ASTM D3850-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
Standard Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Thermogravimetry is useful in determining the dynamic functional effect of temperature on the amount of volatile materials leaving a specimen as the latter is heated progressively to higher temperatures. TGA can be useful for process control, process development, material evaluation, and for identification and quality control in specifications.
The thermal stability of a material can be associated with the degree and time rate of mass loss as a function of temperature. TGA curves can, therefore, be used as a preliminary screen method in the evaluation of relative behavior of insulating materials of the same generic family.
The functional temperature-life relationship of an insulating material in any given application depends on a number of service and environmental factors. Therefore, the information obtained from TGA curves is not adequate by itself to describe the thermal capability of an insulating material.
Refer to the Appendix for further discussion of the interpretation of TGA data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for obtaining thermogravimetric (TGA) data on solid polymeric materials intended for use as electrical insulating materials.
1.2 Do not use this standard to quantify an estimate of the long-term thermal capability for any electrical insulating material. If a relationship exists between TGA and the long-term thermal capabilities of a material, then that fact must be established and made public, preferably by comparing data between a candidate and another material known to display similar failure modes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3850 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating
1
Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E1582Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for
Thermogravimetry
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for obtaining
thermogravimetric (TGA) data on solid polymeric materials
3. Terminology
intended for use as electrical insulating materials.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.2 Do not use this standard to quantify an estimate of the
nology D883, Terminology D1711, and Terminology E473.
long-term thermal capability for any electrical insulating ma-
terial. If a relationship exists between TGA and the long-term
3.2 Abbreviations—Abbreviations are in accordance with
thermal capabilities of a material, then that fact must be
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
established and made public, preferably by comparing data
between a candidate and another material known to display
4. Summary of Test Method
similar failure modes.
4.1 This thermogravimetric technique uses the record of the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
mass loss versus the temperature of the specimen during the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
time of exposure to a specified prescribed environment using a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
controlled time rate of heating.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 The record is a TGAcurve, with percent of initial mass
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
astheordinateandtemperatureastheabscissa(seeFigs.1and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2).
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 The temperature is measured and recorded at specified
2 masslosspoints(recordedasaTGAcurve),usinganelectronic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chart recorder or other suitable data acquisition device.
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
5. Significance and Use
tics
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
5.1 Thermogravimetry is useful in determining the dynamic
D2307 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-
functional effect of temperature on the amount of volatile
Insulated Round Magnet Wire
materials leaving a specimen as the latter is heated progres-
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
sively to higher temperatures. TGA can be useful for process
Comparison Techniques
control, process development, material evaluation, and for
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
identification and quality control in specifications.
ology
5.2 The thermal stability of a material can be associated
with the degree and time rate of mass loss as a function of
temperature. TGAcurves can, therefore, be used as a prelimi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
nary screen method in the evaluation of relative behavior of
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.17 on Thermal Characteristics.
insulating materials of the same generic family.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally
5.3 The functional temperature-life relationship of an insu-
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3850–94(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D3850-12.
lating material in any given application depends on a number
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of service and environmental factors. Therefore, the informa-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tion obtained from TGA curves is not adequate by itself to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. describe the thermal capability of an insulating material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3850 − 12
Sample 8.54 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 1 Curve No. 1, Typical TGA for Polyester Film
Sample 5.93 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 2 Curve No. 2, Typical TGA for Polyimide Film
5.4 Refer to the Appendix for further discussion of the 6.1.1 Microbalance, of the null type, sensitive to 0.001
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3850–94 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D3850 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating
1
Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for obtaining thermogravimetric (TGA) data on solid polymeric materials intended
for use as electrical insulating materials.
1.2 Do not use this standard to quantify an estimate of the long-term thermal capability for any electrical insulating material.
If a relationship exists between TGAand the long-term thermal capabilities of a material, then that fact must be established and
made public, preferably by comparing data between a candidate and another material known to display similar failure modes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2307 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-Insulated Round Magnet Wire
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for Thermogravimetry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883, Terminology D1711, and Terminology E473.
3.2 Abbreviations:Abbreviations—Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This thermogravimetric technique uses the record of the mass loss versus the temperature of the specimen during the time
of exposure to a specified prescribed environment using a controlled time rate of heating.
4.2 The record is a TGAcurve, with percent of initial mass as the ordinate and temperature as the abscissa (see Figs. 1 and 2).
4.3 Thetemperatureismeasuredandrecordedatspecifiedmasslosspoints(recordedasaTGAcurve),usinganelectronicchart
recorder or other suitable data acquisition device.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thermogravimetryisusefulindeterminingthedynamicfunctionaleffectoftemperatureontheamountofvolatilematerials
leaving a specimen as the latter is heated progressively to higher temperatures. TGA can be useful for process control, process
development, material evaluation, and for identification and quality control in specifications.
5.2 Thethermalstabilityofamaterialcanbeassociatedwiththedegreeandtimerateofmasslossasafunctionoftemperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.17 on Thermal Capabilities.Characteristics.
Current edition approved AprilJan. 1, 2006.2012. Published April 2006.February 2012. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
D3850–94(20006). DOI: 10.1520/D3850-94R06.10.1520/D3850-12.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3850 – 12
Sample 8.54 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 1 Curve No. 1, Typical TGA for Polyester Film
Sample 5.93 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 2 Curve No. 2, Typical TGA for Polyimide Film
TGAcurves can, therefore, be used as a preliminary screen method in the evaluation of relative behavior of insulating materials
of the same generic family.
5.3 The functional temperature-life relationship of an in
...
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