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ASTM E3171-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS Analysis

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Silver may be used to treat consumer textile products to provide enhanced antimicrobial (fungi, bacteria, viruses) properties (3, 4). At any point in a textile product’s lifecycle, there may be a need to measure the amount of silver present. This standard prescribes a test method based on ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis that manufacturers, producers, analysts, policymakers, regulators, and others may use for measurement of total silver in textiles. As described in Guide E3025, determination of total silver in a consumer textile product is one component of a tiered approach to determine if silver is present, possibly as nanomaterial(s) (one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale), prior to measuring the form and dimension of the Ag that is found. ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis alone is not sufficient to determine whether a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).
Note 4: There are many different chemical and physical forms of silver that are used to treat textiles and an overview of this topic is provided in Guide E3025.  
5.2 As described in Guide E3025, the amount of silver in a textile can decrease over time as silver metal and silver compounds can react with oxygen and other oxidation-reduction (redox) active agents present in the environment to form soluble ionic species which are released by contact with moisture (for example, from ambient humidity, washing, body sweat, rain, or other sources). Hence, if silver is measured in a textile, the result may only be indicative of that moment in the article’s life cycle and great care is necessary in drawing temporal inferences from the results.  
5.3 If silver is measured by ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis, additional analyses are needed to elucidate the form of silver in the textile specimen. This step is necessary because ICP-OES or ICP-MS results are for total silver independent of chemical and physical form and textiles may be treated with silver in sizes that range from the nanoscale (for example, salt nanopartic...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses for determination of the mass fraction of total silver in consumer textile products made of any combination of natural or manufactured fibers. Either ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is recommended as a first step to test for and quantify silver in a textile and results can be used to inform subsequent, more detailed analyses as part of the tiered approach described in Guide E3025 to determine if a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).  
1.2 This test method prescribes acid digestion to prepare test sample solutions from samples of textiles utilizing an appropriate internal standard followed by external calibration and analysis with either ICP-OES or ICP-MS to quantify total silver.  
1.3 This test method is believed to provide quantitative results for textiles made of fibers of rayon, cotton, polyester, and lycra that contain metallic silver (see Section 17). It is the analyst’s responsibility to establish the efficacy (ability to achieve the planned and desired analytical result) of this test method for other textile matrices and forms of silver.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organiz...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2012
Technical Committee
E56 - Nanotechnology
Drafting Committee
E56.06 - Nano-Enabled Consumer Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3171-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS AnalysisASTM E3171-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS Analysis
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ASTM E3171-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3171 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or
1
ICP-MS Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers the use of inductively coupled
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and induc-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses
for determination of the mass fraction of total silver in
2. Referenced Documents
consumer textile products made of any combination of natural
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or manufactured fibers. Either ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
recommended as a first step to test for and quantify silver in a
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
textile and results can be used to inform subsequent, more
D4210Practice for Intralaboratory Quality Control Proce-
detailed analyses as part of the tiered approach described in
dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data
Guide E3025 to determine if a textile contains silver nanoma-
3
(Withdrawn 2002)
terial(s).
D6413Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-
1.2 Thistestmethodprescribesaciddigestiontopreparetest
tical Test)
sample solutions from samples of textiles utilizing an appro-
D7035Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-
priate internal standard followed by external calibration and
alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively
analysis with either ICP-OES or ICP-MS to quantify total
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
silver.
AES)
1.3 This test method is believed to provide quantitative D7439Test Method for Determination of Elements in Air-
results for textiles made of fibers of rayon, cotton, polyester, borne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
and lycra that contain metallic silver (see Section 17). It is the –Mass Spectrometry
analyst’s responsibility to establish the efficacy (ability to E288Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks
achieve the planned and desired analytical result) of this test E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
method for other textile matrices and forms of silver. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E694Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Appa-
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
ratus
as standard. No other units of measurements are included in
E1613Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
this standard.
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques (Withdrawn 2021)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E2456Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E3025Guide for TieredApproach to Detection and Charac-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
terization of Silver Nanomaterials in Textiles
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Nanotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.06 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Nano-Enabled Consumer Products. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published May 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
E3171-21. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3171 − 21
4 7
2.2 AATCC Standards: 2.5 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
AATCC 135Dimensional Changes of Fabrics after Home 16CFRParts1615and1616StandardsfortheFlammability
of Children’s Sleepwear
Laundering
5
2.3 ISO Standards:
3. Terminology
ISO/IEC Guide 99International Vocabulary of Metrology—
3.1 Definitions:
Basic and General Concepts andAssociatedTerms (VIM
...

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3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces, the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a joint filler's ability to continuously fill a concrete expansion joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of the fiber-type joint filler's durability and life expectancy. In the case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of durability and life expectancy.
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties associated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methods include:    
Property  
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7.3  
Boiling in Hydrochloric Acid  
7.4  
Asphalt Content  
7.5  
Water Absorption  
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Note 1: Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types of joint fillers, as stated herein.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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