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ASTM E997-15(2021)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Glass specimens to be tested shall be mounted in a standard test frame with four sides supported, or in a test frame designed to represent specific glazing conditions.  
5.2 Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. Any design load (wind, snow, etc.) that can reasonably be applied to the test specimens or transformed into an equivalent uniform design load can be considered. Load transformation techniques are addressed in the literature (1, 2, 3).3  
5.3 The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (4). A thorough understanding of those strength variations is required to interpret results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This proof load test method is a procedure to determine, with a 90 % confidence level, if the probability of breakage under design loads for a given population of glass specimens is less than a selected value. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.  
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.  
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of recommended glazing practices.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2021
ICS
81.040.20 - Glass in building
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.52 - Glass Use in Buildings
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E997-15(2021) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load TestingASTM E997-15(2021) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing
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ASTM E997-15(2021) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E997 −15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence
1
of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thisproofloadtestmethodisaproceduretodetermine,
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
with a 90 % confidence level, if the probability of breakage
E1300PracticeforDeterminingLoadResistanceofGlassin
underdesignloadsforagivenpopulationofglassspecimensis
Buildings
less than a selected value. It is not intended to be a design
standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice
3. Terminology
E1300 shall be used for this purpose.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to
construction used in this test method refer to Terminology
select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine
E631.
the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may
3.2.1 coeffıcient of variation, v—ratio of the standard devia-
be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or
tion of the breakage load to the mean breakage load.
a test frame of the user’s design.
3.2.2 design load, n—the specified uniform load and load
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of
duration.
the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding
3.2.3 glass specimen, n—theglasstobetested,forexample,
of recommended glazing practices.
a single pane, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, etc.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
(does not include test frame).
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.4 glass specimen breakage, n—the fracture or cracking
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
of any glass component of a glass specimen.
and are not considered standard.
3.2.5 negative load, n—an outward-acting load that results
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in the indoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
side.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 positive load, n—an inward-acting load that results in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the outdoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
side.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
3.2.7 probability of breakage, n—theprobabilitythataglass
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
specimen will break when tested at a given load.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.8 proof load, n—a uniform load at which glass speci-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mens shall be tested.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.9 proof load factor, a, n—the constant which, when
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
multiplied by the design load, determines the proof load.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.10 specifying authority, n—professional(s) responsible
fordeterminingandfurnishinginformationrequiredtoperform
the test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.52 on Glass Use in
2
Buildings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E997–15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0997-15R21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E997−15 (2021)
4. Summary of Test Method 6.2.4 Pressure Measuring Apparatus, to record continuous
test chamber pressures within an accuracy of 62%.
4.1 This test method consists of indivi
...

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5.1 Use of this practice assumes:  
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4.3 Information is also provided on the other major components of the IG unit edge seal, compatibility of components, durability, and quality assurance (QA).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design and fabrication considerations for the edge seal of conventionally sealed insulating glass units, herein referred to as IG units. The IG units described are used in structural silicone sealant glazing systems, herein referred to as SSG systems. SSG systems typically are either two or four sided, glazed with a structural sealant. Other conditions such as one, three, five, six sided may be used.  
1.2 This guides does not cover the IG units of other than conventional edge seal design (Fig. 1); however, the information contained herein may be of benefit to the designers of such IG units.
FIG. 1 Sealed IG Edge Seal: Basic Components  
1.3 In an SSG system, IG units are retained to a metal framing system by a structural seal (Fig. 2). The size and shape of that seal, as well as numerous other SSG system design considerations, are not addressed in this guide.
FIG. 2 Typical A-Side SSG System Mullion: Horizontal Section (Vertical Joint)  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard guides published by other organizations.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2461-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Thickness of Glass in Airport Traffic Control Tower Cabs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard procedure facilitates determination of the thickness of a glass construction required to resist a specified design load with a selected probability of breakage.  
5.2 For optical purposes, ATCT cab glass typically utilize only annealed glass products. For this reason, some specifying authorities mandate its use and prohibit heat-strengthened and tempered glass in control cabs. This standard procedure therefore addresses the following glass constructions: annealed monolithic, annealed laminated, and insulating glass fabricated with annealed monolithic or annealed laminated glass, or both. In cases where the specifying authority approves the use of heat-strengthened or fully tempered glass in the control cab or in areas where optical characteristics do not apply but are deemed critical to the facility operation, the NFL values obtained from standard may be adjusted using appropriate Glass Type Factors (GTF) and procedures for their use as specified in Practice E1300.  
5.3 Use of these procedures assume:  
5.3.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properly glazed,  
5.3.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,  
5.3.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass that has been in service for several years and is significantly weaker than freshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposed surfaces,  
5.3.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff to limit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to less than 1/175 of their lengths. The specified design load shall be used for this calculation, and  
5.3.5 The center of glass deflection shall not result in loss of edge support. Typically maintaining center of glass deflection at or below the magnitude of three times the nominal glass thickness assures that no loss of edge support will occur.  
5.4 Many other factors affect the selection of glass type and thickness. These factors include but are not limited to: thermal stresses, the effects of win...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the thickness of glass installed in airport traffic control towers (ATCT) to resist a specified design loading with a selected probability of breakage less than or equal to either 1 lite per 1000 or 4 lites per 1000 at the first occurrence of the design wind loading.  
1.2 The procedures apply to common outward sloping cab glass designs for which the specified loads do not exceed 15 kPa (313 psf).  
1.3 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an aspect ratio no greater than 3.  
1.4 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an area no less than 1.86 m2 (20 ft2).  
1.5 The use of the procedures assumes the following:  
1.5.1 Monolithic and laminated glass installed in ATCTs shall have continuous lateral support along two parallel edges, along any three edges, or along all four edges;  
1.5.2 Insulating glass shall have continuous lateral support along all four edges; and  
1.5.3 Supported glass edges are simply supported and free to slip in plane.  
1.6 The procedures do not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or glass types with surface treatments that reduce the glass strength.  
1.7 The procedures do not apply to drilled, notched, or grooved glass.  
1.8 The procedures address the determination of thickness and construction type to resist a specified design wind load at a selected probability of breakage. The final glass thickness and construction determined also depends upon a variety of other factors (see 5.4).  
1.9 These procedures do not address blast loading on glass.  
1.10 These procedures do not apply to triple-glazed insulating glass units.  
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, assoc...

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  • Standard
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