ASTM D1747-09(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refractive index is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
5.2 The use of refractive index in correlative methods for the determination of the gross composition of viscous oils and waxes often requires its measurement at elevated temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and melted solids that have refractive indexes in the range between 1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100°C. Temperatures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the melting point of the sample is at least 10°C below the test temperature.
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy stated, to liquids having colors darker than ASTM Color No. 4, ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to solids melting within 10°C of the test temperature.
Note 1: The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indices above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are not yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions has not been evaluated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1747 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
1
Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive
indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of
2. Referenced Documents
transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
meltedsolidsthathaverefractiveindexesintherangebetween
1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100°C. Tem- D362SpecificationforIndustrialGradeToluene(Withdrawn
3
1989)
peratures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the
melting point of the sample is at least 10°C below the test D841Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
temperature.
(ASTM Color Scale)
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
stated,toliquidshavingcolorsdarkerthanASTMColorNo.4,
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids
Measurement System Performance
which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
solids melting within 10°C of the test temperature.
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
NOTE1—Theinstrumentcanbesuccessfullyusedforrefractiveindices
mometers
above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are
notyetavailable,theaccuracyofmeasurementundertheseconditionshas
3. Terminology
not been evaluated.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
specified wavelength) in air, to its velocity in the substance
standard.
under examination. The relative index of refraction is defined
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
as the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
angle of refraction, as light passes from air into the substance.
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
If absolute refractive index (that is, referred to vacuum) is
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
desired, this value should be multiplied by the factor 1.00027,
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
the absolute refractive index of air. The numerical value of
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
refractive index of liquids varies inversely with both wave-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
length and temperature.
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
4. Summary of Test Method
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
4.1 Therefractiveindexnormallyismeasuredbythecritical
state law.
angle method using monochromatic light from a sodium lamp.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The instrument is previously adjusted by means of calibration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
obtained with certified liquid standards.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1747–09. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D1747-09R14. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1747 − 09 (2014)
TABLE 1 Primary Liquid Standards liquid should pass the thermometer on leaving, not on entering, t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1747 − 09 D1747 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
1
Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of
transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and melted solids that have refractive indexes in the range between 1.33
and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100°C. Temperatures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the melting point of the
sample is at least 10°C below the test temperature.
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy stated, to liquids having colors darker than ASTM Color No. 4,
ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to solids
melting within 10°C of the test temperature.
NOTE 1—The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indices above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are not
yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions has not been evaluated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene (Withdrawn 1989)
D841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of specified wavelength) in air, to its velocity in the substance under
examination. The relative index of refraction is defined as the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of
refraction, as light passes from air into the substance. If absolute refractive index (that is, referred to vacuum) is desired, this value
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009June 1, 2014. Published October 2009July 2014. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
ε1
D1747–99(2004)D1747 .–09. DOI: 10.1520/D1747-09.10.1520/D1747-09R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1747 − 09 (2014)
TABLE 1 Primary Liquid Sta
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