ASTM D720/D720M-22

Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is a small-scale, empirical test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not recommended as a method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 73.040 - Coals
• Technical Committee: D05 - Coal and Coke
• Drafting Committee: D05.15 - Metallurgical Properties of Coal and Coke

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D720/D720M-23 - Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM E691-08 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E691-05 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Refers: ASTM E691-99 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D720/D720M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Free-Swelling Index of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D720/D720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method is a small-scale, empirical test for
D2013/D2013M Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for
obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of
Analysis
a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel.This test is not
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
recommended as a method for the determination of expansion
of coals in coke ovens.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking
units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give
stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
4. Apparatus
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined.
4.1 This test method can be performed using either electric
or gas heating. When using electric heating, the results ob-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tained must be the same as those obtained when using the gas
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heating method. The apparatus common to both electric and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gas methods shall consist of the following:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1.1 Crucible, translucent silica, low-form, with a flat,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
close-fitting silica ring-handle lid and an extra pierced lid for
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
use in determining the crucible temperature, conforming to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
following requirements:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Mass, g 11.0 to 12.75
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
External height, mm 26 ± 0.5
External diameter at top, mm 41 ± 0.75
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Internal diameter at base, min, mm 11
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3
Capacity (approximate), cm 17
4.1.2 Sight Tube, as shown in Fig. 1, for viewing the coke
buttons so that the effect of parallax will be eliminated. Make
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal the tube of any rigid and preferably opaque material and
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
support vertically on a ring stand. The sight tube shall be
Properties of Coal and Coke.
38 mm [1.5 in.] in diameter and 250 mm [10 in.] in length and
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
ε1
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D720/D720M – 15 . supportedontheringstandataheightof76 mm[3.0 in.]above
DOI: 10.1520/D0720_D0720M-22.
the base of the stand.
2
This test method is an adaptation of the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal of the
4.1.3 Thermocouple and Potentiometer.
British Standards Institution. For information concerning the experimental work on
which this adaptation is based, see paper by Ostborg, H. N., Limbacker, H. R., and
Sherman, R.A., “An Experimental Investigation of the British Standard Method for
3
the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal,” Proceedings,Am. Soc. Testing Mats., Vol 42, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1042, p. 851. See also a paper by Selvig, W.A., and Ode, W. H., “An Investigation contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of a Laboratory Test for Determination of the Free-Swelling Index of Coal,” U.S. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4238, Revision of R. I. 3989, 1948. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D720/D720M − 15 D720/D720M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Free-Swelling Index of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D720/D720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to the Appendix editorially in March 2015.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method is a small-scale small-scale, empirical test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties
of a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not
recommended as a method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.
1.2 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users
and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products,
minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to, Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos:
3
A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-poundnon-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall
be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013D2013/D2013M Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Properties
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2022. Published January 2015October 2022. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
ε1
D720 – 91 (2010).D720/D720M – 15 . DOI: 10.1520/D0720/D0720M-15E01.10.1520/D0720_D0720M-22.
2
This test method is an adaptation of the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal of the British Standards Institution. For information concerning the experimental work on which
this adaptation is based, see paper by Ostborg, H. N., Limbacker, H. R., and Sherman, R. A., “An Experimental Investigation of the British Standard Method for the Crucible
Swelling Test for Coal,” Proceedings, Am. Soc. Testing Mats., Vol 42, 1042, p. 851. See also a paper by Selvig, W. A., and Ode, W. H., “An Investigation of a Laboratory
Test for Determination of the Free-Swelling Index of Coal,” U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4238, Revision of R. I. 3989, 1948.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D720/D720M − 22
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad
indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
4. Apparatus
4.1 This test method can be made withperformed using either electric or gas heating. When using electric heating, the results
obtained must be the same as those obtained when usin
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D720/D720M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Free-Swelling Index of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D720/D720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method is a small-scale, empirical test for
obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of D2013/D2013M Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for
Analysis
a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
recommended as a method for the determination of expansion
of coals in coke ovens.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking
units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give
stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
4. Apparatus
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined.
4.1 This test method can be performed using either electric
or gas heating. When using electric heating, the results ob-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tained must be the same as those obtained when using the gas
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heating method. The apparatus common to both electric and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gas methods shall consist of the following:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1.1 Crucible, translucent silica, low-form, with a flat,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
close-fitting silica ring-handle lid and an extra pierced lid for
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
use in determining the crucible temperature, conforming to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
following requirements:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Mass, g 11.0 to 12.75
External height, mm 26 ± 0.5
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
External diameter at top, mm 41 ± 0.75
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Internal diameter at base, min, mm 11
3
Capacity (approximate), cm 17
4.1.2 Sight Tube, as shown in Fig. 1, for viewing the coke
1
buttons so that the effect of parallax will be eliminated. Make
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical the tube of any rigid and preferably opaque material and
Properties of Coal and Coke.
support vertically on a ring stand. The sight tube shall be
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
38 mm [1.5 in.] in diameter and 250 mm [10 in.] in length and
ε1
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D720/D720M – 15 .
supported on the ring stand at a height of 76 mm [3.0 in.] above
DOI: 10.1520/D0720_D0720M-22.
2
This test method is an adaptation of the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal of the
the base of the stand.
British Standards Institution. For information concerning the experimental work on
4.1.3 Thermocouple and Potentiometer.
which this adaptation is based, see paper by Ostborg, H. N., Limbacker, H. R., and
Sherman, R. A., “An Experimental Investigation of the British Standard Method for
3
the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal,” Proceedings, Am. Soc. Testing Mats., Vol 42, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1042, p. 851. See also a paper by Selvig, W. A., and Ode, W. H., “An Investigation contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of a Laboratory Test for Determination of the Free-Swelling Index of Coal,” U.S. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4238, Revision of R. I. 3989, 1948. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D720/D720M − 22
4.2.2 Cru
...