ASTM D7153-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals which, if present in the fuel system of the aircraft, can restrict the flow of fuel through filters. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel shall always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.
5.3 This test method expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C, and it eliminates most of the operator time and judgment required by Test Method D2386.
5.4 When a specification requires Test Method D2386, do not substitute this test method or any other test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation turbine fuels.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of –80 °C to 20 °C; however, the interlaboratory study mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of –60 °C to –42 °C.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7153 −15
IP529⁄15
StandardTest Method for
1
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel tempera-
ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise
perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in
under specified conditions of test.
aviation turbine fuels.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature
3.2.1 automatic laser method, n—the procedures of auto-
range of –80 °C to 20 °C; however, the interlaboratory study
matically cooling a liquid aviation fuel specimen until solid
mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with
hydrocarbon crystals appear, followed by controlled warming
fuels having freezing points in the range of –60 °C to –42 °C.
and recording of temperature at which hydrocarbon crystals
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
completely redissolve into the liquid phase.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.3 Symbols:
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Cd = the specimen temperature at which the appearance of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the first crystals are detected in the specimen by an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
optical crystal detector under specified conditions of
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
test.
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Co = the specimen temperature at which the appearance of
opacity in the specimen is detected by an optical
2. Referenced Documents
opacity detector under specified conditions of test.
2
Do = the specimen temperature at which the disappearance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of opacity in the specimen is detected by an optical
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
opacity detector under specified conditions of test.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
4. Summary of Test Method
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
4.1 Aspecimeniscooledatarateof10 °C⁄min 65 °C⁄min
Petroleum Products
while continuously being illuminated by a laser light source.
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
The specimen is continuously monitored by optical crystal and
3
IP 16 Determination Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
opacity detectors for the first formation of solid hydrocarbon
crystals. Once the hydrocarbon crystals are detected by both
3. Terminology
sets of optical detectors, the specimen is then warmed at a rate
3.1 Definitions:
of 3 °C⁄min 6 0.5 °C⁄min. When initial opacity in the
specimen disappears, the specimen is then warmed at a rate of
12 °C⁄min 6 l °C⁄min. The specimen temperature at which
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
the last hydrocarbon crystals return to the liquid phase, as
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
detected by the crystal detector, is recorded as the freezing
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
point.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7153 – 05 (2010).
4.2 In certain circumstances, as measured by the apparatus,
DOI: 10.1520/D7153-15.
2
the specimen is reheated to approximately 10 °C, then cooled
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
at the rate in 4.1 until hydrocarbon crystals are detected by the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
crystal detector. The specimen is then warmed at a rate of
the ASTM website.
3
12 °C⁄min 6 l °C⁄min, until the last hydrocarbon crystals
Annual Book of IP Standards Methods, Vol 1.Available from Energy Institute,
61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K. return to the liquid phase. The specimen temperature at which
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7153−15
the last hydrocarbon crystals return to the liquid phase, as 6.6 Waste Receiving Cont
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7153 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D7153 − 15
IP 529 ⁄15
Standard Test Method for
1
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation
turbine fuels.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of -80–80 °C to 20°C;20 °C; however, the interlaboratory study
mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of -60–60 °C to
-42°C.–42 °C.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
3
IP 16 Determination Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel temperature at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling, disappear
when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise under specified conditions of test.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 automatic laser method, n—the procedures of automatically cooling a liquid aviation fuel specimen until solid
hydrocarbon crystals appear, followed by controlled warming and recording of temperature at which hydrocarbon crystals
completely redissolve into the liquid phase.
3.3 Symbols:
Cd = the specimen temperature at which the appearance of the first crystals are detected in the specimen by an optical crystal
detector under specified conditions of test.
Co = the specimen temperature at which the appearance of opacity in the specimen is detected by an optical opacity detector
under specified conditions of test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010April 1, 2015. Published May 2010April 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D7152–05.D7153 – 05 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D7153-05R10.10.1520/D7153-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of IP Standards Methods, Vol 1. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7153 − 15
Do = the specimen temperature at which the disappearance of opacity in the specimen is detected by an optical opacity detector
under specified conditions of test.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is cooled at a rate of 1010 °C ⁄min 6 5°C/min5 °C ⁄min while continuously being illuminated by a laser light
source. The specimen is continuously monitored by optical crystal and opacity detectors for the first formation of solid hydrocarbon
crystals. Once the hydrocarbon crystals are detected by both sets of optical detectors, the specimen is then warmed at a rate of
33 °C ⁄min 6 0.5°C/min.0.5 °C ⁄min. When initial opacity in the specimen disappears, the specimen is then warmed at a rate of
1212 °C ⁄min 6 l°C/min.l °C ⁄min. The specimen temperature at which the last hydrocarbon crystals return to the liquid phase, as
detected by the crystal detector, is recorded as the freezing point.
4.2 In certain
...
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