ASTM F493-97
(Specification)Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings.
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are recommended for use with CPVC 41 chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which meet Class 23447 as defined in Specification D1784.
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 493 – 97
Standard Specification for
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Compounds
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated
D 2846/D 2846M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl
poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribu-
joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and
tion Systems
socket-type fittings.
F 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are used with CPVC 41 chlori-
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe
nated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which
and Fittings
meet Class 23447 as defined in Specification D 1784.
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and
F 439 Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(Vi-
fittings is given in Appendix X1.
nyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,
2.2 NSF Standards:
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall
Materials
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Components—Health Effects
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
3. Terminology
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
3.1 Definitions—The definitions in this specification are in
test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This
accordance with Terminology F 412.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4. General Requirements
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
4.1 The solvent cement shall be a solution of the base CPVC
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
resin used to make Class 23447, chlorinated poly(vinyl chlo-
tions prior to use.
ride) molding or extrusion compound as defined in Specifica-
2. Referenced Documents tion D 1784.
4.2 When rework material is used, the manufacturer shall
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 use only his own clean rework material that is compatible with
D 1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
virgin material and produces a cement that meets the require-
D 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
ments of this specification.
Under Constant Internal Pressure
4.3 The cement shall be free-flowing and shall not contain
D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres-
lumps, undissolved resin, or any foreign matter that will
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
adversely affect the ultimate joint strength or chemical resis-
D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
tance of the cement.
4.4 The cement shall show no gelation or stratification that
cannot be removed by stirring.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
Current edition approved May 10, 1997. Published November 1997. Originally
published as F 493 – 77. Last previous edition F 493 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. Available from the National Sanitation Foundation, P.O. Box 1468, Ann Arbor,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. MI 48106.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 493–97
TABLE 2 Minimum Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure
4.5 When inert fillers and colorants are added, the resulting
Requirements for Nominal 1 2 in. CPVC Solvent-Cemented
/
cement shall meet all requirements of this specification.
Joints Tested in Water or Air External Environment at 82 6 2°C
(180 6 3.6°F)
NOTE 1—It is recommended that CPVC solvent cement be orange in
color to facilitate identification and minimize unintentional use of other
Test Hydrostatic Test Pressure, MPa (psi)
Test Duration
cements that may fail at elevated service temperatures.
Condition Water Bath Air Bath
A 6 min 3.59 3.80
4.6 The particular solvent system to be used in the formu-
(521) (551)
B 4 h 2.51 2.78
lation of this solvent cement is not specified, since it is
(364) (403)
recognized that a number of adequate solvent systems for
CPVC exist. Solvent systems consisting of blends of tetrahy-
drofuran and cyclohexanone have been found to make cements
that meet the requirements of this specification.
the nearest 1 mg into a tared ointment tin with cover. Place the
tin into the vacuum oven (Note 4), and heat at 120°C for 45 to
5. Detail Requirements
60 min. Discard specimens left in for more than 60 min. The
5.1 Resin Content—The CPVC resin content shall be 10 %
vacuum must be continually in operation to draw off flammable
minimum when tested in accordance with 6.1.
solvents and shall be maintained below 15 mm Hg pressure.
5.2 Dissolution—The cement shall be capable of dissolving
Remove the tin from the oven and cap immediately. Place in a
an additional 3 % by weight of CPVC 41 compound (either
desiccator until cooled to room temperature. Weigh the tin and
powder or granular) or equivalent CPVC resin at 23 6 2°C (73
dried sample to the nearest 1 mg.
6 3.6°F) without evidence of gelation.
5.3 Viscosity—Cements are classified as regular-, medium-, NOTE 3—This material is usually nonhomogeneous and shall be thor-
oughly stirred before weighing. The weighing shall also be accomplished
or heavy-bodied types, based on their minimum viscosity when
quickly to avoid loss of solvent by evaporation.
tested in accordance with 6.2.
NOTE 4—The use of a vacuum oven is mandatory for drying the
5.3.1 Regular-bodied cements shall have a minimum vis-
specimen, because this oven has neither an exposed heating surface nor an
cosity of 90 MPa·s (90 cP).
open flame, thus avoiding the danger of flashing. The oven also provides
5.3.2 Medium-bodied cements shall have a minimum vis-
an open vacuum to exhaust solvent fumes.
cosity of 500 MPa·s (500 cP).
6.1.3 Inert Filler Determination—Dissolve most of the
5.3.3 Heavy-bodied cements shall have a minimum viscos-
dried sample by adding 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) to the
ity of 1600 MPa·s (1600 cP).
sample in the ointment tin and stirring with a glass rod for 15
NOTE 2—Refer to Appendix X2 for guidelines in selecting CPVC
min. Collect the liquid decanted from this step, plus the liquid
solvent cements for joining different pipe sizes.
from the next two steps. Dissolve the remainder with a second
addition of 15 mL of THF, followed by a third addition of 5 mL
5.4 Shelf Stability—The cement, in the container in which it
of THF to rinse the ointment tin. Centrifuge the entire volume
is supplied, shall show no gelation or stratification that cannot
at 20 000 rpm for 15 min. Discard the supernatant liquid. Add
be removed by stirring after aging 30 days at 49°C (120°F).
15 mL of THF to the tube, mix thoroughly, and transfer the
5.5 Hydrostatic Burst Strength—Joints made using 2-in.
tube contents to the ointment tin. Use 2 mL more of THF to
CPVC piping and this cement shall meet the requirements of
wash down the tube, and pour into the ointment tin. Evaporate
Table 1 when tested in accordance with 6.3.
off the THF in the vacuum oven at 120°C for 45 min. Cool in
5.6 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Strength—Joints made
desiccator, weigh the tin to the nearest 1 mg, and determine the
using ⁄2-in. CPVC tubing and this cement shall meet the
weight of inert filler present in the cement.
requirements of Table 2 when tested in accordance with 6.4.
6.1.4 Calculation—Calculate the percentage of CPVC resin
6. Test Methods
as follows:
6.1 Solid Contents: Resin,% 5 ~ B 2 A 2 D!/~C 2 A! 3 100
6.1.1 Apparatus:
where:
6.1.1.1 Ointment Tins, Style No. 12, 30-mL (1-oz), all
metal,
A = weight of ointment tin,
6.1.1.2 Analytical Balance,
B = weight of tin and specimen after drying,
6.1.1.3 Vacuum Oven,
C = weight of tin and specimen before drying, and
6.1.1.4 Desiccator, and
D = weight of inert filler, if present.
6.1.1.5 Centrifuge.
NOTE 5—Other methods for determination of resin and inert filler
6.1.2 Procedure—Stir the sample thoroughly with a spatula
content may be used provided that the results of the alternative method are
before weighing (Note 3). Weigh 3.0 6 0.5 g of the sample to
as accurate and consistent as the above method.
TABLE 1 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Strength Requirements for
6.2 Viscosity:
Nominal 2 in. CPVC Solvent-Cemented Joints After 2 h Drying at
6.2.1 Measure the viscosity in accordance with Method B of
Test Temperature
Test Methods D 1084, except that conditioning to temperature
Temperature, °C (°F) Burst Pressure, MPa (psi)
equilibrium only is required. For qualification purposes, use a
23 (73) 2.76 (400)
Model RVF viscometer, a speed of 10 r/min, and the spindle
82 (180) 1.38 (200)
that, by trial, gives the closest reading to center range of scale
F 493–97
for the cement being tested. Other speeds may be used for for 30 6 5 min if using a water bath or 120 6 5 min if using
quality control purposes. an air bath, then test immediately.
6.3 Hydrostatic Burst Strength:
6.4.7 Attach to pressure source and place on test at 82°C
6.3.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D 1599, except
(180°F) and the proper hydrostatic pressure 670 kPa (610 psi)
as herein specified.
as specified in Table 2. Increase the internal pressure at a
6.3.2 Prepare a test assembly containing at least six nominal
constant rate to reach the test pressure in 15 to 20 s.
2-in. solvent-cemented joints using CPVC 41 SDR 11 pipe and
6.4.8 Leakage or separation at any of the joints tested at less
fittings meeting the requirements of Specification D 2846. Cut
than the test duration time specified in Table 2 for both test
the pipe into suitable lengths. The socket depth of the fittings
conditions A and B shall constitute failure in this test.
1 9
shall be 1 ⁄2 to 1 ⁄16 in. (Schedule 80 in accordance with
Specification F 439).
7. Retest and Rejection
6.3.3 The dimensions of the pipe and fitting socket shall be
7.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements
such that the pipe will enter the socket from one third to two
of this specification, the test(s) shall be conducted again only
thirds of the full socket depth dry when assembled by hand.
by agreement between the purchaser and the seller. Under such
6.3.4 Cement the joints in accordance with the recom-
agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered, nor
mended solvent cementing procedure given in Appendix X1
tests omitted, substituted, changed, or modified, nor shall
except for X1.7.
specification limits be changed. If upon retest, failure occurs,
6.3.5 Attach suitable end closures and fill the test assembly
the quantity of product represented by the test(s) does not meet
with water, purging all air, and condition in water or air at the
the requirements of this specification.
test temperature for 120 6 5 min, then test immediately.
6.3.6 Increase the internal pressure at a constant rate so as to
8. Report
reach the minimum burst requirement in 60 to 70 s.
8.1 Report the following information:
6.3.7 Leakage or separation at any of the joints tested at less
than the minimum hydrostatic burst strength requirements 8.1.1 Name of cement manufacturer,
specified in Table 1 shall constitute failure in this test.
8.1.2 Lot number or sample identification,
6.4 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Strength:
8.1.3 Resin content, %,
6.4.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D 1598, except
8.1.4 Dissolution, pass or fail,
as herein specified.
8.1.5 Viscosity,
6.4.2 Prepare a test assembly containing six nominal ⁄2-in.
8.1.6 Shelf stability, pass or fail,
solvent-cemented joints using CPVC 41 SDR 11 tubing and
8.1.7 Hydrostatic burst strength, and
fittings meeting the requirements of Specification D 2846. Cut
8.1.8 Hydrostatic sustained pressure strength, test duration
the tubing into 6-in. lengths and use two couplings and two
time.
1 9
male adapters. The socket depth of the fittings shall be ⁄2 to ⁄16
in.
9. Certification
6.4.3 The dimensions of the tubing and fitting socket shall
9.1 When specified in the purchase order, the manufacturer
be such that the tubing will enter the socket from one third to
shall certify to the purchaser or to his nominee that the products
two thirds of the full socket depth dry when assembled by
in the specified lots meet all the requirements of this specifi-
hand.
cation and when requested shall include a copy of the manu-
6.4.4 Cement the joints in accordance with the recom-
facturer’s routine quality control tests to document that the
mended solvent cementing procedure given in Appendix X1,
specification requirements have been met. Each certification so
except in X1.4, do not apply cleaner or primer and do not sand.
furnished shall be signed by an authorized agent of the
Ignore X1.7.
manufacturer.
NOTE 6—The purpose of the test method is to evaluate the performance
of the CPVC cement alone, and therefore applying cleaner or primer or
10. Container Labeling and Marking
sanding, in accordance with X1.4, is not required for this purpose.
10.1 Container labeling of CPVC solvent cement shall
6.4.5 Dry the solvent-cemented joints in air at 23 6 2°C
include the following:
(73.4 6 3.6°F) for 14 days 6 2 h. Then dry the cemented joints
10.1.1 Manufacturer’s or seller’s name and address and
at 82 6 2°C (180 6 3.6°F) for the drying times specified in
tradename or trademark, or both.
Table 3. Begin the conditioning step in accordance with 6.4.6
within 30 min. 10.1.2 This designation: “ASTM F 493.”
6.4.6 Attach suitable end closures and fill the test assembly 10.1.3 Function of material (Cement for CPVC Pipe).
with water, purging all air, and condition at the test temperature
10.1.4 Cement type according to viscosity as shown in
detail requirement of 5.3.
TABLE 3 Drying Times for CPVC Solvent Cemented Joints in 10.1.5 Pipe sizes, SDR’
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