine—Any testing machine or loading
5.3 Fittings, fasteners, and decorative accessories for orna- device,capableofimposingforcesaccuratetowithin1 %(plus
mental steel fence systems shall be manufactured with a or minus), when calibrated in accordance with Practices E 4, is
material and finish coating that meets the same protective suitable and may be used, provided the requirements of
coating performance requirements as required for panels and specified rate of loading and unloading are met. The testing
posts. device shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of its
TABLE 1 Nominal Sizes for Ornamental Fence Structural Components
Application Component Typical Cross-Section Wall Thickness
5 5
Residential Picket ⁄8 by ⁄8 in. [15.9 by 15.9 mm] 18 Ga.
Rail 1 by 1 in. [25.4 by 25.4 mm] 18 Ga.
Post 2 by 2 in. [50.8 by 50.8 mm] 16 Ga.
3 3
Light Industrial (Commercial) Picket ⁄4 by ⁄4 in. [19.0 by 19.0 mm] 16 Ga.
3 1
Rail 1- ⁄8 by 1- ⁄2 in. [34.9 by 38.1 mm] or 14 Ga.
1 1
1- ⁄2 by 1- ⁄2 in. [38.1 by 38.1 mm]
1 1
Post 2- ⁄2 by 2- ⁄2 in. [63.5 by 63.5 mm] 14 Ga.
Industrial Picket 1 by 1 in. [25.4 by 25.4 mm] 16 Ga.
3 1
Rail 1- ⁄8 by 1- ⁄2 in. [34.9 by 38.1 mm] or 14 Ga.
1 1
1- ⁄2 by 1- ⁄2 in. [38.1 by 38.1 mm]
Post 3 by 3 in. [76.2 by 76.2 mm] 12 Ga.
F2408–04
various components and shall ensure that the applied load 8.1.4.1 Initial Load Application—Apply an initial load cor-
remains essentially parallel to the relevant axis of the assembly responding to 50 % of the required test load (see Table 2) for
during testing.
a minimum of two minutes in order to bring all members into
8.1.2.2 Test System—A diagrammatic test set-up for apply-
full bearing. Reduce load to 25 % of the required test load
ing horizontal tension forces to the assembly is shown in Fig.
(50 % of the preload), and observe the initial deflection. The
1. The bearing plate, normally 6 in. [150 mm] long, shall be of
deflection at this initial test load shall be the base point for
sufficient size to prevent local failure of the surrounding
subsequent deflection readings.
structuralmembersorcomponents.Theloadingdeviceshallbe
8.1.4.2 Step Load Application—Once the initial deflection
attached to the assembly by means of pins or a swivel
point has been established, load application shall proceed at a
connector to prevent the direct transfer of any flexural forces
uniform rate (see 8.1.4.3) to the required test load and the final
through the connection.
deflection shall be calculated (by subtracting the deflection
8.1.2.3 Deflection Measurements—Dial gages, having a
reading at initial test load from the deflection reading at the
smallest division of not more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm], or any
required test load) for comparison with the maximum allow-
suitable measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at least
able deflection. If more detailed information on deformation
comparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be used to measure
rate versus load application is desired, the load may be applied
the horizontal displacements of the top rail relative to its
in constant-level steps to the required test load instead of the
originallocationateachloadingpointpriortoloadapplication.
single step load application. For multiple step loads, each step
These devices shall have sufficient measurement capability to
(equal to approximately 15 % of the required test load) should
indicate the displacement throughout the test range.
be released to the initial test load for observation of the
8.1.3 Procedure:
corresponding residual deflection. The initial and incremental
8.1.3.1 Positioning—Position the test stand in such a way
readings of the force and deflection gages at each load point
that the load is applied, as shown in Fig. 1, to the structural
can then be recorded in the form of load-deformation curves.
member perpendicular to the plane of the fence system without
8.1.4.3 Rate of Loading—Therateofloadingtotherequired
causing any local failure at the point of load application.
test load (or between increments if multiple steps are chosen)
8.1.3.2 Mounting of Instruments—Mount the dial gage,
shall be uniform throughout the test and such that the load is
measurement device, or sensor at the loading point as is shown
applied at a constant rate of deformation of 0.20 in. 6 0.10 in.
inFig.1.Placethesensingelementoftheinstrumentincontact
with and normal to the surface or an extension of the surface of [5.0 mm 6 2.5 mm] per minute. If this rate of loading cannot
be achieved because of the type of testing machine used or the
the top rail of the fence system being tested in such a way as
to measure displacement in the direction of the applied load. equipment available, the rate of loading shall be as near to that
8.1.4 Load Application: required in this subsection.
FIG. 1 Test Set-Up for Application of Horizontal Concentrated Load
F2408–04
TABLE 2 Required Test Load Capabilities
Required Test Load—Method A Required Test Load—Method B Required Test Load—Method C Required Test Load—Method D
Class (Based on Residual Deflection (Based on Residual Deflection (Based on Residual Deflection (Based on Residual Deflection
A
1 1 1 1
Less Than ⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] Less Than ⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] Less Than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] Less Than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm]
Industrial 300 lbf [1330 N] 400 lbf [1780 N] 100 lbf [440 N] 100 lbf [440 N]
Commercial 200 lbf [890 N] 300 lbf [1330 N] 75 lbf [330 N] 75 lbf [330 N]
Residential 100 lbf [440 N] 200 lbf [890 N] 50 lbf [220 N] 50 lbf [220 N]
A
Test Method D Capability also requires that the test cone never penetrates beyond the tapered portion during any step load increment including the required test load.
8.2 Structural Test Method B—Application of Vertical Con- bearing plate, normally 4 in. [101.6 mm] long, shall be of
centrated Load:
sufficient size to prevent local failure of the surrounding
8.2.1 Installation of Test Specimen—A minimum of one structural members or components. The bearing plate shall be
panel of the fence system to be tested shall be installed in
positionedflushtothetoprailandshallhaveaholeatitscenter
accordance with the manufac
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