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ASTM D6779-02

(Classification)

Standard Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

Standard Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for application from solution.
1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled polyamide materials provided that the requirements as stated in this classification system are met. The proportions of recycled material used, as well as the nature and amount of any contaminant, however, cannot be covered practically in this specification.
1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These may be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
Note 1—This classification system is similar to ISO 1874-1/-2 1993, although the technical content is significantly different.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2002
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6779-02a - Standard Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2785-21 - Standard Specification for Polyamide 12 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D789-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity of Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5336-22 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyphthalamide (PPA) Injection Molding Materials
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM F3091/F3091M-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM F1733-20 - Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA) Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM F3524/F3524M-23 - Standard Specification for Polyamide-12 (PA12) Line Pipe
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2600-09(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-11 Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-11 Pipe and Tubing
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5628-18 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimens by Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or Falling Mass)
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2767-18 - Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-12 Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-12 Pipe and Tubing for Gas Distribution
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D955-21 - Standard Test Method of Measuring Shrinkage from Mold Dimensions of Thermoplastics
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4066-13(2019) - Standard Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5989-18 - Standard Specification for Extruded and Monomer Cast Shapes Made from Nylon (PA)
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Referred By
ASTM G175-13(2021) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ignition Sensitivity and Fault Tolerance of Oxygen Pressure Regulators Used for Medical and Emergency Applications
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002

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ASTM D6779-02 - Standard Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)ASTM D6779-02 - Standard Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
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ASTM D6779-02 - Standard Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6779 – 02
Standard Classification System for
Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
Insulating Materials
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials
D 789 Test Methods for Determination of Relative Viscos-
suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these composi-
ity and Moisture Content of Polyamide (PA)
tions are also suitable for application from solution.
D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
polyamide materials provided that the requirements as stated in
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
this classification system are met. The proportions of recycled
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
material used, as well as the nature and amount of any
Plastics
contaminant, however, cannot be covered practically in this
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
specification.
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
1.3 The properties included in this classification system are
rials
those required to identify the compositions covered. There may
D 6260 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Car-
be other requirements necessary to identify particular charac-
bon Black in Nylon Materials (PA)
teristics important to specialized applications. These may be
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout
2.2 IEC/ISO Standards:
(specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out
IEC 60243-1:1998 Electrical Strength of Insulating
plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts.
Materials—Test Methods—Part 1: Tests at Power Fre-
It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material
quencies
selection should be made by those having expertise in the
IEC 60250:1969 Recommended Methods for the Determi-
plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the
nation of the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Fac-
performance required of the part, the environment to which it
tor of Electrical Insulating Materials at Power, Audio and
will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the
Radio Frequencies Including Metre Wavelengths
costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other
ISO 75-1:1993 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of
than those covered by this classification system.
Deflection Under Load—Part 1: General Test Methods
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ISO 75-2:1993 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of
standard.
Deflection Under Load—Part 2: Plastic and Ebonite
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ISO 179-1:2000 Plastics—Determination of Charpy Impact
test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system.
Strength—Part 1: Non-instrumented Impact Test
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
ISO 294-1:1996 Plastics—Injection Moulding of Test
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials—Part 1: General
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
Principles, Multipurpose-Test Specimens and Bars
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
ISO 307:1994 Determination of Viscosity Number of Polya-
requirements prior to use.
mides In Dilute Solutions
NOTE 1—This classification system is similar to ISO 1874-1/-2 1993,
ISO 527-1:1993 Plastics—Determination of Tensile
although the technical content is significantly different.
Properties—Part 1: General Principles
ISO 527-2:1993 Plastics—Determination of Tensile
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Annual ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 10.01.
Annual ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 08.02.
1 5
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Annual ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 08.03.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Annual ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 14.02.
Materials (Section D20.15.09). Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6779
Properties—Part 2: Testing Conditions
PA = polyamide as found in Terminology D 1600,
ISO 1183:1987 Plastics—Methods for Determining the
01 (group) = polyamide 66,
Density and Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics 2 (class) = heat stabilized, and
ISO 1874-1:1992 Plastics—Polyamide (PA) Homopoly- G35 (grade) = nominal 35 % glass with the requirements
mers and Copolymers for Moulding and Extrusion—Part given in Table PA.
1: Designation
NOTE 4—This part of the classification system uses percent of rein-
ISO 1874-2.2:1996 Plastics—Polyamide (PA) Homopoly-
forcements or additives, or both, in the callout of the modified basic
mers and Copolymers for Moulding and Extrusion—Part
material. The types and percentages of reinforcements and additives
2: Preparation of Test Specimens and Determination of should be shown on the supplier’s technical data sheet unless they are
proprietary in nature. If necessary, additional control of these reinforce-
Properties
ments and additives can be accomplished by use of the suffix part of the
ISO 3167 Plastics, Multipurpose Test Specimens
system (see Section 5).
ISO 3451-4:1998 Plastics—Determination of Ash—Part 4:
NOTE 5—Materials containing reinforcements or fillers, or both, at
Polyamides
nominal levels not in multiples of 5 are included in the nearest PA grade
ISO 11357-1:1997 Plastics—Differential Scanning
designation. For example, a material with a nominal glass fiber level of
Calorimetry—Part 1: General Principles
33 % is included with Grade G35 as shown in Note 4.
ISO 11357-3:1999 Plastics—Differential Scanning
NOTE 6—Ash content of filled or reinforced materials may be deter-
mined using Test Method ISO 3451-4.
Calorimetry—Part 3: Determination of Temperature and
Enthalpy of Melting and Crystallization
4.2 Variations of polyamide materials that are not in Table
ISO 15512:1999 Plastics—Determination of Water Content
PA are classified in accordance with Tables PA and A or B.
Table PA is used to specify the group of polyamide and Table
3. Terminology
A or B is used to specify property requirements.
3.1 The terminology used in this classification system is in
4.2.1 Specific requirements for variations of polyamide
accordance with Terminologies D 883 and D 1600.
materials shall be shown by a six-character designator. The
designation will consist of the letter “A” or “B” and the five
4. Classification
digits comprising the cell numbers for the property require-
4.1 Polyamide materials are classified into groups in accor-
ments in the order as they appear in Tables A and B.
dance with their composition. These groups are subdivided into
4.2.1.1 Although the values listed are necessary to include
classes and grades as shown in the Basic Property Table (Table
the range of properties available in existing material, users
PA).
should not infer that every possible combination of the
properties exists or can be obtained.
NOTE 2—An example of this classification system for unreinforced
4.2.2 When the grade of the basic material is not known, is
polyamide is given as follows: The designation PA0123 indicates the
following: not important or does not meet the Table PA requirements, the
use of “0” grade classification shall be used for reinforced
materials in this classification system.
PA = polyamide as found in Terminology D 1600,
NOTE 7—An example of this classification system for a reinforced
01 (group) = polyamide 66,
polyamide material is given as follows. The designation
2 (class) = heat stabilized, and
PA0110G30A42270 would indicate the following material requirements:
3 (grade) = with a minimum viscosity number of 210 and
the requirements given in Table PA.
4.1.1 Grades of reinforced or filled versions, or both, of the
PA0110 = Polyamide 66, from Table PA,
basic materials are identified by a single letter that indicates the
G30 = Glass reinforced at 30 % nominal,
reinforcement or filler used and two digits, in multiples of 5,
A = Table A property requirements,
that indicate the nominal quantity in percent by weight. Thus,
4 = Tensile strength, 140 MPa, min,
a letter designation G for glass reinforced and 35 for percent or
2 = Tensile modulus, 4500 MPa, min,
reinforcement, G35, specifies a material with a nominal glass 2 = Charpy impact, 5.0 kJ/m , min,
7 = Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, 200°C, min,
level of 35 %. The reinforcement letter designations and
associated tolerance levels are shown as follows: and
0 = Unspecified.
Tolerance
Symbol Material
(Based on the Total Mass)
If no properties are specified, the designation would be
C carbon- and graphite-fiber-reinforced 62%
PA0110G30A00000.
G glass-reinforced 62%
L lubricants (such as PTFE, graphite, Depends upon material and
NOTE 8—When a grade of polyamide is not fully identified by a
silicone, and molybdenum disulfide) process—to be specified.
standard callout, it is possible to specify all table properties by the use of
M mineral-reinforced 62%
an addition of Classification D 4000 suffixes. Suffix values will override
R combinations of reinforcements or 63%
the PA table values. An example of an unreinforced polyamide material is
fillers, or both
given as follows: PA0212KN023. This example is a general purpose, low
NOTE 3—An example of this classification system for reinforced
viscosity PA6 material where K denotes tensile properties, N denotes
polyamide is given as follows: The designation PA012G35 indicates the
tensile modulus with ISO 527 as the test method, and 023 denotes a value
following:
of 2300 MPa. This value for tensile modulus overrides the normal table
value. This example can be applied to replace all table values, that is,
tensile stress, notched Charpy impact, and heat deflection temperature.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6779
4.3 To facilitate the specification of special materials where
the basic property table does not reflect the properties required,
PA0220 = Polyamide 6, heat stabilized, from Table PA,
Table B has been incorporated into this classification system. B = Table B property requirements,
This table will be used in a manner similar to Table A. 5 = Tensile strength, 70 MPa, min,
4 = Tensile modulus, 2400 MPa, min,
NOTE 9—Pigmented or colored polyamides can differ significantly 2
2 = Charpy impact, 4.0 kJ/m , min,
from the natural polymers in mechanical properties depending on the
2 = Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, 55°C, min,
choice of colorants and concentrations. The main property affected is
and
ductility, as illustrated by a reduction in Charpy impact and elongation
0 = unspecified.
values. In a typical white pigmented polyamide, elongation losses of up to
50 % and Charpy impact losses of up to 30 % are common. If specific
properties of pigmented materials are necessary, Table B may be em-
ployed to specify property requirements.
NOTE 10—An example of a special material using this classification
system is as follows: The designation PA0220B54220 would indicate the
following material requirements from Table B:
A,B
TABLE PA Requirements for Polyamides Dry-as-Molded
Deflection
Tensile Tensile Charpy
F
Temperature,
E
Viscosity Strength, Modulus, Impact
D
Density, ISO 75-1
Number, ISO 527-1 ISO 527-1 Resistance,
C
Group Description Class Description Grade Description ISO 1183 and
ISO 307, and and ISO 179/
g/cm ISO 75-2,
min, mL/g ISO 527-2, ISO 527-2, 1eA, kJ/m ,
at 1.8 MPa,
MPa, min MPa, min min
°C, min
01 PA66 1 General- 1 135 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.3 60
purpose 2 165 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.3 60
3 210 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.3 60
4 270 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.3 60
5 recycled 115 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.3 60
6 recycled 135 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.3 60
G15 15 % glass . . . 1.20 to 1.26 100 4000 3.0 215
G20 20 % glass . . . 1.25 to 1.33 115 5000 4.0 220
G25 25 % glass . . . 1.29 to 1.37 140 6000 5.0 225
G35 35 % glass . . . 1.35 to 1.45 170 8000 7.0 235
G40 40 % glass . . . 1.42 to 1.52 175 9000 8.0 235
G45 45 % glass . . . 1.45 to 1.55 180 10 000 9.0 240
M40 40 % mineral . . . 1.45 to 1.55 80 5000 2.0 100
0 other
2 Heat- 1 135 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.0 60
stabilized 2 165 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.0 60
3 210 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.0 60
4 270 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.0 60
5 recycled 115 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.0 60
6 recycled 135 1.13 to 1.15 70 2300 3.0 60
G15 15 % glass . . . 1.20 to 1.26 100 4000 3.0 220
G25 25 % glass . . . 1.29 to 1.37 140 6000 5.0 225
G30 30 % glass . . . 1.32 to 1.42 160 7000 6.0 230
G35 35 % glass . . . 1.35 to 1.45 170 8000 7.0 235
G40 40 % glass . . . 1.43 to 1.53 175 9000 8.0 235
G45 45 % glass . . . 1.45 to 1.55 180 10 000 9.0 240
M40 40 % mineral . . . 1.45 to 1.55 80 5000 2.0 100
R20 20 % filler . . . 1.23 to 1.31 70 3200 1.5 . . .
R40 40 % filler . . . 1.43 to 1.53 100 5500 2.5 200
0 other
3 Nucleated 1 135 1.13 to 1.15 80 2500 2.8 60
2 165 1.13 to 1.15 80 2500 2.8 60
3 210 1.13 to 1.15 80 2500 2.8 60
4 270 1.13 to 1.15 80 2500 2.8 60
5 recycled 115 1.13 to 1.15 80 2500 2.8 60
6 recycled 135 1.13 to 1.15 80 2500 2.8 60
0 other
4 Nucleated, 1 Requirements the same as corresponding grades under Group 01, Class 3
heat- 2
stabilized 3
0 other
5 Impact- 1 . . . 1.06 to 1.12 52 1700 9.0 50
modified 2 recycled . . . 1.06 to 1.12 50 1600 8.0 50
G15 15 % glass . . . 1.15 to 1.23 85 3000 6.0 210
G35 35 % glass . . . 1.31 to 1.41 110 5500 6.0 225
0 other
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6779
A,B
...

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Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance, absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. The black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back of the specimen.4  
5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the temperature rise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that of a black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup due to the sun's energy.  
5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup of various colors or pigment systems, or both.  
5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup compared to black under certain defined severe conditions but does not predict actual application temperatures of the product. These will also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun, clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers prediction of the heat buildup in rigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient air temperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorption of the sun's energy.  
Note 1: This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.
Note 2: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this test method.  
1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembled windows and doors are covered in Specification D4726.  
1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered in Specification F964.  
1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in Specification D3679.  
1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in Specification D4477.  
1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building products compounds are covered in Specification D4216.  
1.7 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6112-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Data from creep and creep-rupture tests are necessary to predict the creep modulus and strength of materials under long-term loads and to predict dimensional changes that have the potential to occur as a result of such loads.  
5.2 Data from these test methods can be used to characterize plastic lumber: for comparison purposes, for the design of fabricated parts, to determine long-term performance under constant load, and under certain conditions, for specification purposes.  
5.3 For many products, it is possible that there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that product specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the creep and creep-rupture properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when loaded in compression or flexure under specified environmental conditions. Test specimens in the “as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, these are test methods for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not material property test methods.  
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogenous in the cross-section.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2565-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
4.2 Caution—Variations in results are possible when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.
Note 2: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.  
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.6,7 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is preferable that the number of specimens of the control material be the same as that used for test materials. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.  
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or other d...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5418-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:  
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,  
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures used to measure properties using what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization...

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ASTM
ASTM D6117-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The resistance of plastic lumber and shapes to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic lumber and shapes; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to plastic lumber and shapes or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of fiber axis; the occurrence and nature of prebored lead holes; and the temperatures during insertion and withdrawal. These factors will be as circumstances dictate, and representative of the normal manufacturing process.  
6.2 By using a standard size and type of nail, staple, or screw, withdrawal resistance of plastic lumber and shapes can be determined. Throughout the method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nail, staple, or screw can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular plastic lumber and shape, which eliminates the plastic lumber and shapes product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to, if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of fastener use with “as manufactured” plastic lumber and shapes through the use of two different testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test  
4 to 13  
Test Method B—Nail, Staple, or Screw Lateral Resistance Test  
14 to 22  
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, these test methods would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7211-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and Intended for General Use

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for finished parts machined from unplasticized polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) homopolymers containing regrind and recycled polymer intended for general commercial use. This specification does not cover parts machined from PCTFE copolymers, PCTFE films or tapes, or modified PCTFE containing pigments or plasticizers. Nor does it cover PCTFE parts used in aerospace applications involving storage and handling of oxygen media, air media, inert media, and certain reactive media (specifically ammonia, gaseous hydrogen, and liquid hydrogen), wherein dimensional stability, high molecular weight, molecular weight retention, and crystallinity control are important considerations. Materials shall be tested on and conform accordingly to the following properties: specific gravity; melting point; deformation under load; zero strength time (ZST); annealing performance; and dimensional stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to be a means of calling out finished machined parts ready for general use.  
1.2 This specification establishes requirements for parts machined from polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) semifinished parts.  
1.3 For aerospace grade, machined PCTFE parts, use Specification D7194.
Note 1: Quick-quenched PCTFE will potentially exhibit dimensional relaxation in the vicinity of Tg = 55°C (131°F).
Note 2: Although no recommendations are made regarding the limiting upper use temperature of PCTFE, the heat deflection temperature of PCTFE as determined by Test Method D648 is 126°C (259°F).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6779-23(Specification)
Standard Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for application from solution.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This classification system is similar to ISO 16396-1/-2,
although the technical content is significantly different.
Note 2: The materials covered by this classification system include a subset of polyamides defined as polyphthalamides (PPA) as in 3.2.1, some of which are also classified in ASTM D5336. Specifically, groups 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 in this standard are PPA materials. ASTM D5336 gives further details relating to groups 10, 12 and 13.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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