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ASTM C56-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile

Standard Specification for Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay non-load-bearing tile (partition, fireproofing, and furring). One grade of tile is covered, designated Grade NB.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing  and fired bond in Terminology C 43.)
1.4 Fireproofing tile intended for use in load-bearing masonry shall conform to Specification C 34.
1.5 If tile having a particular color (Note 1), texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.
Note 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it has been related to absorption by actual tests.
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
Drafting Committee
C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C56-96(2001) - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C56-05 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile
Effective Date
14-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM C56-04 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 56 – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 56;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall
Tile
1.1 This specification covers structural clay non-load-
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
bearing tile (partition, fireproofing, and furring). One grade of
C67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick and
tile is covered, designated Grade NB.
Structural Clay Tile
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile
3. Absorption
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
3.1 Structural clay non-load-bearing tile shall conform to
anceornon-conformancetothepropertyrequirements(Section
the following requirements for absorption:
3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
A
Absorption by 1-h Boiling, %
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from
Grade
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
Individual Maximum
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). NB 28
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
A
Therangeinpercentageabsorptionfortiledeliveredtoanyonejobshallbenot
bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
more than 12.
bond in TerminologyC43.)
1.4 Fireproofing tile intended for use in load-bearing ma-
4. Number of Cells and Weights
sonry shall conform to SpecificationC34.
4.1 Partition and split furring tile shall conform to the
1.5 If tile having a particular color (Note 1), texture, or
requirements prescribed in Table 1 for total number of cells,
finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately
number of cells in the direction of wall thickness, and dry
by the purchaser.
weights per square foot of tile.
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of
4.2 The requirements for minimum weights of structural
burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after
clay non-load-bearing tile shall be waived if the over-all
it has been related to absorption by actual tests.
thickness of the shells, measured between the inner and
5
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and extreme outer surfaces of scored tile, is not less than ⁄8 in.
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
(15.9 mm) and the mean shell thickness of unscored tile is not
1
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be less than ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm). Thickness of webs shall be not less
1
considered as requirements of this specification.
than ⁄2 in.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 No over-all dimension shall vary more than 3 % over or
under the specified dimension for any form or size of tile. See
Note 2.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
NOTE 2—Purchasers and designers should ascertain the type and size of
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tile, modular or non-modular, available in the locality under consideration
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
and should specify accordingly, stating the size and type represented by
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originally
the available tile.
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 56 – 96 (2001).
2 Modular sizes are designated by the specified nominal dimensions
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
which are equal to the actual manufactured dimensions plus the thickness
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
of one mortar joint, not to exceed ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) (see Section 6.) For
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. example, if the modular, specified, or nominal dimensions of a unit are 4
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C56–04
TABLE 1 Number of Cells and Weight of Tile
A 2 2
Minimum Number of Cells Minimum
...

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ASTM C34-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Structural Clay Loadbearing Wall Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tiles of the following grades: Grade LBX, suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering; and Grade LB, suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry. Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing), which must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements. Tiles shall adhere to water absorption, compressive strength, and dimensional (nominal thickness and mass) requirements specified for individual grades.
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1.1 This specification covers structural clay loadbearing wall tile.  
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232.)  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C67/C67M-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. The tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate or absorption, and determination of weight, size, warpage, length chanange, and void areas. For purposes of these tests, full-size bricks, tiles, or solid masonry units shall be used as test specimens. They shall be representative of the lot of units from which they are to be selected in respect of the range of colors, textures, and sizes and shall be free of or brushed to remove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturing process.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemical resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 These test methods include the following sections:    
Section Heading  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Sampling  
4  
Specimen Preparation  
5  
Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
7  
Absorption  
8  
Freezing and Thawing  
9  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test)  
10  
Efflorescence  
11  
Weight Per Unit Area  
12  
Measurement of Size  
13  
Measurement of Warpage  
14  
Measurement of Length Change  
15  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test)  
16  
Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units  
17  
Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units  
18  
Measurement of Out of Square  
19  
Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness  
20  
Breaking Load  
21  
Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes)  
22  
Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
23  
Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
24  
Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
25  
Precision and Bias  
26  
Keywords  
27  
Safety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment and Operation  
Appendix X1  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C530-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Screen Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for unglazed, structural clay nonloadbearing screen tile. This standard, however, does not cover the use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures. Specimens in this standard shall be manufactured from clay, shale or similar naturally occurring substances and shall undergo firing. Two types of tiles shall be covered in this specification: the type STX and type STA. Tiles shall adhere to physical properties such durability. All the tiles shall be reasonably free from laminations and other defects.
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Standard Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay nonloadbearing tile (partition, fireproofing, and furring). One grade of tile is covered, Grade NB. Structural clay non-load-bearing tile shall conform to the specified requirements for absorption. Tile intended for use in fireproofing structural members shall be of such sizes and shapes that they can be erected to cover completely the exposed surfaces of the members. All tile shall be reasonably free of laminations and of cracks, blisters, surface roughness, and other defects that would interfere with the proper setting of the tile or impair the strength or permanence of the construction.
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1.1 This specification covers structural clay nonloadbearing tile (partition, fireproofing, and furring). Tile intended for use in fireproofing structural members shall be of such sizes and shapes that they can be erected to completely cover the exposed surfaces of the members. Fireproofing tile intended for use in load-bearing masonry shall conform to Specification C34.  
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1.1 This specification covers structural clay loadbearing facing tile. Structural facing tile are tile designed for use in interior and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of buildings.  
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Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Brick Liners for Industrial Chimneys

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4.1 History:  
4.1.1 For many years, brick liners have been used with an excellent record of performance. For the most part, however, the design and construction of brick liners has been based on past industry practice due to the lack of available information and knowledge of the physical properties of the brick and mortar, the thermal and seismic behavior of brick liners, and many related characteristics that were not properly or accurately defined.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design, construction, and serviceability of brick liners for industrial chimneys. The structural design criteria are applicable to vertical masonry cantilever structures supported only at their base, either by a foundation, a concrete pedestal, or by some means from the outer concrete shell. Excluded from direct consideration are single-wythe, sectional brick linings that are supported on a series of corbels cast in the outer chimney shell.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C456-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydration of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.  
2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of the relative potential for hydration.  
2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it is used for specification purposes.  
2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate under actual conditions of storage or service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relative resistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C492-92(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The hydration of dead-burned dolomite grains is an important aspect of both manufacturing and using such grains. Moisture from any source will cause the grains to partially disintegrate, eventually making the dead-burned dolomite unfit for use. This test method may prove useful for determining, in a relative manner, which grains are more resistant to hydration than others.  
3.2 Data from one laboratory might help in establishing internal limits for determining whether a particular batch of grain is suitable for refractory production. However, this test method takes great care to run, and is not recommended as a quality control test. Possibly, a specification might be developed between two parties if sufficient care in establishing the bias between the laboratories is carried out.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C1223-19(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.  
4.2 The results may be considered as representative of the potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.  
4.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.  
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after cooling.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 7).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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