ASTM D3919-99
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Standard Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the quantitative determination of trace elements in water and waste water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extending detection limits; however, the practice should only be used at concentration levels below the optimum range of direct flame aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of differences between various makes and models of satisfactory instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular instrument.
1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum concentration ranges are given in the individual methods. Ranges may be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of a secondary wavelength. Samples containing concentrations higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted or analyzed by other techniques.
1.3 This technique is generally not applicable to brines and seawater. Special techniques such as separation of the trace elements from the salt, careful temperature control through ramping techniques, or matrix modification by the addition of NH 4 NO 3 may be useful for these samples.
1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various trade journals and scientific publications.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 3919 – 99
Standard Practice for
Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace
1
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
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quantitative determination of trace elements in water and waste D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotom- D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
2
etry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extending and Steam in Closed Conduits
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detection limits; however, the practice should only be used at D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
concentration levels below the optimum range of direct flame D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
2
aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of duits
differences between various makes and models of satisfactory D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
2
instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should follow the
3. Terminology
instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
instrument.
1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
concentration ranges are given in the individual methods.
Ranges may be increased or decreased by varying the volume 3.2.1 graphite furnace—an electrothermal graphite device
capable of reaching the specified temperatures required by the
of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of
a secondary wavelength. Samples containing concentrations element being determined.
3.2.2 platform or similar device— a flat, grooved or un-
higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted
grooved piece of pyrolytic graphite inserted in the graphite
or analyzed by other techniques.
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1.3 This technique is generally not applicable to brines and tube on which the sample is placed (1).
seawater. Special techniques such as separation of the trace
4. Summary of Practice
elements from the salt, careful temperature control through
4.1 The element is determined by an atomic absorption
ramping techniques, or matrix modification may be useful for
spectrophotometer used in conjunction with a graphite furnace.
these samples.
The principle is essentially the same as with direct flame
1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as
aspiration atomic absorption except a furnace, rather than a
provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various
flame, is used to atomize the sample. The elemental atoms to be
trade journals and scientific publications.
measured are placed in the beam of radiation by increasing the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature of the furnace, thereby causing the injected speci-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
men to be volatilized. Radiation from a given excited element
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is passed through the vapor containing ground-state atoms of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that element. The decrease in intensity of the transmitted
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
radiation is a measure of the amount of the ground-state
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in
2
Water. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
published as D 3919 – 80. Last previous edition D 3919 – 94a (1998). this standard.
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D 3919 – 99
element in the vapor. A monochromator isolates the character- ence and the composition of the sample matrix can have a
istic radiation from the hollow-cathode lamp and a photosen- major effect on the analysis. Therefore, for each different
sitive device measures the attenuated transmitted radiation. matrix encountered, the possibility of these
...
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