ASTM D6850-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for QC of Screening Methods in Water
Standard Guide for QC of Screening Methods in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Screening methods are often used to determine the presence or absence of a specific analyte, groups of analytes, classes of compounds or other indicators of chemical compounds in order to determine if further analysis or action is necessary. The determination whether to proceed with further action is useful in reducing the number of negative results for which the screening method serves as a surrogate.
4.2 The use of screening methods, whether to generate qualitative or semi-quantitative results, is increasingly becoming a useful tool for regulatory monitoring, process control, and site characterization. The appropriate use of a screening method, or any other method for that matter, is dependent upon the data quality objectives (DQOs) that are defined by the user of the data.
4.3 Persons responsible for assessing the quality of the data generated by the use of screening methods should have detailed QC guidelines by which to assess data quality.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the quality control (QC) practices for use with screening methods for organic and inorganic constituents in water. Methods are provided by various standard setting bodies, governmental agencies, as well as many domestic and international manufacturers.
1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated. Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements may be necessary. This guide also includes general considerations regarding proper utilization of screening methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6850 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
QC of Screening Methods in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5172 Guide for Documenting the Standard Operating Pro-
cedures Used for the Analysis of Water
1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the quality
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
control (QC) practices for use with screening methods for
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
organic and inorganic constituents in water. Methods are
D5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Wastewater
provided by various standard setting bodies, governmental
agencies, as well as many domestic and international manu-
3. Terminology
facturers.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These
Terminology D1129 and Practice D5847.
procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements
3.2.1 action level, n—a concentration of the analyte of
may be necessary. This guide also includes general consider-
concern at which some further action is required or suggested.
ations regarding proper utilization of screening methods.
3.2.2 batch, n—a set (group) of samples analyzed along
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
with QC samples; the quality of the sample-set’s results is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
indicated by the results from the QC samples.
standard.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The number of samples in the batch is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
defined by the task group responsible for the method. See
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
PracticeD5847fordefinitionanddiscussionofbatchandbatch
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
size.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 false negative, n—a negative response for a sample
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that contains the target analyte(s) at or above the stated action
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
level.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.2.4 false positive, n—a positive response for a sample that
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- contains the target analyte(s) below the stated action level.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.5 qualitative method, n—a validated method that detects
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
presence or absence of an analyte at a specified screening limit.
3.2.6 screening limit, n—the concentration of analyte that
2. Referenced Documents
can be determined with a given certainty.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The task group responsible for the
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
method establishes the value of the screening limit.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.2.7 screening method, n—amethodthatisusedtoseparate
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
or categorize samples.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—An example would be a method that
1 provides results that would be used to separate samples into:
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in (1) those that contain an analyte and (2) those that do not
Water.
contain and analyte above or below a specified action level.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally
3.2.8 semi-quantitative method Type 1, n—a method whose
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6850 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/D6850-18.
results are given in specified, discreet concentration ranges.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.8.1 Discussion—Two types of examples of this method
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
would include semi-quantitative immunoassays or test strips.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. The cutoff concentration of the range
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6850 − 13 D6850 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
QC of Screening Methods in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the Quality Control quality control (QC) practices for use with screening
methods for organic and inorganic constituents in water. Methods are provided by various standard setting bodies, governmental
agencies, as well as many domestic and international manufacturers.
1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These
procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated. Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements may
be necessary. This guide also includes general considerations regarding proper utilization of screening methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5172 Guide for Documenting the Standard Operating Procedures Used for the Analysis of Water
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Wastewater
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D1129 and Practice D5847.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129 and Practice D5847.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 action level, n—a concentration of the analyte of concern at which some further action is required or suggested.
3.2.2 batch, n—a set (group) of samples analyzed along with QC samples; the quality of the sample-set’s results is indicated
by the results from the QC samples.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The number of samples in the batch is defined by the task group responsible for the method. See Practice D5847 for definition and
discussion of batch and batch size.
3.2.3 false negative, n—a negative response for a sample that contains the target analyte(s) at or above the stated action level.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013May 1, 2018. Published August 2013May 2018. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D6850 – 03 (2008).D6850 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6850-13.10.1520/D6850-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6850 − 18
3.2.4 false positive, n—a positive response for a sample that contains the target analyte(s) below the stated action level.
3.2.5 qualitative method, n—a validated method that detects presence or absence of an analyte at a specified screening limit.
3.2.6 screening limit, n—the concentration of analyte that can be determined with a given certainty.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
The task group responsible for the method establishes the value of the screening limit.
3.2.7 scre
...
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