ASTM F3027-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
Standard Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain.
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.
4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed”) to their current training levels.
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.
4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations.
4.3.1 A Mountain Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment.
4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standar...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.
1.6 Type I-IV teams (as defined in F1993) which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified).
1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3027 − 13
Standard Guide for
Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain
1
(Mountain Endorsement)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including 2.1 ASTM Standards:
generalandfieldknowledge,skills,andabilities,forsearchand F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
terrain. F1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue
Resources
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those
F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team
individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions
Member
found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a
F2752 Guide for Training for Level I Rope Rescue (R1)
negative impact on human physiology.
Rescuer Endorsement
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under
2.2 Other References:
qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) publication
effectively in mountainous terrain.
PMS 304-2, “Fitness and Work Capacity”
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to
“Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills,” 8th ed.
indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or
3. Terminology
abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and
rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alpine environment, n—mountainous terrain, typically
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training
abovetreeline,wheretheabilitytonegotiateroutesratedClass
requirements for performing operations in partially or fully
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2–5 is required and where travel is further affected by any
collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces,
combination of altitude, extreme weather, extensive exposure
underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an
alpine environment. to snow/ice obstacles, avalanche risk, and crevasses. In
general, the alpine environment includes all mountainous
1.6 TypeI-IVteams(asdefinedinF1993)whichmayutilize
terrain above 3,500 meters.
personnel trained to this guide are KindA(wilderness), Kind B
3.1.2 alpine ice axe, n—as defined by the UIAA (Union
(urban),andKindC(mountainous),KindD(disaster/collapse),
Internationale Des Associations D’Alpinisme), a Type B ice
Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I
tool (the UIAA Basic type) with lower strength, for use in
(avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft),
general circumstances, as on glacier for snow hiking, for ski
and/or Kind L (unclassified).
mountaineering, etc., and which meets the requirements of
1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under
UIAA 152 or CE EN 13089:2011.
qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority
3.1.3 exposure, n—the degree to which a person is exposed
Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
on a high, sheer, and unsheltered rock face.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 mountainous terrain, n—a tract of land characterized
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by steep slopes and great variations in elevation, where the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, the ASTM website.
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Training and Education. Route Class is defined by the Yosemite Decimal System: Ronald C. Eng and
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. DOI: 10.1520/ JulieVanPelt,eds., Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills,8thed.(Seattle,WA:
F3027-13. Mountaineers Books, 2010), p. 564.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F3027 − 13
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ability to negotiate routes rated Class 2–4 , and occasionally 4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards,
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Class 5 , is required, and where trav
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