ASTM D7963-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
Standard Test Method for Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The present and growing international governmental requirements to add Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) to diesel fuel has had the unintended side-effect of leading to potential FAME contamination of fuels in multi-fuel transport facilities such as cargo tankers and pipelines, and industry wide concerns. This has led to a requirement to measure contamination levels in diesel and other fuels to assist custody transfer issues.
5.2 Analytical methods have been developed with the capability of measuring down to
5.3 A similar procedure, Test Method D7797, is available for AVTUR in the range 10 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg. Test Method D7797 uses the same apparatus, with a specific model developed for AVTUR.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method using flow analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FA-FTIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS) processing for the quantitative determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contamination of middle distillates, in the range of 20 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg, and of middle distillates and residual fuels, following dilution, for levels above 0.1 %.
Note 1: Annex A2 describes a dilution procedure to significantly expand the measurement range above 1000 mg/kg for distillates and to enable measurement of residual oils
Note 2: This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm-1 and C8 to C22 molecules, as specified in standards such as D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the test method is based on the molecular mass of C16 to C18 FAME species; the presence of other FAME species with different molecular masses could affect the accuracy.
Note 3: Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. However any potential interference effects of these additives are eliminated by the flow analysis processing.
Note 4: The scope of this test method does not include aviation turbine fuel which is addressed by Test Method D7797.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7963 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl
Esters in Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow
Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—
1
Rapid Screening Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method
using flow analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FA-FTIR)
2. Referenced Documents
spectroscopywithpartialleastsquares(PLS)processingforthe
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
quantitative determination of the fatty acid methyl ester
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
(FAME) contamination of middle distillates, in the range of
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
20 mg⁄kgto1000 mg⁄kg,andofmiddledistillatesandresidual
ucts by Hydrometer Method
fuels, following dilution, for levels above 0.1 %.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
NOTE 1—Annex A2 describes a dilution procedure to significantly
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
expand the measurement range above 1000 mg/kg for distillates and to
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
enable measurement of residual oils
Petroleum Products
NOTE 2—This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR
-1
absorbance at approximately 1749 cm and C to C molecules, as D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
8 22
specified in standards such as D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the
Petroleum Products
test method is based on the molecular mass of C to C FAME species;
16 18
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
thepresenceofotherFAMEspecieswithdifferentmolecularmassescould
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
affect the accuracy.
Lubricants
NOTE 3—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corro-
sion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
However any potential interference effects of these additives are elimi-
for Middle Distillate Fuels
nated by the flow analysis processing.
D7797 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid
NOTE 4—The scope of this test method does not include aviation
Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using
turbine fuel which is addressed by Test Method D7797.
Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
standard.
Analysis
3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 CEN Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EN 14214 Automotive Fuels—Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(FAME) for Diesel Engines—Requirements and Test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Methods
4
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
IP 583 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
rd
3
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. Available from theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) 25W43 St,
th
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved 4 Floor. New York, NY 10036.
4
in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7963 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London,
D7963-19. W1G7AR, U.K. www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7963 − 14 D7963 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl
Esters in Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow
Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—
1
Rapid Screening Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method using flow analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FA-FTIR)
spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS) processing for the quantitative determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
contamination of middle distillates, in the range of 20 mg ⁄kg to 1000 mg ⁄kg, and of middle distillates and residual fuels, following
dilution, for levels above 0.1 %.
NOTE 1—Annex A2 describes a dilution procedure to significantly expand the measurement range above 1000 mg/kg for distillates and to enable
measurement of residual oils
-1
NOTE 2—This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm and C to C molecules, as specified
8 22
in standards such as D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the test method is based on the molecular mass of C to C FAME species; the presence
16 18
of other FAME species with different molecular masses could affect the accuracy.
NOTE 3—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. However
any potential interference effects of these additives are eliminated by the flow analysis processing.
NOTE 4—Precision for middle distillate and residual fuel is provided in preliminary form at this time, details are given in Appendix X1.
NOTE 4—The scope of this test method does not include aviation turbine fuel which is addressed by Test Method D7797.
1.2 All stated The values are in SI units.stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7797 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis
by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability Stability, Cleanliness and CleanlinessCompatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014June 1, 2019. Published October 2014July 2019. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7963 – 14.
DOI: 10.1520/D7963-14.10.1520/D7963-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...
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