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ASTM D7795-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration

Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures acidity in ethanol or ethanol blends quantitatively. Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents as well as contaminants from manufacturing that can affect the acidity of finished ethanol fuel. Very dilute aqueous solutions of low molecular mass organic acids, such as acetic acid, are highly corrosive to many metals. It is important to keep such acids at a very low level.  
5.2 Acceptable levels of acidity in Ethanol or Ethanol blends can vary with different specifications but in general it is below 200 mg/kg (ppm). Knowledge of the acidity can be required to establish whether the product quality meets specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidity as acetic acid (see Specification D4806) in commonly available grades of denatured ethanol, and ethanol blends with gasoline ranging from E95 to E30. This test method is used for determining low levels of acidity, below 200 mg/kg (ppm mass), with the exclusion of carbon dioxide.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by potentiometric titration. This is the referee method.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by color end point titration.  
1.2 The ethanol and ethanol blends may be analyzed directly by this test method without any sample preparation.  
1.3 Review the current and appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipments.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2012
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM E3334-22 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1613-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4806-21a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM E3237-19 - Standard Specification for Undenatured Ethanol from Biomass for Use in Industrial Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5798-21 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012

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ASTM D7795-12 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by TitrationASTM D7795-12 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
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ASTM D7795-12 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7795 − 12
StandardTest Method for
1
Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidity as
Engine Fuel
acetic acid (see Specification D4806) in commonly available
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
grades of denatured ethanol, and ethanol blends with gasoline
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
ranging from E95 to E30. This test method is used for
Lubricants
determining low levels of acidity, below 200 mg/kg (ppm
E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
mass), with the exclusion of carbon dioxide.
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
1.1.1 Test Method A—Developed specifically for measure-
ment of acidity by potentiometric titration. This is the referee
3. Terminology
method.
3.1 Definitions:
1.1.2 Test Method B—Developed specifically for measure-
3.1.1 acidity, n—the quality, state, or degree of being acid.
ment of acidity by color end point titration.
D4175
1.2 The ethanol and ethanol blends may be analyzed di-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The amount of acid titrated with a base
rectly by this test method without any sample preparation.
(NaOH or KOH) in a sample of ethanol or ethanol blend with
1.3 ReviewthecurrentandappropriateMaterialSafetyData
gasoline, calculated as acetic acid in mg/kg (ppm mass).
Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity,
3.2 Abbreviations:
firstaidprocedures,andsafetyprecautionsandproperpersonal
3.2.1 KHC H O —KHP-Potassium Acid Phthalate
8 4 4
protective equipments.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 Samples are purged with nitrogen prior to and during
standard.
titrationfortheeliminationofcarbondioxideandthenaknown
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
amount of ethanol or ethanol blend sample is analyzed poten-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tiometrically either using a monotonic or dynamic end point
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
titrant addition, as specified in Test MethodA, or by color end
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
point titration, as specified in Test Method B, using a base
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific
(NaOH) solution. Acid content is calculated as milligrams of
hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.
acetic acid per kilogram of sample.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method measures acidity in ethanol or ethanol
D770 Specification for Isopropyl Alcohol
blends quantitatively. Denatured fuel ethanol may contain
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
additives such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents as well as
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
contaminants from manufacturing that can affect the acidity of
Products, and Lubricants
finished ethanol fuel. Very dilute aqueous solutions of low
molecular mass organic acids, such as acetic acid, are highly
1
corrosive to many metals. It is important to keep such acids at
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
a very low level.
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
5.2 Acceptable levels of acidity in Ethanol or Ethanol
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published February 2013. DOI: 10.1520/
D7795-12.
blends can vary with different specifications but in general it is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
below 200 mg/kg (ppm). Knowledge of the acidity can be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
required to establish whether the product quality meets speci-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. fication.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7795 − 12
6. Interferences sufficient to allow for mixing and a stable electrode response.
Wait at least 10 s between additions.
6.1 Basic solutions will absorb carbon dioxide fr
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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