ASTM D3080/D3080M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions (Withdrawn 2020)
Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions (Withdrawn 2020)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the consolidated drained shear strength of a soil material in direct shear. The test is performed by deforming a specimen at a controlled strain rate on or near a single shear plane determined by the configuration of the apparatus. Generally, three or more specimens are tested, each under a different normal load, to determine the effects upon shear resistance and displacement, and strength properties such as Mohr strength envelopes.
1.2 Shear stresses and displacements are nonuniformly distributed within the specimen. An appropriate height cannot be defined for calculation of shear strains. Therefore, stress-strain relationships or any associated quantity such as modulus, cannot be determined from this test.
1.3 The determination of strength envelopes and the development of criteria to interpret and evaluate test results are left to the engineer or office requesting the test.
1.4 The results of the test may be affected by the presence of soil or rock particles, or both, (see Section 7).
1.5 Test conditions including normal stress and moisture environment are selected which represent the field conditions being investigated. The rate of shearing should be slow enough to ensure drained conditions.
1.6 There may be instances when the gap between the plates should be increased to accommodate sand sizes greater than the specified gap. Presently there is insufficient information available for specifying gap dimension based on particle size distribution.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within this test method the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other.
1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.8.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3080/D3080M − 11
Standard Test Method for
Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained
1
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3080/D3080M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
SI units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the con-
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
solidated drained shear strength of one specimen of a soil
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
materialunderdirectshearboundaryconditions.Thespecimen
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
is deformed at a controlled rate on or near a single shear plane
result in non-conformance with the standard.
determined by the configuration of the apparatus.
1.8.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used.
1.2 Shear stresses and displacements are nonuniformly dis-
In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force
tributed within the specimen.An appropriate height cannot be
(weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not
defined for calculation of shear strains. Therefore, stress-strain
given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
relationships or any associated quantity such as the shear
1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
modulus, cannot be determined from this test.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.3 The determination of strength envelopes and the devel-
Practice D6026.
opment of criteria to interpret and evaluate test results are left
1.9.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
to the engineer or office requesting the test.
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
1.4 Theresultsofthetestmaybeaffectedbythepresenceof
coarse-grained soil or rock particles, or both, (see Section 7). uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
standard is beyond its scope.
1.5 Test conditions, including normal stress and moisture
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
environment, should be selected to represent the field condi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions being investigated. The rate of shearing must be slow
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
enough to ensure drained conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.6 Generally, three or more tests are performed on speci-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mensfromonesoilsample,eachunderadifferentnormalload,
to determine the effects upon shear resistance and displace-
2. Referenced Documents
ment. Results from a test series are combined to determine
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength properties such as Mohr strength envelopes. Interpre-
D422Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
tation of multiple tests requires engineering judgment and is
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
beyondthescopeofthistestmethod.Thistestmethodpertains
Fluids
to the requirements for a single test.
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.7 There may be instances when the gap between the shear
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
box halves should be increased to accommodate sand sized
3
kN-m/m ))
particles greater than the specified gap. Presently there is
D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
insufficientinformationavailableforspecifyingthegapdimen-
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
sion based on particle size distribution.
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
2
Compressibility of Soils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3080–04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3080_D3080M-11. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3080/D3080
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3080–04 Designation: D3080/D3080M – 11
Standard Test Method for
Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained
1
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3080/D3080M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers the determination of the consolidated drained shear strength of a soil material in direct shear. The
testisperformedbydeformingaspecimenatacontrolledstrainrateonornearasingleshearplanedeterminedbytheconfiguration
of the apparatus. Generally, three or more specimens are tested, each under a different normal load, to determine the effects upon
shear resistance and displacement, and strength properties such as Mohr strength envelopes.
1.2Shear stresses and displacements are nonuniformly distributed within the specimen.An appropriate height cannot be defined
for calculation of shear strains. Therefore, stress-strain relationships or any associated quantity such as modulus, cannot be
determined from this test.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheconsolidateddrainedshearstrengthofonespecimenofasoilmaterialunder
direct shear boundary conditions.The specimen is deformed at a controlled rate on or near a single shear plane determined by the
configuration of the apparatus.
1.2 Shearstressesanddisplacementsarenonuniformlydistributedwithinthespecimen.Anappropriateheightcannotbedefined
for calculation of shear strains. Therefore, stress-strain relationships or any associated quantity such as the shear modulus, cannot
be determined from this test.
1.3 The determination of strength envelopes and the development of criteria to interpret and evaluate test results are left to the
engineer or office requesting the test.
1.4 The results of the test may be affected by the presence of coarse-grained soil or rock particles, or both, (see Section 7).
1.5Test conditions including normal stress and moisture environment are selected which represent the field conditions being
investigated. The rate of shearing should be slow enough to ensure drained conditions.
1.6There may be instances when the gap between the plates should be increased to accommodate sand sizes greater than the
specified gap. Presently there is insufficient information available for specifying gap dimension based on particle size distribution.
1.7The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within this test method the SI units are shown in
brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each
other.
1.8All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
1.5 Testconditions,includingnormalstressandmoistureenvironment,shouldbeselectedtorepresentthefieldconditionsbeing
investigated. The rate of shearing must be slow enough to ensure drained conditions.
1.6 Generally, three or more tests are performed on specimens from one soil sample, each under a different normal load, to
determine the effects upon shear resistance and displacement. Results from a test series are combined to determine strength
propertiessuchasMohrstrengthenvelopes.Interpretationofmultipletestsrequiresengineeringjudgmentandisbeyondthescope
of this test method. This test method pertains to the requirements for a single test.
1.7 Theremaybeinstanceswhenthegapbetweentheshearboxhalvesshouldbeincreasedtoaccommodatesandsizedparticles
greater than the specified gap. Presently there is insufficient information available for specifying the gap dimension based on
particle size distribution.
1.8 Units—Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundunitsorSIunits[giveninbrackets]aretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight),
while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Sub
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