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ASTM E1252-98(2002)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis

Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Infrared spectroscopy is the most widely used technique for identifying organic and inorganic materials. This practice describes methods for the proper application of infrared spectroscopy.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the spectral range from 4000-50 cm-1 and includes techniques that are useful for qualitative analysis of liquid-, solid-, and vapor-phase samples by infrared spectrometric techniques for which the amount of sample available for analysis is not a limiting factor. These techniques are often also useful for recording spectra at frequencies higher than 4000 cm-1, in the near-infrared region.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 6.5.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-1998
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
Drafting Committee
E13.03 - Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1252-98 - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Replaced By
ASTM E1252-98(2007) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3384-21 - Standard Specification for Polydioxanone Polymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM F1925-22 - Standard Specification for Semi-Crystalline Poly(lactide) Polymer and Copolymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E168-16(2023) - Standard Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E2310-04(2015) - Standard Guide for Use of Spectral Searching by Curve Matching Algorithms with Data Recorded Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E932-89(2021) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E1790-04(2016)e1 - Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative Analysis
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E1642-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Gas Chromatography Infrared (GC/IR) Analysis
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM F2313-18 - Standard Specification for Poly(glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Resins for Surgical Implants with Mole Fractions Greater Than or Equal to 70 % Glycolide
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6348-12(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM F2579-18 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Poly(lactide) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E1944-98(2021) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Laboratory Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM D8438/D8438M-23 - Standard Test Methods for Use of Hyperspectral Sensors for Soil Nutrient Analysis of Ground Based Samples
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998
Referred By
ASTM E2105-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998

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ASTM E1252-98(2002) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative AnalysisASTM E1252-98(2002) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
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ASTM E1252-98(2002) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1252–98 (Reapproved2002)
Standard Practice for
General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for
1
Qualitative Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1252; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the spectral range from 4000–50 4.1 Infraredspectroscopyisthemostwidelyusedtechnique
−1
cm and includes techniques that are useful for qualitative for identifying organic and inorganic materials. This practice
analysisofliquid-,solid-,andvapor-phasesamplesbyinfrared describes methods for the proper application of infrared
spectrometric techniques for which the amount of sample spectroscopy.
available for analysis is not a limiting factor.These techniques
5. General
areoftenalsousefulforrecordingspectraatfrequencieshigher
–1
than 4000 cm , in the near-infrared region. 5.1 Infrared (IR) qualitative analysis is carried out by
3
functional group identification (1-3) or by the comparison of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the IR absorption spectra of unknown materials with those of
known reference materials, or both.These spectra are obtained
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- (4-8) through transmission, reflection, and other techniques,
such as photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). Spectra that are to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tions are given in 6.5.1. be compared should be obtained by the same technique and
under the same conditions. Users of published reference
2. Referenced Documents
spectra (9-16) should be aware that not all of these spectra are
2.1 ASTM Standards: fully validated.
2
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy 5.1.1 Instrumentation and accessories for infrared qualita-
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti- tive analysis are commercially available. The manufacturer’s
2
tative Analysis manual should be followed to ensure optimum performance
E334 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Mi- and safety.
2
croanalysis 5.2 Transmission spectra are obtained by placing a thin
2
E573 Practices for Internal Reflection Spectroscopy uniform layer of the sample perpendicular to the infrared
E932 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance radiation path (see 9.5.1 for exception in order to eliminate
2
of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers interference fringes for thin films). The sample thickness must
E1421 PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformance be adequate to cause a decrease in the radiant power reaching
of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers: the detector at the absorption frequencies used in the analysis.
2
Level Zero and Level One For best results, the absorbance of the strongest bands should
E1642 PracticeforGeneralTechniquesofGasChromatog- be in the range from 1 to 2, and several bands should have
2
raphy Infrared (GC/IR) Analysis absorbances of 0.6 units or more. There are exceptions to this
generalization based on the polarity of the molecules being
3. Terminology
measured. For example, saturated hydrocarbons are nonpolar,
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsandsymbols,refer
and their identifying bands are not strong enough unless the
−1
to Terminology E131. C-H stretch at 2920 cm is opaque and the deformation bands
are in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 absorbance units (A) at 1440
−1
to 1460 cm . Spectra with different amounts of sample in the
radiation path may be required to permit reliable analysis. If
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E-13 on Molecular
spectra are to be identified by computerized curve matching,
Spectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.03 on Infrared
Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published June 1998. Originally
e1 3
published as E1252–88. Last previous edition E1252–94 . The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. the text.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1252–98 (2002)
the absorbance of the strongest band should be less than 1; Demountable spacers can be used when a longer path length is
otherwise, the effect of the instrument line shape function will required to obtain a useful spectrum.
cause errors in the relative intensities
...

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