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ASTM D7008-08(2013)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers

Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated geotextile. Geosynthetic ADC are classified as nonreusable geosynthetic ADC, and reusable geosynthetic ADC. The breaking factor, tear resistance, and puncture strength of the nonreusable ADC shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The grab strength, trapezoidal tear, and puncture resistance of the reusable ADC shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated geotextile.  
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and does not address grommets, straps or other fabricated parts.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2012
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.06 - Geosynthetic Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7008-08 - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013

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ASTM D7008-08(2013) - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7008 −08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
1
Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable
textiles
and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs)
D4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation
used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills
of Geotextiles
(MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unrein-
Geomembranes and Related Products
forced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geo-
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
textile and uncoated geotextile.
Materials
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and
2.2 Other Standards:
does not address grommets, straps or other fabricated parts.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 Standard
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles
standard. Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) Specification
GM11 Accelerated Weathering of Geomembranes using a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fluorescent UVA-Condensation Exposure Device
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 alternate daily cover, n—an alternative to the tradi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tional 15 cm (6 in.) soil cover required by the USEPA for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
landfill working faces to “control disease vectors, fires, odors,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
blowing liter, and scavenging, without presenting a threat to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
human health and the environment.”
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 fire retardant, adj—in geosynthetic ADCs, meeting the
2
requirementsofNFPA701,Method1,StandardMethodofFire
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.
Sheeting
3.2.3 nonreusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or film
D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of
intended to be placed once and then disposed of, discarded, or
Plastic Film and Sheeting
left in place.
D4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by
3.2.4 reusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or membrane
Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc
material intended to be retrieved and installed more than once
Type Apparatus
to perform the cover function.
3.2.5 working face, n—the area of a landfill in which waste
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on is actively being deposited.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.06 on Geosyn-
thetic Specifications.
4. Classification of Geosynthetic ADCs
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originally
4.1 Nonreusable—Nonreusable geosynthetic ADCs consist
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7008–08. DOI:
10.1520/D7008-08R13.
of disposable films or geotextiles, intended to be left in place
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
without retrieval. Special equipment exists to facilitate the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
placement and anchoring of these materials to cover the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. workingfaceoflandfills.Thecovermaycontainpro-degradant
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7008−08 (2013)
TABLE 2 Classes for Reusable ADCs
additives to accelerate degradation within the waste to allow
the free flow of fluids and gases within the waste mass. Thre
...

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
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1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
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Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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