ASTM D5598-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—Deposits are prone to form on the metering surfaces of pintle-type electronic fuel injectors. These deposits reduce fuel flow through the metering orifices. Reductions in metered fuel flow result in an upset in the air-fuel ratio, which can affect emissions and driveability. When heavy enough, these deposits can lead to driveability symptoms such as hesitation, hard starting, loss of power, or a combination thereof, that are easily noticed by the average driver and lead to customer complaints. The mechanism of the formation of deposits is not completely understood. It is believed to be influenced by many factors, including driving cycle, engine design, port fuel injector design, and composition of fuel used. The procedure in this test method has been found to build deposits in injectors on a consistent basis. The deposits formed by this procedure are similar to the deposits experienced in the field in terms of composition and in amount of deposition. This procedure can be used to evaluate differences in unleaded base fuels and fuel additives.
5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory Action—Legislative and regulatory activity, primarily by the state of California6 and the Federal Government7 necessitate the acceptance of a standard test method to evaluate the port fuel injector deposit-forming tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
5.1.2 Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and design of the engine and vehicle used in this test method are not representative of all modern automobiles. These factors must be considered when interpreting test results.
5.2 Test Validity:
5.2.1 Procedural Compliance—The test results are not considered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with all requirements of this test method. Deviations from the parameter limits presented in Section 10 will result in a void test. Engineering judgment must be applied during conduct of the test method when assessing any anomalies ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure to evaluate the tendency of an unleaded spark-ignition engine fuel to foul electronic port fuel injectors (PFI).
1.2 The test method is applicable to unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels which may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, dyes, deposit control additives, and oxygenates.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given throughout this test method.
Note 1: If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D5598, contact ASTM Headquarters. Other properties of significance to spark-ignition engine fuel are described in Specification D4814.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5598 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
1
for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is based on a test procedure developed by the Coordinating Research Council
(CRC) and maintains as much commonality as possible with the original test. A similar test method
is described in the California Air Resource Board (CARB) report, “Test Method for Evaluating Port
Fuel Injector Deposits in Vehicle Engines.”
Driveability problems in PFI automobiles were first reported in 1984. These driveability problems
were caused by deposits in the tips of pintle-type fuel injectors. In response to this problem, the CRC
developed a program to evaluate a method of testing PFI deposit-forming tendencies in gasolines.
D235-h test cycle consisting of 15 min of operation at 88 kph (55 mph) followed by a 45 min soak
period was used for the program. This test cycle showed statistically significant differences in
deposit-forming tendencies of the test fuels on the vehicles’ fuel injectors. The results of the CRC
2 3
program are discussed in CRC Report No. 565, and SAE Paper 890213.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure to
Specificprecautionarystatementsaregiventhroughoutthistest
evaluatethetendencyofanunleadedspark-ignitionenginefuel
method.
to foul electronic port fuel injectors (PFI).
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method
1.2 The test method is applicable to unleaded spark-ignition
D5598, contact ASTM Headquarters. Other properties of significance to
engine fuels which may contain antioxidants, corrosion
spark-ignition engine fuel are described in Specification D4814.
inhibitors, metal deactivators, dyes, deposit control additives,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
and oxygenates.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tion only.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2. Referenced Documents
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends. D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
Fuels, and Lubricants
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D5598 – 18. DOI:
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
10.1520/D5598-19.
2 Fuel
CRC Report No. 565 “A Program to Evaluate a Vehicle Test Method for Port
Fuel Injector Deposit-Forming Tendencies of Unleaded Base Gasolines,” February
D5500 Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded
1989. Available from Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 5755 North Point
Parkway Suite 265 Alpharetta, GA 30022, www.crcao.org.
3
Tupa, Taniguchi, Benson, “A Vehicle Test Technique for Studying Port Fuel
4
Injector Deposits—A Coordinating Research Council Program,” Society of Auto- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
motiveEngineers(SAE)TechnicalPaperSeries:PaperNo.890213,1989,Available contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
from Society of Automotive Engineers International, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Warrendale, PA 15096. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5598 − 19
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve 4. Summary of Test Method
Deposit F
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5598 − 18 D5598 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
1
for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is based on a test procedure developed by the Coordinating Research Council
(CRC) and maintains as much commonality as possible with the original test. A similar test method
is described in the California Air Resource Board (CARB) report, “Test Method for Evaluating Port
Fuel Injector Deposits in Vehicle Engines.”
Driveability problems in PFI automobiles were first reported in 1984. These driveability problems
were caused by deposits in the tips of pintle-type fuel injectors. In response to this problem, the CRC
developed a program to evaluate a method of testing PFI deposit-forming tendencies in gasolines.
D235-h test cycle consisting of 15 min of operation at 88 kph (55 mph) followed by a 45 min soak
period was used for the program. This test cycle showed statistically significant differences in
deposit-forming tendencies of the test fuels on the vehicles’ fuel injectors. The results of the CRC
2 3
program are discussed in CRC Report No. 565, and SAE Paper 890213.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure to evaluate the tendency of an unleaded spark-ignition engine fuel to foul
electronic port fuel injectors (PFI).
1.2 The test method is applicable to unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels which may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors,
metal deactivators, dyes, deposit control additives, and oxygenates.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given throughout this test method.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D5598, contact ASTM Headquarters. Other properties of significance to
spark-ignition engine fuel are described in Specification D4814.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2018November 2019. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20122018
as D5598 – 01 (2012).D5598 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D5598-18.10.1520/D5598-19.
2
CRC Report No. 565 “A Program to Evaluate a Vehicle Test Method for Port Fuel Injector Deposit-Forming Tendencies of Unleaded Base Gasolines,” February 1989.
Available from Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 5755 North Point Parkway Suite 265 Alpharetta, GA 30022, www.crcao.org.
3
Tupa, Taniguchi, Benson, “A Vehicle Test Technique for Studying Port Fuel Injector Deposits—A Coordinating Research Council Program,” Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper Series: Paper No. 890213, 1989, Available from Society of Automotive Engineers International, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA
15096.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Uni
...
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