ASTM F477-14(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
ABSTRACT
This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal. Tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression set, accelerated aging, water immersion, ozone resistance, and force decay shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal.
1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubber gaskets, or a combination of both.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F477 −14 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF477;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.1 This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets)
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity,
D518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to
Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)
push-onjointswhichrequirenointernalorexternalpressureto
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
effect the initial seal.
Oven
1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubber
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
gaskets, or a combination of both.
D1149TestMethodsforRubberDeterioration—Crackingin
an Ozone Controlled Environment
1.3 Thetextofthisspecificationreferencesnotes,footnotes,
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These D1229Test Method for Rubber Property—Compression Set
at Low Temperatures
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
not be considered as requirements of the specification. D1349Practice for Rubber—Standard Conditions for Test-
ing
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D1414Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D1415Test Method for Rubber Property—International
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Hardness
and are not considered standard.
D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
ness
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
F913Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
2.2 NSF Standards:
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
Standard No. 14for Plastic Piping Components and Related
regulatory limitations prior to use. 4
Materials
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Standard No. 61for Drinking Water Systems Components-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4
Health Effects
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions—Terms relating to rubber or elastomer shall
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
beasdefinedinTerminologyD1566.Termsrelatingtoplastics
shall be as defined in Terminology D883.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 sealing portion of the gasket—any part of the elasto-
D395Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
meric material that is in deformation which provides seals
between the bell and spigot of adjoining sections of pipe.
4. Composition and Manufacture
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
4.1 All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a
Current edition approved June 15, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally
mannerthatanycrosssectionwillbedense,homogeneous,and
published as approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
F477–14. DOI: 10.1520/F0477-14R21.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
the ASTM website. Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F477 − 14 (2021)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Elastomeric Seals for
free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other defects that make
Plastic Pipe
them unfit for the use intended. The gasket shall be fabricated
Low-Head High-Head
from a high-grade elastomer material. The basic polymer shall
Application Application
be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, a blend of both, or a
Tests (Below (150 kPa or
thermoplastic elastomer, meeting the requirements prescribed
150 kPa or 50 ft Head
50 ft Head) and Above)
in Sections 5 and 6.
4.2 Where a splice is used in the manufacture of the gasket,
Original Properties:
A
Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 1200 (8.3) 2000 (13.8)
thestrengthshallbesuchthatthegasketshallwithstand100%
Elongation, min, % 325 400
elongationoverthepartofthegasketwhichincludesthesplice
Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 60 40 to 60
with no visible separation of the splice. While in a stretched
Low-temperature hardness, Type A duro- 15 15
meter, max increase, points
position the gasket shall be rotated in the spliced area a
Compression set, max % 25 20
minimum of 180° in each direction in order to inspect for
Ozone resistance no cracks no cracks
separation. In addition, any portion of the splice shall be
Accelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):
Decrease in tensile strength, max % of 15 15
capable of passing a bend test without visible separation. The
orignal
bendtestforcirculargasketsisdefinedaswrappingtheportion
Decrease in elongation, max % of original 20 20
of the unstretched gasket containing the splice a minimum of
Hardness, Type A durometer, max increase, 88
points
180° and a maximum of 270° around a rod of a diameter equal
After Water Immersion:
to the cross section diameter of the gasket.
Change in volume max % 5 5
A
For EPDM and nitrile seals, tensile strength min. psi (MPa) is 1500 (10.3).
5. Dimensions and Tolerances
5.1 Wheninitsfinalassembledposition,thegasketshallnot
be stretched more than 30% of its original circumference. TABLE 2 Physical Requirements for Thermoplastic Elastomeric
Seals for Plastic Pipe
NOTE 1—Excessive stretch may have deleterious effect on rubber
Low-Head High-Head
gaskets, the minimum stretch compatible with the proper performance of
Application Application
the gasket should be used at all times.
(Below (150 kPa or
150 kPa or 50 ft Head
5.2 The gaskets shall conform to the dimensions specified
50 ft Head) and Above)
by the manufacturer of the pipe or fittings, with which the
gaskets are to be used, with a Rubber Manufacturers’Associa- Original Properties:
Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 435 (3.0) 500 (3.5)
tion Class 3 tolerance on all cross section dimensions, and
100 % modulus, min, psi (MPa) 200 (1.4) 280 (1.9)
61% on all diametrical dimensions, unless otherwise agreed
Elongation, min, % 350 350
upon by the pipe or fitting manufacturer and the purchaser.
Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 70 40 to 70
Low-temperature hardness, Type A 10 10
5.3 For molded gaskets or gasket material, the permissible
durometer, max increase, points
Compression set, max % 25 20
flash shall be a maximum of +0.032 in. (0.80 mm). Maximum
Ozone resistance no cracks no cracks
mold mismatch shall not exceed 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
Accelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):
Decrease in tensile strength, max % of 15 15
original
6. Physical Requirements
Decrease in elongation, max % of original 15 15
6.1 Standard Gasket requirements—The sealing portion of
Hardness, Type A durometer, max change, 55
points
the gaskets shall comply with the physical requirements listed
After Water Immersion:
in Table 1 for thermoset elastomers or Table 2 for thermoplas-
Change in volume max % 4 4
tic elastomers, when tested in accordance with the methods in
Force Decay 40 50
Remaining stress, min,%
Section 7.
6.1.1 Oil resistant gaskets requirements—The sealing por-
tion of the gaskets shall not contain less than 50% by volume
oil resistant polymer and shall meet the physical requirements
listed in Table 3, when tested in accordance with the methods
thermoplastic elastomers. Gaskets are required to have the
in Section
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