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ASTM D4591-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines conditions for the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with fluoropolymers. It covers the use of DSC analyses with the fluoropolymers, PTFE, PVDF, PCTFE, and PVF and their copolymers PFA, FEP, ECTFE, EFEP, VDF/HFP, VDF/TFE/HFP, VDF/CTFE. The test method is applicable to the analysis of powders as well as samples taken from semi-finished or finished products. The nature of fluoropolymers is such that special procedures are needed for running DSC analysis and interpreting the results.
1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10 are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1--There is currently no ISO standard that duplicates this test method. Pending ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2 cover similar testing and reference this test method for testing conditions.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4591-97 - Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D4591-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3294-22 - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Molded Sheet and Molded Basic Shapes
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5575-18(2023) - Standard Classification System for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4894-19 - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3307-21 - Standard Specification for Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4895-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Produced From Dispersion
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5675-13(2018) - Standard Classification for Low Molecular Weight PTFE and FEP Micronized Powders
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D2116-16(2021) - Standard Specification for FEP Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7211-23 - Standard Specification for Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and Intended for General Use
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3275-18(2023) - Standard Classification System for E-CTFE-Fluoroplastic Molding, Extrusion, and Coating Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4441-20 - Standard Specification for Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1430-22 - Standard Classification System for Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) Plastics
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7194-19 - Standard Specification for Aerospace Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8436-23 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D4591-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning CalorimetryASTM D4591-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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ASTM D4591-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4591–01
Standard Test Method for
Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of
1
Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E793 Test Method for Heats of Fusion and Crystallization
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
1.1 This test method defines conditions for the use of
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with fluoropolymers.
System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
It covers the use of DSC analyses with the fluoropolymers,
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
PTFE, PVDF, PCTFE, and PVF and their copolymers PFA,
ISO 12086-1 Plastics—Fluoropolymer Dispersion and
FEP, ECTFE, EFEP, VDF/HFP, VDF/TFE/HFP, VDF/CTFE.
Molding and Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation
Thetestmethodisapplicabletotheanalysisofpowdersaswell
and Specification
as samples taken from semi-finished or finished products. The
ISO 12086-2 Plastics—Fluoropolymer Dispersion and
nature of fluoropolymers is such that special procedures are
Molding and Extrusion Materials—Part 2: Preparation of
needed for running DSC analysis and interpreting the results.
Test Specimen and Determination of Properties
1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM
SI 10 are to be regarded as the standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)—a technique
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in which the difference in energy inputs into a substance and a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reference material is measured as a function of temperature,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
NOTE 1—There is currently no ISO standard that duplicates this test
controlled increase or decrease in temperature.
method. Pending ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2 cover similar testing and
3.1.2 Refer to Terminology E473 for general terminology
reference this test method for testing conditions.
used in this test method.
3.2 Abbreviated Terms:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 Abbreviations used in this test method are in accor-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dance with Terminology D1600.
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
3.2.2 PTFE—polytetrafluoroethylene.
Plastics
3.2.3 PFA—perfluoro(alkoxy alkane) resin.
D3417 TestMethodforHeatsofFusionandCrystallization
3.2.4 FEP—perfluoro(ethylene-propene) copolymer.
of Polymers by Thermal Analysis
3.2.5 ETFE—ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Poly-
3.2.6 PVDF—poly(vinylidene fluoride).
mers by Thermal Analysis
3.2.7 PCTFE—polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene.
D4894 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3.2.8 ECTFE—ethylene-monochlorotrifluoroethylene co-
Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
polymer.
D4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3.2.9 EFEP—ethylene-perfluoroethylene-propene copoly-
Resins Produced From Dispersion
mer.
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
3.2.10 VDF/HFP—vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene
copolymer.
3.2.11 VDF/TFE—vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
copolymer.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materi-
als.
3.2.12 VDF/TFE/HFP—vinylidene fluoride-
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally
tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropene copolymer.
published as D4591–87. Last previous edition D4591–97.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4591–01
cooling rate. Integrated areas measured from the DSC curves will be
3.2.13 VDF/CTFE—vinylidene fluoride-
directly proportional to the differential caloric input.
chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer.
NOTE 4—Noncomputerized area measurement shall be d
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.  
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C. Test Method A is a rotational procedure for determining dynamic viscosity. Test Method B is a general procedure for kinematic viscosity of transparent polyols. (See Note 1.)  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of current common usage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    English language
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