ASTM A48/A48M-22

Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings intended for general engineering use where tensile strength is a major consideration. Castings are classified on the basis of the tensile strength of the iron in separately cast test bars. The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears, as determined by visual examination. The test bars are designated into S, A, B, and C categories, according to the thickness of its controlling wall section. The casting shall be subjected to a tension test to determine its tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings intended for general engineering use where tensile strength is a major consideration. Castings are classified on the basis of the tensile strength of the iron in separately cast test bars.  
1.1.1 This specification subordinates chemical composition to tensile strength.  
1.2 Castings produced to this specification are graded on the basis of minimum tensile strength obtained in special test coupons designed to standardize cooling rate. The tensile strength developed in certain casting sections may vary from test coupon values (see X1.2).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A48/A48M −22
Standard Specification for
1
Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A48/A48M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
This specification replaces Federal Specification QQ-I-652.
3
1. Scope 2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings intended for
3
2.3 Federal Standard:
general engineering use where tensile strength is a major
Federal Standard No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil
consideration. Castings are classified on the basis of the tensile
Agencies)
strength of the iron in separately cast test bars.
1.1.1 This specification subordinates chemical composition
3. Terminology
to tensile strength.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 Castings produced to this specification are graded on the
3.1.1 Definitions for many terms common to gray iron
basis of minimum tensile strength obtained in special test
castings are found in Terminology A644.
coupons designed to standardize cooling rate. The tensile
strength developed in certain casting sections may vary from
4. Classification
test coupon values (see X1.2).
4.1 Castings ordered and produced in accordance with this
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
specificationareclassifiedintoanumberofgradesbasedonthe
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
properties of separately cast test bars (Tables 1 and 2). Each
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
class is designated by a number followed by a letter. The
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining number indicates the minimum tensile strength of the sepa-
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
rately cast test bar, and the letter indicates the size of the test
with the standard. bar. Examples of proper designations are as follows:
4.1.1 Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A48, Class
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
30B.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1.2 Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A48, Class
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
40C.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Ordering Information
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
following information:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.2 Class of iron required (see 4.1 and Tables 1 and 2),
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
classification—A, B, C, or S) that best represents the thickness
terials
of the controlling section of the casting (see Table 3),
5.1.4 The tension test specimen (B or C) to be machined
from test bar C (see 13.3, Table 4, and Fig. 1),
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
5.1.5 The tension test specimen to be machined from test
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
bar S (see 13.4, Table 4, and Fig. 1),
Iron Castings.
5.1.6 Lot size (see Section 10),
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
5.1.7 Special requirements (see Section 6),
approved in 1905. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as A48/
A48M – 03 (2021). DOI: 10.1520/A0048_A0048M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A48/A48M−22
TABLE 1 Requirements for Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons in TABLE 2 Requirements for Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons in
Separately Cast Test Bars (Inch-Pound) Separately Cast Test Bars (Metric)
Tensile Strength, Nominal Test Bar Tensile Strength, Nominal Tes
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A48/A48M − 03 (Reapproved 2021) A48/A48M − 22
Standard Specification for
1
Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A48/A48M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
This specification replaces Federal Specification QQ-I-652.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings intended for general engineering use where tensile strength is a major
consideration. Castings are classified on the basis of the tensile strength of the iron in separately cast test bars.
1.1.1 This specification subordinates chemical composition to tensile strength.
1.2 Castings produced to this specification are graded on the basis of minimum tensile strength obtained in special test coupons
designed to standardize cooling rate. The tensile strength developed in certain casting sections may vary from test coupon values
(see X1.2).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3
2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3
2.3 Federal Standard:
Federal Standard No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White Iron
Castings.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021May 1, 2022. Published September 2021May 2022. Originally approved in 1905. Last previous edition approved in 20162021 as
A48/A48M – 03 (2016).(2021). DOI: 10.1520/A0048_A0048M-03R21.10.1520/A0048_A0048M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A48/A48M − 22
3.1.1 Definitions for many terms common to gray iron castings are found in Terminology A644.
4. Classification
4.1 Castings ordered and produced in accordance with this specification are classified into a number of grades based on the
properties of separately cast test bars (Tables 1 and 2). Each class is designated by a number followed by a letter. The number
indicates the minimum tensile strength of the separately cast test bar, and the letter indicates the size of the test bar. Examples of
proper designations are as follows:
Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A48, Class 30B.
4.1.1 Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A48, Class 30B.
Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A48, Class 40C.
4.1.2 Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A48, Class 40C.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information:
TABLE 1 Requirements for Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons in
Separately Cast Test Bars (Inch-Pound)
Tensile Strength, Nominal Test Bar
Class
min, ksi Diameter, in.
No. 20 A 20 0.8
No. 20 B 1.2
No. 20 C 2.0
A
No. 20 S Bars S
No. 25 A 25 0.88
No. 25 B 1.2
No. 25 C 2.0
A
No. 25 S Bars S
No. 30 A 30 0.88
No. 30 B 1.2
No. 30 C 2.0
A
No. 30 S Bars S
No. 35 A 35 0.88
No. 35 B 1.2
No. 35 C 2.0
A
No. 35 S Bars S
No. 40 A 40 0.88
No. 40 B 1.2
No. 40 C 2.0
A
No. 40 S Bars S
No. 45 A 45 0.88
...